Syftet med den här uppsatsen var att undersöka varför individer i Uppsala kommun källsorterar och vad som möjliggör och hindrar deras källsortering utifrån olika aspekter såsom bostadsform, upplevda samhällsnormer och ålder. För att besvara syftet ställdes frågeställningarna: Vilken inverkan har bostadsform på individers källsortering?, Hur påverkar tillgängligheten till avfallsrum och upplevelsen av det individers källsortering?, Hur påverkar upplevelsen av normer olika individers källsortering? och På vilket sätt påverkar generationstillhörighet individens källsortering?. Metoden för undersökningen var kvalitativa intervjuer i kombination med observation. Resultatet visar på att orsaker till varför en individ källsorterar eller inte ligger på individnivå snarare än generation. Individens syn på miljön har en viktig påverkan på om en individ källsorterar eller inte. Det är den specifika bostaden med dess förutsättningar för källsortering som har större inverkan på källsortering än bostadstypen i sig. Tillgänglighetsaspekten var viktig för samtliga respondenter men det varierade från individ till individ beroende på deras egen attityd och värderingar.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka programmet Pedagogik med inriktning ungdoms – och missbruksvårds påverkan på studenters subjektiva beteende gentemot personer med missbruksproblematik. Som metod i denna kvantitativa uppsats användes frågeformulär för insamling av data. Respondenterna var utexaminerade behandlingspedagoger samt förstaårsstudenter vid programmet pedagogik med inriktning ungdoms- och missbruksvårds. Resultatet pekade på en påverkan av attityder, sociala normer samt tron på den egna förmågan, vilka tillsammans utgjorde grunden till beteende, bland majoriteten av de utexaminerade studenterna. Uppsatsens slutsatser visade på att Institutionen för Pedagogik (tidigare Institutionen för Pedagogik, psykologi och idrottsvetenskap), vilka tillhandahåller utbildningen haft framgång i arbetet med att nyansera och utveckla grundläggande synsätt för professionella inom missbruksvården. Trots detta bör den grupp av personer som inte påvisar en sådan subjektiv påverkan uppmärksammas för att förbättra resultatet än mer.

The present study employed Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to understand the motivational factors associated with peoples’ intention to: (a) increase their physical activity levels in response to Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games; (b) watch the event on television; and (c) purchase products or services from companies because they were sponsors of the event. According to the theory, behavioural intentions are determined by individuals’ attitude toward performing the behaviour (i.e., their overall evaluation of the behaviour); the subjective norms they associate with the behaviour (i.e., their beliefs about whether most people approve or disapprove of the behaviour); and perceived behavioural control (i.e., the perceived ease or difficulty of performing the behavior). As well, this investigation hypothesized that additional variables could predict intention. In particular, past behaviour and descriptive norms (i.e., people’s perceptions about the degree to which other people would perform the behavior) were examined in terms of their ability to explain significant proportions of variance in respondents’ intentions above and beyond TPB variables. Participants were enrolled in first and second year undergraduate classes at the University of Waterloo and the University of Victoria during the Fall 2009 and Winter 2010 term (n = 405). The questionnaire assessed each TPB construct (excluding actual behaviour) using standardized Likert-type scaling procedures suggested by Ajzen (2006). Additionally, the questionnaire assessed gender, geographic proximity to the event (i.e., whether students were enrolled at the University of Waterloo or the University of Victoria), past behaviour, and descriptive norms. Results from the regression analyses revealed that the TPB-based models accounted for 50.7%, 61.5% and 66.6% of the variance in respondents’ intentions to become more active in response to the event, watch the event on television, and purchase products or services from event sponsors respectively. Attitude toward the behaviour was the only TPB construct to play a prominent role in the prediction of all three responses of interest in the present investigation. The importance of the attitude construct in predicting such a diverse set of intentions suggests that sport consumer behaviour might be best understood in terms of expectancy-value cognitive theories such as the TPB. These theories suggest that people will be motivated to perform a particular behaviour (e.g., watching a sport event on television) when they expect to attain a valued outcome as a result of performing the behaviour (e.g., feelings of national pride). Descriptive norms and past behaviour explained an additional 29%, 9.3%, and 21% of the variance in respondents’ intention to become more active in response to the event, watch the event on television, and patronize event sponsors respectively. Among this sample of undergraduate students, responses to the event appeared to be strongly associated with beliefs about whether or not referent others would perform each behaviour. Additionally, much of what motivates sport consumer behaviour within this segment of the population may be related to notions of tradition and nostalgia. Implications for future research and the design of behaviour change interventions are discussed.

