Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Novel self-assembling copolymers of 4-Methacryloyloxyazobenzene and NN-dimethylacrylamide (MOAB-DMA) exhibiting a pronounced photoviscosity effects in water are described. An optimum polymer architecture corresponding to maximum contents of the azobenzene moieties that allowed for the aqueous solubility of the MOAB-DMA copolymer at ambient temperature was observed at a molar fraction of the MOAB moieties in the copolymer of 0.2. When blended with Pluronic F127 copolymers, the MOAB-DMA solutions become both irradiation- and temperature-sensitive and capable of sol-gel transitions depending on the MOAB-DMA content. Effect of the MOAB-DMA copolymer addition to concentrated Pluronic F127 solutions was studied by controlled stress rheology. The presence of the amphiphilic MOAB-DMA copolymers in the micellar Pluronic solutions enabled irradiation-dependent shifts in gelation temperature, while the viscoelastic gel modulus was not significantly affected by the MOAB-DMA copolymers, indicating that cubic lattice of the Pluronic responsible for the gel formation was not compromised. The UV- and T-dependent gelling media might prove to become viable electrophoretic separation matrices. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

Submitted by Pós graduação Farmácia (ppgfar@ufba.br) on 2017-05-25T21:01:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 luis alberto.pdf: 2125407 bytes, checksum: bcc251b3e09686e32b026f2583ac2cbb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barroso (pbarroso@ufba.br) on 2017-05-29T17:24:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 luis alberto.pdf: 2125407 bytes, checksum: bcc251b3e09686e32b026f2583ac2cbb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-29T17:24:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 luis alberto.pdf: 2125407 bytes, checksum: bcc251b3e09686e32b026f2583ac2cbb (MD5) / CAPES / Polímeros como Poloxameros ou Pluronics® são surfactantes não iônicos que, em solução aquosa, apresentam a propriedade de se auto-organizarem em micelas. Essas soluções micelares quando submetidas a aquecimento ou ao um aumento na concentração do surfactante, forma-se um gel in situ, o que tem levado a sua utilização como um veículo farmacêutico. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento e caracterização físico-química de formulações a base de Pluronic F127 (PF-127), incorporados com complexos metálicos do tipo ZnPC e [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+. As formulações foram preparadas pelo método a frio e pelo método a quente, e depois caracterizadas por espectroscopia na região do UV/Visível, infravermelho; espectrofluorimetria, difração de raios-X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, potencial zeta, tamanho de partícula; além de ser também avaliado a liberação de espécies reativas de oxigênio como o oxigênio singlete (1O2), e espécies reativas de óxido nítrico como o radical óxido nítrico (NO) sob estímulo luminoso. Os resultados encontrados por espectroscopia na região do UV/Visível e espectrofluorimetria demonstraram que os complexos ZnPC e [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+, em meio heterogêneo, comportaram-se de modo semelhante a quando em meio homogêneo, pois não houve alteração no seu perfil espectral. As analises por difração de raios-X demonstraram que não houve mudança na cristalinidade das formulações e quando comparados ao controle, indicando, juntamente com os dados de infravermelho, que não há algum tipo de reação química entre os complexos e o PF-127. As formulações contendo ZnPC e ZnPC + [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+ mostraram-se estáveis durante 28 dias. Morfologicamente, as formulações apresentaram-se com um aspecto homogêneo, poroso e lamelar. As formulações apresentaram um potencial zeta negativo, sendo que os géis contendo o complexo [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+ tiveram um valor menos negativo, possivelmente devido a carga deste complexo, e os géis contendo a ZnPC um valor mais negativo. Foi evidenciado que houve a saída controlada de NO e 1O2, após irradiação luminosa na região do visível. Logo, as formulações desenvolvidas neste trabalho PF-127demonstram ser sistemas de liberação adequados para a incorporação de complexos metálicos de diferentes polaridades, ZnPC e [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+. / Polymers such as poloxamers or Pluronics® are nonionic surfactants, in aqueous solution, have the property of self-organize into micelles. These micellar solutions when subjected to heating or to increase the concentration of surfactant forms a gel in situ, which has led to its use as a pharmaceutical. The objective of this work is the development and physical-chemical based formulations of Pluronic F127 (PF-127), incorporated with metal complex-type ZnPC and [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+. The formulations were prepared by cold and hot methods, and then characterized by spectroscopy in the UV/Visible, infrared, spectrofluorimetric, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential, particle size, in addition to be also evaluated the release of reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen (1O2), and reactive species such as nitric oxide radical nitric oxide (NO) under light stimulation. The results found by spectroscopy in the UV/Visible and spectrofluorometric showed that ZnPC complexes and [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3 + in heterogeneous medium, behaved similarly to when in homogeneous, because there was no change in its spectral profile. The analysis by X-ray diffraction showed no change in crystallinity of the formulations and compared to control, indicating, together with the infrared data, that there are not chemical reaction between the complex and the PF-127. Formulations containing ZnPC and ZnPC + [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+ are stable for 28 days. Morphologically, the formulations presented with a homogeneous aspect, porous and lamellar. The formulations showed negative zeta potential, and the gels containing the complex [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+ had a less negative value, possibly due to charge of the complex and gels containing a value ZnPC more negative. It was shown that there was a controlled output NO and 1O2 under light irradiation in the visible region. Thus, the formulations developed in this work showed been release systems suitable for the incorporation of metal complexes of different polarities, ZnPC and [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+.

