<p>This essay examines the adaptation of <em>The French Lieutenant’s Woman;</em> proclaiming that it is based on the same core of meaning as the novel. This core, or interiority, of the art work, is the <em>freedom</em> which Sarah Woodruff presents. The interiority is immanent within the novel as well as the film. The freedom that Sarah presents creates <em>gaps in time</em> and is mainly <em>freedom from time</em>. From an exterior perspective though, these art works look different. The exteriority is visualized and described by being denominated as different narrative levels. In the film Mike falls in love with Sarah as an escape from his own time, one that is characterized by more lenient moral views than those prevalent in the Victorian Age. This present-day character is not, of course, in the novel but is invented by Harold Pinter as part of a metaphor for Fowles’ metafictional stance. In the novel, freedom is partly represented by an extradiegetic narrative level and suggested in various comments made by the apparent author of the work: John Fowles. This essay highlights the contrasts between the fictive world (on a hypodiegetic level), and the real world (on a diegetic level). By doing this, this essay suggests a motive for Pinter’s “narrative innovation” as a “brilliant metaphor” for Fowles´ novel. With these contrasts we find that the restraints of a seemingly open society (the 1980s in which Pinter was writing the screenplay) are able to contain an inner, rather implicit, restraint for the individual of the 1980s. The longing for freedom is triggered as soon as man is deprived of freedom, irrespective of how and when. Sarah is an escape from Victorian Age for Charles, at the same time as she is an escape from the 1980s for Mike. On the whole, Sarah is an escape from the linearity of all time. Freedom is immanent with both of the artworks, yet they are completely different, seen from outside.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

This essay examines the adaptation of The French Lieutenant’s Woman; proclaiming that it is based on the same core of meaning as the novel. This core, or interiority, of the art work, is the freedom which Sarah Woodruff presents. The interiority is immanent within the novel as well as the film. The freedom that Sarah presents creates gaps in time and is mainly freedom from time. From an exterior perspective though, these art works look different. The exteriority is visualized and described by being denominated as different narrative levels. In the film Mike falls in love with Sarah as an escape from his own time, one that is characterized by more lenient moral views than those prevalent in the Victorian Age. This present-day character is not, of course, in the novel but is invented by Harold Pinter as part of a metaphor for Fowles’ metafictional stance. In the novel, freedom is partly represented by an extradiegetic narrative level and suggested in various comments made by the apparent author of the work: John Fowles. This essay highlights the contrasts between the fictive world (on a hypodiegetic level), and the real world (on a diegetic level). By doing this, this essay suggests a motive for Pinter’s “narrative innovation” as a “brilliant metaphor” for Fowles´ novel. With these contrasts we find that the restraints of a seemingly open society (the 1980s in which Pinter was writing the screenplay) are able to contain an inner, rather implicit, restraint for the individual of the 1980s. The longing for freedom is triggered as soon as man is deprived of freedom, irrespective of how and when. Sarah is an escape from Victorian Age for Charles, at the same time as she is an escape from the 1980s for Mike. On the whole, Sarah is an escape from the linearity of all time. Freedom is immanent with both of the artworks, yet they are completely different, seen from outside.