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From 2009¡AIndonesia has been Striving to Expand BRIC to BRIIC¡AFrom the growth of Indonesia these days, we can see that the demand of 3C product including Computer, Communications and Consumer-Electronics have been growing rapidly. According to Apkomindo in 21st of July 2010 stated that there has been a 167% of growth from past year of laptop demand in Indonesia, it because of the Indonesia¡¦s economy has been performing well in the many year. From the fascinating of Laptop demand growth, it has attracted many laptop companies to enter the Indonesia market. Asus, as the new entrant of Taiwanese Laptop company in Indonesia has to deal with the fierce competition among laptop companies, one of the tough competitor is Taiwanese laptop Company, Acer. If Asus wants to successfully expand into Indonesia Laptop market, Asus has to understand well on Indonesian Consumer behaviors, if Asus manage to understand well about what consumer need while consuming laptop, the Asus will manage to expand its market in Indonesia. Due to the situation above, The study research is about to understand the buying Intention of Indonesian people while purchasing Laptop. The Study research used the TPB(Theory of Planned Behavior) model of Ajzen as the research fundamental for studying the laptop buying intention of Indonesian people. The target of our study is the Indonesian consumer whether they currently in the region of Indonesia or in the foreign country. We manage to collect the effective- questionnaires of 126. In-order to test the adaptability of the construct models, we use regression analysis to analysis the collecting data and using Focus Group discussion both method as the study research analysis. The focus group discussion has involved six Indonesian students that currently studied in National of Sun-Yat-Sen University in Taiwan. According the result of this study, Consumer¡¦s Attitude, Social norm and Perceived behavior control, product characteristic and company marketing has a significant influence to Indonesian people on buying laptop. The research also figure it out that the different types of the purchased laptop of consumer has different influences effect on purchasing laptop.

Chinese people are keen on nutritional Supplements for decades. They will consume on anything that are good for their health, just like the Chinese old folk says, ¡§If we sick, we need to find the cure, but if we are not sick, we need to stay fit¡¨. Most of Chinese people who still under this traditional point of view will pay whatever it cost to acquire the supplements that are good for their health, especially on special recipe. Keeping fit is a trend in the past few years. Nowadays, functional food is acceptable in our society. But we still don¡¦t understand much about it. Besides, based from the event that occurred in 2008 which our government has changed ¡¨Centrum¡¨ from drugs into food product, we can see that The standard on distinguishing drugs, functional food and food product is still an obscure. And it left consumer in the middle of confusions. Actually, on the consumer point of view, ¡§Centrum¡¨ is a functional food to them. Hence, our study is based from consumer perspective to research the consumer recognition on functional food, and also performing a further research on consumer buying intention on functional food and the impact factors on buying the functional food products. Our Study using TPB model as our research fundamental for studying consumer acknowledgement on functional food and their buying intention. Our research sample is targeting citizen at Kaohsiung and Taichung city. We send out 120 questionnaires and 100 internet questionnaires and we manage to collect 220 samples. There are 194 effective questionnaire out of total sample of 220 that been collected, the sample effective rate is 88.19%. In-order to test the adaptability of the construct models, we use regression analysis and covariance analysis to analyze collected sample using SPSS version 14. The result of this study discovered that consumer behavior on functional food can be proved by the TPB model. But in Taiwan, the definition of functional food even though has been defined by law, but consumer still doesn¡¦t have much information about the definition of functional food. And yet has caused the irrational behavior of consumer while purchasing functional food. Though this research we suggest the government perfume action on informing its people on the definition of functional food and the proper way on differentiate and to consume the functional food. And also, the government must have started to emphasize about the preventive medical perspective to the public to ease the pressure on structural aging problem in our nation.

Organic agriculture has offered a more sustainable alternative to conventional agricultural production and has grown rapidly in many countries. By 2012, over 5,000 hectares of land will be farmed organically in Taiwan. To understand and predict Taiwanese farmers¡¦ intention to become engaged in organic agricultural production, this study assessed participants¡¦ behavior determinants based on an integrated model, including Ajzen¡¦s (1988) theory of planned behavior and Roger¡¦s (1995) theory of innovation diffusion. An extra variable¡Xresponsibility¡Xwas also added to the model. The study interviews 166 farmers from organic farming class held by Agriculture Reform Fields, and 187 farmers from conventional farming class held by local Farmers¡¦ Associations. Assessments show that for farmers who attended organic-farming classes, (a) attitude, perceived behavioral control and responsibility predict participants¡¦ intention behind engagement in organic agriculture, and that (b) complexity, compatibility and observability predict their attitude. As for farmers who attended conventional-farming classes, assessments reveal that (a) attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and responsibility predict participants¡¦ intention behind engagement in organic agriculture, and that (b) environmental concern, complexity and observability predict participants¡¦ attitude. Furthermore, results also suggest that farmers who have younger ages, degrees of higher education, ownership of larger land, or suspicions that acquaintances fell ill due to pesticides are more willing to engage in organic agriculture. Implications regarding how to construct organic agriculture policy and how to distribute to farmers relevant information (e.g., certification process, sales skills and skills in organic farming) are discussed.