Yes / We report the effect of low-energy thermal neutron irradiation on the antiproliferative activities of a highly hydrophobic organometallic arene ruthenium dithiolatoecarborane complex [Ru(p-cymene) (1,2- dicarba-closo-dodecarborane-1,2-dithiolato)] (1), and of its formulation in Pluronic® triblock copolymer P123 coreeshell micelles (RuMs). Complex 1 was highly active, with and without neutron irradiation, towards human ovarian cancer cells (A2780; IC50 0.14 mM and 0.17 mM, respectively) and cisplatinresistant human ovarian cancer cells (A2780cisR; IC50 0.05 and 0.13 mM, respectively). Complex 1 was particularly sensitive to neutron irradiation in A2780cisR cells (2.6 more potent after irradiation compared to non-irradiation). Although less potent, the encapsulated complex 1 as RuMs nanoparticles resulted in higher cellular accumulation (2.5 ), and was sensitive to neutron irradiation in A2780 cells (1.4 more potent upon irradiation compared to non-irradiation). / We thank the Leverhulme Trust (Early Career Fellowship No. ECF-2013-414 to NPEB), the University of Warwick (Grant No. RD14102 to NPEB), the University of Birmingham/EPSRC Follow-on- Fund (Grant No UOBFOF026 to BP), the ERC (Grant No. 247450 to PJS), EPSRC (EP/F034210/1 to PJS).

Diante da extensa utilização de fármacos associados às soluções parenterais de grande volume (SPGV) e muitas vezes da impossibilidade da administração dos mesmos em diferentes veículos de infusão, sejam pela perda da estabilidade ou por insolubilidade destes, a utilização de copolímeros como carreadores de fármacos vêm a favorecer a associação destes às SPGV. Este trabalho visa avaliar a estabilidade dos fármacos ceftazidima e aminofilina nas SPGV carreados pelo copolímero Pluronic® F68 e o estudo da GFP como potencial biossensor da estabilidade de fármacos nas SPGV. A estabilidade dos fármacos ceftazidima (320ug/mL) e aminofilina (160ug/mL) em SPGV foi avaliada, na presença e na ausência de Pluronic® F68, através da utilização de HPLC logo após preparo e após período de 24hs, usando sistema Schimadzu LC10, LC-solution software, Schimadzu C18, fluxo 0,5mL/min, detecção em λ=255nm (ceftazidima) e λ=275nm (aminofilina), volume de injeção 20uL, 25ºC. A determinação da concentração mínima inibitória (CMI) foi realizada em amostras de ceftazidima (240ug/mL) na presença e na ausência de Pluronic® em SPGV de 5% glicose usando E. coli ATCC 25922 e P.eruginosa ATCC 9721 na concentração de 106UFC/mL . Pluronic® F68 foi utilizado nas amostras para avaliação da estabilidade dos fármacos ceftazidima e aminofilina na concentração 10% m/m. Resultados mostraram uma incompatibilidade entre a associação dos fármacos em SPGV de 5% glicose, com perda de concentração de 25% do fármaco ceftazidima na ausência de Pluronic®. Nos ensaios de CMI realizados com fármaco ceftazidima em SPGV de 5% glicose observou-se uma melhora dos valores de CMI quando o fármaco foi associado ao copolímero Pluronic® para ambos os microrganismos estudados. O estudo da GFP mostrou que fatores como (i) as propriedades físico-químicas dos fármacos, (ii) valores de pH das soluções e (iii) interações entre a proteína e as SPGV, podem favorecer mudanças de intensidade de fluorescência da GFP (determinada em espectrofluorímetro λex=394nm, λem=509nm), favorecendo seu potencial emprego como biossensor da estabilidade de fármacos. / Drug association administered through parenteral solutions is a common hospital practice. Copolymers as carriers in parenteral solutions may allow originally unstable or insoluble drug combinations, or even improve their action. The aim of this work was to evaluate the stability of ceftazidime and aminophylline in parenteral solutions carried by Pluronic® F68, besides the application of the green fluorescent protein as a biossensor of drug stability. To evaluate the stability of