Storlapinių šeimos augalai šiuo laikotarpiu yra vieni populiariausių augalų. Jie labai lengvai prižiūrimi, nereikalauja didelių pastangų ir laiko. Storlapinių (Crassulaceae) šeimą sudaro 30 genčių ir 1500 rūšių iš kurių Lietuvoje savaime auga 5 šeimos rūšys iš 3 genčių: šiloko (Sedum L.), perkūnropės (Jovibarba Opiz) ir vilkpupės (Hylotelephium H. Ohba). Darbo tikslas – įvertinti storlapinių šeimos augalų auginimo Šiaulių miesto želdynuose ypatumus. Darbo uždaviniai: ištirti storlapinių šeimos augalų įvairovę gėlynuose; nustatyti storlapinių šeimos augalų gausumą ir dažnumą; įvertinti storlapinių šeimos augalų auginimo gėlynuose galimybes. Tyrimas atliktas 2009 m. Ginkūnų ir Talkšos kapinėse, Šiaulių miesto gėlynuose bei privačiuose Šiaulių miesto ir gyvenvietės gėlynuose. Buvo tiriama augalų rūšių sudėtis, storlapinių šeimos augalų gausumas želdynuose. Nustatyti kiekvieno tiriamojo objekto rūšių panašumai pagal P. Žakaro (Jaccard) koeficientą. Tirtuose gėlynuose ir kapinėse buvo aptikti penkių iš storlapinių (Crassulaceae) šeimos genčių ( Sedum, Sempervivum, Hylotelephium, Echeveria ir Rosularia) augalai Gėlynuose ir kapinėse buvo atpažintos aštuonios storlapinių šeimos augalų rūšys – aitrusis šilokas (Sedum acre), agavinė kalvorė (Echeveria agavoides), kaukazinis šilokas (Sedum spurium), puošnioji vilpupė (Hylotelephium spectabile), stoginė šilropė (Sempervivum tectorium), uolinis šilokas (Sedum reflexum), voratinklinė šilropė (Sempervivum arachnoideum), gajutinė skotenė... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Ornamental plants of the Crassulaceae family are among the most popular ornamental plants, because their care is simple and does not require much time. The Crassulaceae family includes 30 genera and 1500 species. In Lithuania this family is represented by 5 native species, belonging to 3 genera – Sedum L., Jovibarba Opiz and Hylotelephium H. Ohba. The aim of the research vas to estimate peculiarities of Crassulacea plants cultivation in ornamental plantations of Šiauliai city. The following tasks were formulated: to investigate diversity of Crassulaceae species in ornamental plantations, to reveal abundance and frequency of Crassulaceae species, to estimate peculiarities of Crassulaceae cultivation in ornamental plantations. This research was performed in 2009 in Ginkūnai and Talkša cemeteries, as well as in public and private ornamental plantations of Šiauliai city. Diversity of all ornamental plant species and Crassulaceae species and their abundance was estimated. Similarity of species composition in different ornamental plantations was estimated employing Jaccard coefficient of similarity. Species of 5 Crassulaceae genera (Sedum, Sempervivum, Hylotelephium, Echeveria ir Rosularia) were found in the investigated ornamental plantations. Eight species of the Crassulaceae family were identified: Sedum acre, Echeveria agavoides, Sedum spurium, Hylotelephium spectabile, Sempervivum tectorum, Sedum reflexum, Sempervivum arachnoideum, Rosuaria aizoon. Comparison of diversity of... [to full text]

In Chile’s neoliberal economy, large-scale timber plantations controlled by national and multinational forest corporations have expanded significantly on traditional indigenous territories. Chile’s forestry sector began to expand rapidly in 1974, the year following the military coup, owing to the privatization of forest lands and the passing of Decree 701. That law continues to provide large subsidies for afforestation, as well as tax exemptions for plantations established after 1974. As a consequence, conflicts have developed between indigenous communities and forestry companies, with the latter actively supported by government policies. The Mapuche people, the largest indigenous group in Chile, have been demanding the right to control their own resources. Meanwhile, they have been bearing the physical and social costs of the forestry sector’s growth. Since democracy returned to Chile in 1990, governments have done little to strengthen the rights of indigenous peoples. Government policy in this area is ill-defined; it consists mainly of occasional land restitution and monetary compensation when conflicts with the Mapuche threaten to overheat. This, however, is coupled with heavy-handed actions by the police and the legal system against Mapuche individuals and groups. From a political ecology perspective, this thesis examines how indigenous communities resort to various political strategies to accommodate, resist, and/or negotiate as political-economic processes change, and how these responses in turn shape natural resource management and, it follows, the local environment. My findings are that the environmental and social impacts associated with landscape transformation are shaped not only by structural changes brought about by economic and political forces but also, simultaneously, by smaller acts of political, cultural, and symbolic protest. Emerging forms of political agency are having expected and unexpected consequences that are giving rise to new processes of environmental change. Evidence for my argument is provided by a case study that focuses on the political strategies followed by the Mapuche movement. I analyze the obstacles that are preventing the Chilean government from addressing more effectively the social, economic, and cultural needs of indigenous peoples through resource management policies. Government policies toward the Mapuche have not encompassed various approaches that might facilitate conflict resolution, such as effective participation in land use plans, natural resource management, the protection of the cultural rights of indigenous communities, and the Mapuche people’s right to their own approaches to development. Employing Foucault’s notion of governmentality, I argue that, while the Mapuche have widely contested the state’s neoliberal policies, they have nevertheless been drawn into governing strategies that are fundamentally neoliberal in character. These strategies have reconfigured their relationship with the state, NGOs, and foreign aid donors. Operating at both formal and informal levels of social and political interaction, this new mentality of government employs coercive and co-optive measures to cultivate Mapuche participation in the neoliberal modernization project, while continuing to neglect long-standing relations of inequality and injustice that underpin conflicts over land and resources.

