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<p>Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a chlorinated flame retardant used in wire coatings, furniture and hard plastic connectors in computer monitors. It is manufactured in high volumes with production facilities located in the United States and China bringing into question whether the flame retardant existed in the environment. DP was detected in Lake Ontario sediments at concentrations 60-fold greater than in Lake Erie sediments; the maximum values were 586 ng g^-1 and 8.6 ng g^-1, respectively. These data suggest there is DP source into the Niagara River, which contributed to Lake Ontario’s DP burden. Analyses of Lake Ontario sediment core slices showed that recent concentrations were two orders of magnitude less than the core’s maximum concentration of 920 ng g^-1 (1976-1980). New chemicals related to DP were also found in this core which DP’s profile, suggesting these compounds maybe impurities or side products in the manufacture of DP. The concentrations of one of the mono Diels-Alder adducts, 1,3-DPMA, was found in Lake Ontario lake trout to be two orders of magnitude greater than that of DP, suggesting the monoadduct is more bioaccumulative than DP. Analysis of a Lake Ontario food web illustrated that 1,3-DPMA was being diluted up the food chain, much like DP, while a second monoadduct, 1,5-DPMA was only detected in lower trophic species. <em>In vitro</em> lake trout liver microsomal exposures to the individual DPMA isomers showed that the depletion rate constant for 1,3- and 1,5-DPMA were 0.34 and 0.84 h^-1, respectively, with corresponding t_1/2’s of 2.02 ± 0.50 and 0.83 ± 0.18 h, respectively. The shorter 1,5-DPMA half-life was ascribed to the unsterically hindered double bond which allowed for greater enzyme attack.</p> <p>Dechlorination of DP was observed during the analysis of sediment extracts and was attributed as being an artefact of dirty injector liners; care needs to be taken to insure this dechlorination does not occur during analysis of environmental samples. This was important as dechlorinated DP products were observed in Lake Ontario sediment and core extracts.</p> <p>DP was shown to be a worldwide airborne contaminant from analysis of passive samplers over a period of one year. The maximum concentration was detected in Delhi, India (226 pg m^-3). Middle Eastern and Indo-Asian regions exhibited the greatest concentrations in the world providing likely the result of other DP manufactures and/or that the practice of open pit burning of wires and cables was adding to the regions air burden.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Purpose: The purpose of this paper to analyze whether there is any connection between the brand identity of four Swedish fashion companies and their lack of a comprehensive size range for women.  Both primary and secondary data has been the basis of this paper. A theoretical framework using brand identity and STP models was created with the help of secondary data.  Limitations: The choice to investigate four case companies limits the ability to generalize the results. In order to reach a comprehensive industry understanding, additional case companies would be needed.   Method: The study is based on deductive approach with qualitative research. In the deductive approach, the researcher uses existing theoretical models within brand identity and the STP process to help analyze the empirical data and draw conclusions.   Results: The results show that the cost of producing a narrower range of clothing is the main reason why the companies do not offer larger clothing sizes for women. The second factor, according to three of the four companies, is that it is technically difficulty to simply increase the size of clothing, and would require specialist knowledge to adapt the designs. Two of the four companies see some connection between brand identity and the lack of a comprehensive size range, but view this not as a decisive factor but rather, an influencing factor. / Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att utifrån fyra svenska modebolags perspektiv analysera om det finns något samband mellan deras varumärkesidentitet och dess avsaknad av heltäckande storleksutbud för kvinnor. Både primär och sekundär data har legat till grund för denna studie. Med hjälp av sekundära data har den teoretiska referensramen, som använder varumärkesidentitet och STP-modellen, skapats.   Avgränsning: Valet att undersöka fyra fallföretag utgör ingen generaliserbarhet. För det behövs undersökning av ytterligare flera fallföretag genomföras. På så sätt kan en generell branschförståelse fås.   Metod: Studien utgår från en deduktiv ansats med en kvalitativ forskningsmetod. I den deduktiva ansatsen kommer forskaren använda sig av befintliga teoretiska modeller inom varumärkesidentitet och STP processen som hjälp för att analysera data i empirin och dra slutsatser.   Resultat: För de undersökta bolagen visar resultatet att kostnaden för produktion av mindre klädvolymer är den främsta anledningen till det avvägande man gjort om att inte erbjuda större klädstorlekar till kvinnor. Den andra faktorn är enligt tre av fyra bolag att man ser en svårighet designtekniskt att bara öka upp storleken vilket gör att det krävs specialistkunskap för att hantera större kläddesign. Sen ser två av fyra bolag ett visst samband mellan varumärkesidentiteten och det bristande heltäckande storleksutbudet, inte som en avgörande faktor men som en påverkande faktor.