ceftazidime (320 µg/mL) and aminophylline (160 µg/mL) carried by Pluronic® F68 (10%) in parenteral solutions, HPLC measurements were made immediately after the drug mixture preparation and after 24 hours, detected at λ=255nm (ceftazidime) and λ=275nm (aminophylline). In addition, minimal inhibitory concentration test (MIC) was used to determine the biological activity of ceftazidime (240 µg/mL) in 5% glucose parenteral solution, with or without Pluronic® F68 (10%). The strains tested by MIC were E. coli ATCC 25922 and P.aeruginosa ATCC 9721 (106UFC/mL). The HPLC experiments showed incompatibility of ceftazidime and aminophylline associated in 5% glucose parenteral solution, with 25% loss for ceftazidime without Pluronic® F68. MIC analysis for ceftazidime, with or without aminophylline, showed that lower antibiotic concentration values were required to inhibit E. coli and P.aeruginosa growth, when the copolymer Pluronic® F68 was present in the samples. It was also showed that physical chemical drugs alterations, pH values and protein-parenteral solution interactions can change GFP fluorescence intensity (detected by espectrofluorimeter λex=394nm, λem=509nm). These data endorse the potential of this protein as a biosensor of drug stability in parenteral solutions.

Novos tipos de sílicas mesoporosas esféricas (SMEs) com tamanho de partícula entre 3 e 10 µm foram sintetizadas utilizando os copolímeros tribloco EO17PO60EO17 (P103) ou EO26PO39EO26 (P85) como direcionadores de estrutura. As SMEs foram preparadas via um processo de síntese com duas etapas de tratamento hidrotérmico (TH) em forno convencional, utilizando o ortosilicato de tetraetila como fonte de sílica, os surfatantes P103 ou P85 como moldes em combinação com o co-surfatante brometo de cetiltrimetilamônio (CTAB) e o co-solvente etanol, sob condições ácidas. As SMEs obtidas foram caracterizadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e medidas de adsorção/dessorção de N2. O volume e o tamanho do poro das SMEs podem ser aumentados com o aumento da temperatura do TH. O volume e o tamanho do poro (0,41 cm3g-1; 2,84 nm) da amostra sintetizada com P103 aumentaram (1,20 cm3g-1; 4,32 nm) quando a temperatura do TH aumentou de 80°C para 120°C na segunda etapa do TH. O aumento do volume e do tamanho de poro também pode ser obtido utilizando um único tratamento hidrotérmico, porém empregando 1,3,5-trimetilbenzeno (TMB) como agente dilatador de poros. O volume e o tamanho do poro (0,34 cm3g-1; 2,02 nm) da amostra sintetizada com P85 sem TMB aumentaram (0,37 cm3g-1; 2,51 nm) na amostra preparada com P85 e TMB. As características texturais e de superfície dos materiais obtidos com P103 e P85 foram comparadas com um material sintetizado em paralelo, nas mesmas condições experimentais, utilizando o copolímero EO20PO70EO20 (P123) como direcionador de estrutura e CTAB como co-surfatante. A SME sintetizada com P103 foi usada como adsorvente de compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs) oriundos de misturas padrões. Os componentes da mistura padrão foram então removidos do adsorvente (sílica) por dessorção térmica e introduzidos em uma coluna cromatográfica para separação por cromatografia a gás (CG) e identificação por espectrometria de massa (EM). Esta SME foi também testada como adsorvente de uma amostra de ar coletada em uma rua com significativo fluxo de veículos. O ar foi coletado paralelamente na SME e num adsorvente comercial (Tenax TA/Carbotrap). Os compostos n-hexano, benzeno, tolueno e o-xileno, oriundos de emissões veiculares, foram encontrados em ambos adsorventes (sílica e Tenax TA/Carbotrap). O fármaco Rifampicina foi encapsulado numa SME sintetizada com P123/CTAB e na sílica SBA-15 (poros ordenados hexagonalmente). A encapsulação do fármaco (cerca de 30%) em ambas as sílicas foi confirmada pelos resultados de