In my work as speech and language pathologist I often meet people emerging from coma andtheir experiences intrigue me. Coma is an eluding human condition that offers a challenge formodern science and our view on body and mind. In my Master project in Creative Writing Iwanted to try to enter this zone that is so hard for a clinician to reach: the personal experienceof being in a coma. By writing HUSK MIDAS I have tried to create a realistic fiction based onresearch on coma state and real-life stories of people waking up from coma.In my exploration of the coma state I found that lucid dreaming is common apart fromdreaming, many patients experience sensory inputs like sound and touch which aremisinterpreted and woven into dreams and creating a feeling of confusion and fear.Coma is a frequent theme in literature and film but is often depicted unrealistically andmisleadingly. A few works like Artur Lundkvist’s Journeys in Dream and Imagination andthe film The Descendents by Alexander Payne show a more reality based fiction. While themedical care has the responsibility to provide accurate information and make important healthcare decisions regardless of possible public misconceptions, fiction helps us to dramatize thecoma experience and bring to life this marginalized and otherwise non-communicable state ofthe human condition.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-06-22T13:06:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1239262 bytes, checksum: 7771a41858b9b6b813e1e57862b7c084 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T13:06:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1239262 bytes, checksum: 7771a41858b9b6b813e1e57862b7c084 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / This dissertation proposes a comparative analysis of metafiction in the novel The French lieutenant's woman, by John Fowles and in the film with the same name, directed by Karel Reisz, with screenplay by Harold Pinter. Our theoretical frame highlights some of the main studies published in the field of metafiction. We supplement the investigation of metafiction in the literary and filmic narrative in interface with other theoretical contributions, among them: narratology, filmic adaptation and some theoreticians of postmodernism. We adopt as a methodological principle the comparative investigation of some aesthetic devices and procedures associated with metafiction (self-reflexivity, self-consciousness, intertextuality, mise-en-abyme, among others) as long as they have been emphasized in the appreciation of some selected narrative categories (narrator, epigraph, character, reader/spectator) in the literary and filmic contexts. As a whole, our results consider metafiction as being a privileged, mediatory, logic, processual and theoretical-critical tool for the in-depth comprehension of the filmic and literary narratives. / Esta dissertação propõe uma análise comparativa da metaficção no romance The French lieutenant's woman, de John Fowles e no filme homônimo, dirigido por Karel Reisz, com roteiro de Harold Pinter. Nosso aporte teórico focaliza, sobretudo, os principais estudos publicados na área da metaficção. Suplementamos a investigação da metaficção na narrativa literária e fílmica com a interface de outros subsídios teóricos, dentre eles: a narratologia, a adaptação fílmica e alguns teóricos do pós-modernismo. Adotamos como princípio metodológico, o exame comparado de alguns recursos e procedimentos estéticos filiados à metaficção (tais como, autorreflexividade, autoconsciência, intertextualidade, mise-en-abyme, entre outros), conforme foram sendo enfatizados ao longo da apreciação de algumas categorias narrativas selecionadas (narrador, epígrafe, personagem, leitor/espectador) nos contextos literários e fílmicos. Em síntese, nossos resultados recaem sobre a metaficção enquanto uma ferramenta teórico-crítica, processual, lógica, mediadora e privilegiada para a compreensão aprofundada das narrativas literária e fílmica em pauta.

En retraçant le développement des théories de la comédie dans la philosophie occidentale, cette thèse avance que des préjugés l’ont empêchée d’être reconnue comme un genre littéraire sérieux. Il est montré que la place donnée à la comédie comme genre mineur pendant plus de deux mille ans correspond à un modèle éthique qui affirme, en distinguant le réel de l'Idéal, une vision néo-platonicienne de l'existence. Partant de l’analyse d’un phénomène théâtral précis dans l’Europe de l’après-guerre et à travers de nombreux exemples choisis parmi des pièces de cinq dramaturges différents, cette thèse propose trois principaux critères de la comédie : le statut ontologique des personnages comiques, la relation paradoxale de la comédie au monde des apparences, et son aptitude à permettre l'impossible. Opérant ainsi un renversement total des systèmes de valeurs et remettant en question une vision binaire, la comédie brouille les clivages entre l’abstrait et le concret, le mécanique et l’organique, et au bout du compte entre la vie et la mort. Il est démontré comment ce renversement s’accomplit de manière linguistique, métaphorique ou encore dramaturgique. L’étude conclut que la comédie bouleverse l'ordre socio-symbolique qui repose sur la logique du possible. / By tracing the development of theories of comedy within Western philosophy, this thesis claims that anti-comic prejudices prevented comedy from being recognized as a serious genre. Comedy’s inferior status for over two thousand years is shown to correspond to an ethical model that distinguishes the real from the Ideal and affirms a Neo-Platonic vision of existence. Through numerous examples taken from a particular phenomenon of post-war European theatre comprising five different playwrights, this thesis proposes three primary characteristics of comedy: the ontological instability of comic characters, comedy’s paradoxical relation to the world of appearances, and comedy’s willingness to accommodate the impossible. By throwing binaries into question and promoting a complete reversal of dominant value systems, comedy blurs the lines of distinction between the abstract and the concrete, the mechanical and the organic and, ultimately, between life and death. Demonstrating how this reversal is accomplished linguistically, metaphorically, or dramaturgically, this study concludes that comedy subverts the socio-symbolic order that relies upon the logic of possibility.

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