The reduction green house gases (GHG) and migitation of climate change have become great challenges to mankind. Taiwan¡¦s households, which account for about 13% of the GHG emissions in Taiwan, are certainly a target for GHS and energy reduction. Based on the theory of planned behavior and Stern and Gardner's (1981) typology of energy saving behavior, this study proposed a model of curtailment behavior toward climate change (CCC model) and a model of efficiency action toward climate change (ECC model). Results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that both models were useful. The CCC model could predict people's intent to take curtailment actions and actual behavior, whereas the ECC model could predict people's intent to take efficiency actions. However, the functions of independent variables were different by gender in both models. Subjective norm influnce the dependent variable significantly only in ECC model. This study suggests some energy saving methods, according to the literatures and the findings.

This research examines the effect of a nutrition education intervention to change attitudes and other factors associated with eating breakfast and consuming low-fat dairy and whole-grains. Adolescents (n = 106) 11 to 15 years old were recruited from afterschool programs in Los Angeles County, California. Participants in the treatment group (n = 57) met once weekly for 60 minutes during seven weeks. The curriculum focused on changing attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control toward eating breakfast along with including low-fat dairy and whole grains. The first three lessons focused on basic nutrition concepts. The later lessons focused on identifying barriers and overcoming barriers, goal-setting, and identifying methods to stay motivated. Questionnaires were administered at baseline and post-intervention. Data were analyzed using SAS statistical analysis program (v. 9.2). Eighty-eight percent of participants were Hispanic, 55% were girls, and mean age was 12 years. One-hundred six adolescents completed the questionnaire at baseline and 75 completed it at post-intervention. Cronbach alpha statistic for subjective norms and attitudes toward eating breakfast, consuming low-fat dairy and whole-grains were 0.67 and higher for each dependant variable. Intention was significantly predicted by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control; however, as these models do not differentiate change, additional models were run with interactions between group (treatment versus control) and the change variables. Significant changes in perceived behavioral control were observed among participants in the treatment group regarding drinking skim milk, 1% milk, and 2% milk respectively (p < .05; p < .001; p < .001) and attitude (p < .05). No change was observed in breakfast eating or consumption of wholegrains

Human papillomavirus (HPV) affects at least half of all sexually active people, especially those aged 20-24 years. Gynecological exams are instrumental in cervical cancer prevention due to the early detection of abnormal cervical cells often caused by HPV. Despite the many benefits of gynecological exams, they continue to be underused. Women are often unaware of exam guidelines, procedures, and costs. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used to predict and explain exam behaviors. A woman’s decision to seek gynecological care may be influenced by numerous factors, including: genital self-image, body image and sexual behaviors. The purpose of this study was to: 1) determine if the TPB explains and predicts exam behaviors, 2) assess if genital self-image, body image and sexual behaviors predict exam behaviors, and 3) evaluate the reliability and validity of data collected on the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS) among a sample of female college students. The study included a convenience sample of 450 women enrolled in health-related courses at a large Southern university in the US. SEM analyses revealed gynecological exam intention was a successful predictor of exam behaviors: Χ2 (81, N = 450) = 258.49, p <> <> <> .001, RMSEA = 0.07, CFI = 0.96 and NFI = 0.95. The addition of genital self-image to the TPB model yielded similar fit indices; however, the TPB alone appears to be more predictive of exam behaviors. Predictive discriminant analysis (PDA) was used to indicate the predictor, or group of predictors, best suited to predict gynecological exam behavior. PDA results indicate the number of vaginal intercourse partners during the past 3-months was most predictive (hit rate = 68.2%). A CFA yielded a two-factor FGSIS model: Χ2 (12, N = 450) = 49.77, p <> .001, RMSEA = 0.08, CFI = 0.98 and NFI = 0.97. Reliability assessments indicated very good internal consistency for the entire scale (α = 0.89), for factor one (α = 0.86) and factor two (α = 0.82). Results have implications for the development of sexual health and women’s health programs targeting factors influencing gynecological exam behaviors. Specifically, scores on the FGSIS can establish relationships between genital self-image and exam behaviors of college women.