adsorção/dessorção de N2. / New types of mesoporous silica spheres with particle diameter of 3 - 10 µm were synthesized by using a triblock copolymer EO17PO60EO17 (P103) or EO26PO39EO26 (P85) as templates. The microspheres were prepared via a two-step hydrothermal treatment (HT) in an oven by using tetraethoxysilane as silica source, the surfactants P103 or P85 as templates in combination with a cosurfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and a cosolvent ethanol, under acidic conditions. The obtained silica spheres in both procedures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N2 sorption technique. The volume and the pore size of the silica spheres can become greater by increasing the temperature of the HT. The volume and the pore size (0.41 cm3g-1; 2.84 nm) of the sample prepared with P103 became greater (1.20 cm3g-1; 4.32 nm) when the temperature of HT increased by 80°C to 120°C in the second step of the HT. The volume and the pore size can also be increased using 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) as a swelling agent, instead of raising the temperature of the HT. The volume and the pore size (0.34 cm3g-1; 2.02 nm) of the sample prepared with P85 without TMB became greater (0.37 cm3g-1; 2.51 nm) in the sample prepared with P85 and TMB. The characteristics of textures and surfaces of the materials synthesized by using P103 or P85 were compared with a material prepared with the copolymer EO20PO70EO20 (P123) as template using the same experimental conditions. The silica microspheres synthesized with P103 were used as adsorbents for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from standard mixtures. The compounds of the standard mixture were then removed from the adsorbent (silica) by thermal desorption and introduced into a chromatographic column for separation by gas chromatography (GC) and identification by mass spectrometry (MS). This material was also used as adsorbent of an air sample collected on a street with a significant flow of motor vehicles. The air was collected on the silica and on a commercial adsorbent (Tenax TA/Carbotrap) one by one. The compounds n-hexane, benzene, toluene and o-xylene, resulted from the emissions from vehicles, were found in both adsorbents (silica and Tenax TA/Carbotrap). The drug Rifampicin was encapsulated in the mesoporous spherical silica, prepared with P123/CTAB and in the silica SBA-15 (hexagonally ordered pores). The encapsulation of the drug (about 30%) in both the silica was confirmed by measurements of adsorption/desorption of N2

Novos tipos de sílicas mesoporosas esféricas (SMEs) com tamanho de partícula entre 3 e 10 µm foram sintetizadas utilizando os copolímeros tribloco EO17PO60EO17 (P103) ou EO26PO39EO26 (P85) como direcionadores de estrutura. As SMEs foram preparadas via um processo de síntese com duas etapas de tratamento hidrotérmico (TH) em forno convencional, utilizando o ortosilicato de tetraetila como fonte de sílica, os surfatantes P103 ou P85 como moldes em combinação com o co-surfatante brometo de cetiltrimetilamônio (CTAB) e o co-solvente etanol, sob condições ácidas. As SMEs obtidas foram caracterizadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e medidas de adsorção/dessorção de N2. O volume e o tamanho do poro das SMEs podem ser aumentados com o aumento da temperatura do TH. O volume e o tamanho do poro (0,41 cm3g-1; 2,84 nm) da amostra sintetizada com P103 aumentaram (1,20 cm3g-1; 4,32 nm) quando a temperatura do TH aumentou de 80°C para 120°C na segunda etapa do TH. O aumento do volume e do tamanho de poro também pode ser obtido utilizando um único tratamento hidrotérmico, porém empregando 1,3,5-trimetilbenzeno (TMB) como agente dilatador de poros. O volume e o tamanho do poro (0,34 cm3g-1; 2,02 nm) da amostra sintetizada com P85 sem TMB aumentaram (0,37 cm3g-1; 2,51 nm) na