As the Eucalyptus globulus plantation industry expands and matures in southwestern Australia (WA), the impact of disease within the plantation environment is predicted to increase. This thesis investigated the most abundant canker-causing pathogen associated with branch and stem cankers, Endothiella eucalypti the anamorph of Cryphonectria eucalypti. Endothiella eucalypti was widespread, although at low incidence, throughout the WA plantation estate and was frequently observed sporulating on the bark of healthy hosts in the absence of disease. Regions with a long (approximately 20 years) plantation history, such as Bunbury, had the highest incidence of this pathogen. A high degree of variability in pathogenicity, growth rate and colony morphology was observed between WA isolates of En. eucalypti. In the glasshouse, a significant variation in susceptibility of seven E. globulus provenances to En. eucalypti was observed. Although an interaction between the E. globulus provenance and En. eucalypti isolate was recorded, some provenances were generally more susceptible than others. In two 18-month-old plantations, the susceptibility of three provenances to En. eucalypti was significantly influenced by environmental conditions. Visual assessment of general tree health indicated that less healthy trees had smaller lesions than healthy trees. It is hypothesised that the selection of E. globulus provenances to suit site conditions in the future should decrease the risk of serious disease, especially on marginal sites. Endothiella eucalypti caused disease in intact stems of two-year-old E. globulus under glasshouse conditions. This suggests that En. eucalypti may not require a wound to infect in the field. Vegetative compatibility groupings between WA En. eucalypti isolates indicated a relatively high degree of genotypic diversity within the WA asexual population of En. eucalypti, whereas inter-simple sequence repeats PCR (ISSR-PCR) analysis indicated a lower level of genotypic diversity. Discrepancies between traditional and molecular techniques, such as ISSR-PCR, was attributed to the more specific gene-togene analysis afforded by molecular techniques. ISSR-PCR successfully distinguished variability within the En. eucalypti population and with the teleomorph, isolated in South Africa. It also separated Cryphonectria cubensis isolates from the C. eucalypti isolates. As copper is the micronutrient most limiting growth of E. globulus in WA, its role in the resistance of two E. globulus provenances was examined in a glasshouse trial. Lesion extension or defence responses of E. globulus to En. eucalypti did not differ between Cu-adequate and Cu-deficient plants. It is suggested that constitutive levels of host defence enzymes played a more important role in providing protection for the host against En. eucalypti than the external supply of copper. A reduction in the canopy volume of E. globulus within plantations due to insect herbivory or foliar pathogens, such as Mycosphaerella spp., has been reported to predispose the host to disease caused by non-aggressive canker-causing fungi. Under two separate glasshouse trials, conditions of 100% defoliation and 80% defoliation maintained over six weeks prior to inoculation, were required to significantly increase lesion extension caused by En. eucalypti in E. globulus stems. The ability of defoliated E. globulus to retain a degree of resistance to En. eucalypti was attributed to the rapid replacement of foliage and up-regulation of photosynthesis in remaining leaves. The carbohydrate reserves of the plant were depleted following defoliation and remained depressed regardless of the length of time the trees remained defoliated. In conclusion, the endophytic habit of En. eucalypti poses a threat to highly stressed trees, however it does not appear to be an immediate threat to WA plantation health. Although En. eucalypti has not yet been responsible for a major disease outbreak in WA, the impact of this disease on plantation-grown eucalypts elsewhere in Australia and worldwide serves as an indication of its potential to affect WA plantations.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of History, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 289-299).

Lic.-avh. Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning). Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Yale University, 1979. / Physical description of the original determined from examination of photocopy. "8011190" on added t.p. of photocopy. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliographical essay: leaves 313-330.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, August, 1992. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 461-489).

Thesis (doctoral)--Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, 1994. / "Stellingen" laid in. Includes bibliographical references (p. [319]-337) and index.

Thesis (M.S.)--Humboldt State University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 27-31). Also available via Humboldt Digital Scholar.