amostra preparada com P85 e TMB. As características texturais e de superfície dos materiais obtidos com P103 e P85 foram comparadas com um material sintetizado em paralelo, nas mesmas condições experimentais, utilizando o copolímero EO20PO70EO20 (P123) como direcionador de estrutura e CTAB como co-surfatante. A SME sintetizada com P103 foi usada como adsorvente de compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs) oriundos de misturas padrões. Os componentes da mistura padrão foram então removidos do adsorvente (sílica) por dessorção térmica e introduzidos em uma coluna cromatográfica para separação por cromatografia a gás (CG) e identificação por espectrometria de massa (EM). Esta SME foi também testada como adsorvente de uma amostra de ar coletada em uma rua com significativo fluxo de veículos. O ar foi coletado paralelamente na SME e num adsorvente comercial (Tenax TA/Carbotrap). Os compostos n-hexano, benzeno, tolueno e o-xileno, oriundos de emissões veiculares, foram encontrados em ambos adsorventes (sílica e Tenax TA/Carbotrap). O fármaco Rifampicina foi encapsulado numa SME sintetizada com P123/CTAB e na sílica SBA-15 (poros ordenados hexagonalmente). A encapsulação do fármaco (cerca de 30%) em ambas as sílicas foi confirmada pelos resultados de adsorção/dessorção de N2. / New types of mesoporous silica spheres with particle diameter of 3 - 10 µm were synthesized by using a triblock copolymer EO17PO60EO17 (P103) or EO26PO39EO26 (P85) as templates. The microspheres were prepared via a two-step hydrothermal treatment (HT) in an oven by using tetraethoxysilane as silica source, the surfactants P103 or P85 as templates in combination with a cosurfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and a cosolvent ethanol, under acidic conditions. The obtained silica spheres in both procedures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N2 sorption technique. The volume and the pore size of the silica spheres can become greater by increasing the temperature of the HT. The volume and the pore size (0.41 cm3g-1; 2.84 nm) of the sample prepared with P103 became greater (1.20 cm3g-1; 4.32 nm) when the temperature of HT increased by 80°C to 120°C in the second step of the HT. The volume and the pore size can also be increased using 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) as a swelling agent, instead of raising the temperature of the HT. The volume and the pore size (0.34 cm3g-1; 2.02 nm) of the sample prepared with P85 without TMB became greater (0.37 cm3g-1; 2.51 nm) in the sample prepared with P85 and TMB. The characteristics of textures and surfaces of the materials synthesized by using P103 or P85 were compared with a material prepared with the copolymer EO20PO70EO20 (P123) as template using the same experimental conditions. The silica microspheres synthesized with P103 were used as adsorbents for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from standard mixtures. The compounds of the standard mixture were then removed from the adsorbent (silica) by thermal desorption and introduced into a chromatographic column for separation by gas chromatography (GC) and identification by mass spectrometry (MS). This material was also used as adsorbent of an air sample collected on a street with a significant flow of motor vehicles. The air was collected on the silica and on a commercial adsorbent (Tenax TA/Carbotrap) one by one. The compounds n-hexane, benzene, toluene and o-xylene, resulted from the emissions from vehicles, were found in both adsorbents (silica and Tenax TA/Carbotrap). The drug Rifampicin was encapsulated in the mesoporous spherical silica, prepared with P123/CTAB and in the silica SBA-15 (hexagonally ordered pores). The encapsulation of the drug (about 30%) in both the silica was confirmed by measurements of adsorption/desorption of N2

Diante da extensa utilização de fármacos associados às soluções parenterais de grande volume (SPGV) e muitas vezes da impossibilidade da administração dos mesmos em diferentes veículos de infusão, sejam pela perda da estabilidade ou por insolubilidade destes, a utilização de copolímeros como carreadores de fármacos vêm a favorecer a associação destes às SPGV. Este trabalho visa avaliar a estabilidade dos fármacos ceftazidima e aminofilina nas SPGV carreados pelo copolímero Pluronic® F68 e o estudo da GFP como potencial biossensor da estabilidade de fármacos nas SPGV. A estabilidade dos fármacos ceftazidima (320ug/mL) e aminofilina (160ug/mL) em SPGV foi avaliada, na presença e na ausência de Pluronic® F68, através da utilização de HPLC logo após preparo e após período de 24hs, usando sistema Schimadzu LC10, LC-solution software, Schimadzu C18, fluxo 0,5mL/min, detecção em λ=255nm (ceftazidima) e λ=275nm (aminofilina), volume de injeção 20uL, 25ºC. A determinação da concentração mínima inibitória (CMI) foi realizada em amostras de ceftazidima (240ug/mL) na presença e na ausência de Pluronic® em SPGV de 5% glicose usando E. coli ATCC 25922 e P.eruginosa ATCC 9721 na concentração de 106UFC/mL . Pluronic® F68 foi utilizado nas amostras para avaliação da estabilidade dos fármacos ceftazidima e aminofilina na concentração 10% m/m. Resultados mostraram uma incompatibilidade entre a associação dos fármacos em SPGV de 5% glicose, com perda de concentração de 25% do fármaco ceftazidima na ausência de Pluronic®. Nos ensaios de CMI realizados com fármaco ceftazidima em SPGV de 5% glicose observou-se uma melhora dos valores de CMI quando o fármaco foi associado ao copolímero Pluronic® para ambos os microrganismos estudados. O estudo da GFP mostrou que fatores como (i) as propriedades físico-químicas dos fármacos, (ii) valores de pH das soluções e (iii) interações entre a proteína e as SPGV, podem favorecer mudanças de intensidade de fluorescência da GFP (determinada em espectrofluorímetro λex=394nm, λem=509nm), favorecendo seu potencial emprego como biossensor da estabilidade de fármacos. / Drug association administered through parenteral solutions is a common hospital practice. Copolymers as carriers in parenteral solutions may allow originally unstable or insoluble drug combinations, or even improve their action. The aim of this work was to evaluate the stability of ceftazidime and aminophylline in parenteral solutions carried by Pluronic® F68, besides the application of the green fluorescent protein as a biossensor of drug stability. To evaluate the stability of ceftazidime (320 µg/mL) and aminophylline (160 µg/mL) carried by Pluronic® F68 (10%) in parenteral solutions, HPLC measurements were made immediately after the drug mixture preparation and after 24 hours, detected at λ=255nm (ceftazidime) and λ=275nm (aminophylline). In addition, minimal inhibitory concentration test (MIC) was used to determine the biological activity of ceftazidime (240 µg/mL) in 5% glucose parenteral solution, with or without Pluronic® F68 (10%). The strains tested by MIC were E. coli ATCC 25922 and P.aeruginosa ATCC 9721 (106UFC/mL). The HPLC experiments showed incompatibility of ceftazidime and aminophylline associated in 5% glucose parenteral solution, with 25% loss for ceftazidime without Pluronic® F68. MIC analysis for ceftazidime, with or without aminophylline, showed that lower antibiotic concentration values were required to inhibit E. coli and P.aeruginosa growth, when the copolymer Pluronic® F68 was present in the samples. It was also showed that physical chemical drugs alterations, pH values and protein-parenteral solution interactions can change GFP fluorescence intensity (detected by espectrofluorimeter λex=394nm, λem=509nm). These data endorse the potential of this protein as a biosensor of drug stability in parenteral solutions.

Le développement de nanomédicaments pour l'imagerie et le traitement du cancer a suscité un intérêt croissant à cause de leur grand potentiel. En particulier les vecteurs à base de polymères et de micelles polymères sont très intéressants, car ils peuvent être conçus avec des fonctionnalités adaptées aux besoins.Nous avons utilisé des copolymères amphiphiles triséquencés pour développer de nouveaux nanovecteurs moléculaires (unimères) et supramoléculaires (micelles stabilisées par photo- réticulation). Nous les avons fonctionnalisés avec un marqueur fluorescent ou radioactif pour permettre leur imagerie in vitro et in vivo. Les interactions in vitro et in vivo ont été étudiées pour comprendre l'influence des propriétés des copolymères sur les interactions biologiques.Cette thèse présente le développement complet de nanovecteurs depuis les premières étapes de la caractérisation physico-chimique fondamentale jusqu'à l'évaluation de leur intérêt pour différentes applications cliniques. / The interest in developing new nanocarriers for imaging and therapy of cancer has been growing due to their high potential. Particularly nanocarriers based on polymers and polymeric micelles are very interesting because they can be tailor-made with certain functionalities to meet our needs.We have used amphiphilic triblock copolymers to develop new molecular (unimers) and supramolecular (micelles stabilized by photo cross-linking) nanocarriers. The carriers were then functionalized with fluorescent or radioactive markers to enable their in vitro and in vivo imaging. The in vitro and in vivo interactions were then studied to understand the influence of the copolymers properties on the biological interactions.This thesis presents the complete development of the nanocarriers from the early stages of fundamental physicochemical characterization up to the evaluation of their interest for different clinical applications

Au cours de cette étude, nous avons approfondi nos connaissances concernant l’effet des conditions de culture sur la quantité et la qualité d’une protéine recombinante produite par des cellules CHO. En particulier, nous avons étudié l’influence de 3 composés (citrate de fer, pluronic F-68 et éthanolamine) présents dans le milieu BDM mais absent du milieu RPMI avec sérum (FCS-RPMI) sur la croissance des cellules CHO, la production de l’interféron-gamma humain recombinant (IFN-γ) ainsi que sa qualité. L’ajout de pluronic F-68 (0,1%) et de citrate de fer (500 µM) dans le milieu RPMI sans sérum a permis d’obtenir une croissance cellulaire comparable à celle obtenue avec le milieu FCS-RPMI. Par ailleurs, dans ces conditions de culture, la production de l’IFN-g est également augmentée. L’ajout de citrate de fer dans le milieu FCS-RPMI permet non seulement d’améliorer la croissance des cellules CHO mais également la production de l’IFN-γ. Avec le milieu FCS-RPMI, la macrohétérogénéité de la glycosylation de l’IFN-γ change au cours du procédé discontinu, cette dernière est maintenue constante uniquement lorsque du citrate de fer est ajouté à ce même milieu de culture. En outre, des activités gélatinase et caséinase appartenant aux familles des métalloprotéases et des protéases à sérine ont été mises en évidence au cours des cultures de cellules CHO. Quel que soit le milieu utilisé (RPMI, BDM avec ou sans sérum), l’ajout de citrate de fer permet de maîtriser et d’éviter la protéolyse de l’IFN-γ. Enfin, la relation entre le degré de glycosylation macroscopique de l’IFN- γ et son activité biologique (immunomodulatrice) in-vitro a été établie / In this study, we characterized the effect of culture conditions on the quantity and the quality of a recombinant protein, IFN-γ, produced by CHO cells. In particular, we studied the effect of 3 components (iron citrate, pluronic F-68 and ethanolamine) that are present in the BDM medium, but completely lacking in RPMI serum medium (FCS-RPMI) on CHO cell growth, as well as the production and quality of recombinant IFN-γ.The addition of Pluronic F-68 (0.1%) and iron citrate (500 µM) in RPMI without serum resulted in growth kinetic performances similar to those observed in FCS-RPMI. Furthermore, in these culture conditions, IFN- γ production was improved. Addition of iron citrate in FCS-RPMI improved cell growth, as well as IFN-γ production. Whereas the glycosylation pattern of recombinant IFN-γ produced by CHO cells was not constant when the culture was performed in FCS-RPMI, the glycosylation pattern of IFN-γ remained constant when iron citrate was added in the medium. In addition, gelatinase and caseinase enzymatic activities in CHO batch cultures were detected, due most likely to enzymes of the metalloproteases and serine protease families. Despite the type of medium used (RPMI, BDM with or without serum), addition of iron citrate minimized IFN-g proteolysis. Finally, the relationship between the macroglycosylation pattern of IFN-g and its in-vitro biological (immunomodulatory) activity was demonstrated