La mobilité est un aspect important des sociétés modernes. Par conséquent, il y a une demande croissante pour des solutions informatiques de calcul d'itinéraire. Dans cette thèse, le routage multimodal et le système Dial-a-Ride sont étudiés. Ils contribuent à une utilisation plus efficace de l'infrastructure de transport disponible, élément déterminant dans la perspective d'un développement durable. La planification d'itinéraires multimodaux est rendus complexe en raison des différents modes de transport qui doivent être combinés. Une généralisation de l'algorithme de Dijkstra peut être utilisée pour trouver les chemins les plus courts sur un réseau multimodal. Cependant, sa performance n'est pas suffisante pour les applications industrielles. De ce fait, cette thèse introduit un nouvel algorithme appelé SDALT. Il s'agit d'une adaptation de la technique d'accélération ALT. Pour évaluer la performance de SDALT, un graphe a été construit à partir d'un réseau multimodal réel basé sur les données de transport de la région française Ile-de-France. Il inclut la marche, les transports en commun, la voiture, la bicyclette ainsi que des informations relative aux horaires les horaires et les conditions de circulation. Les tests de performance montrent que SDALT fonctionne bien, avec un temps de calcul réduit d'un facteur compris entre 1,5 et 60 par rapport à l'algorithme de base. Dans un contexte multimodal autre la question de la détermination du chemin le plus court, se pose celle de trouver un chemin aller-retour multimodal optimal entre un point de départ et un point d'arrivée. Un véhicule privé (voiture ou bicyclette) utilisé pour une première partie du trajet aller doit être récupéré au cours du trajet retour pour être ramené au point de départ. Pour cette raison, le parking doit être choisi de manière à optimiser les temps de déplacement du trajet aller et du trajet retour combinés. L'algorithme qui est proposé ici résout ce problème plus rapidement que les techniques actuelles. Le système Dial-a-Ride offre aux passagers le confort et la flexibilité des voitures privées et des taxis à un moindre coût et avec plus d'éco-efficacité car il regroupe les demandes de transport similaires. Il fonctionne de la manière suivante: les passagers demandent le service en appelant un opérateur. Ils communiquent leur point de départ, leur point de destination, le nombre de passagers, et quelques précisions sur les horaires de service. Un algorithme calcule ensuite les itinéraires et les horaires des véhicules. Cette thèse propose une nouvelle heuristique efficace et rapide de type Granular Tabu Search, capable de produire de bonnes solutions dans des délais courts (jusqu'à 3 minutes). Comparativement aux autres méthodes, et au regard des instances de test de la littérature, cet algorithme donne de bons résultats.

Recently, several spectrometers for small volume measurements in order of microliter have been introduced. They are primarily intended for protein determination (or determination of proteins and nucleic acids in one measurement) by direct spectrophotometry or other spectral methods. One of such instruments is the NanoVueTM Plus (GE Healthcare). In this work, we first tried to characterize the instrument in general terms (stability) and to optimize measurement condititions (sample volume). Proteins have been determined by direct spectrophotometry using internal programs of the instrument, data were controlled by an independent computation. We studied also influence of differences in composition of various proteins on the results. According to the results of this Thesis, the most accurate values could be obtained using the internal program E 1%, using the E 1% value from an experiment. On the other hand, the program Protein UV is producing often inaccurate values, strongly infleunced by the protein amino acid composition. Keywords: protein determination, spectrophotometer NanoVueTM Plus, influence of amino acid composition

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-11-12T15:52:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovani Bisolo_.pdf: 1274897 bytes, checksum: a33f65812348a6d5c4673cc3ca5b2d40 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T15:52:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovani Bisolo_.pdf: 1274897 bytes, checksum: a33f65812348a6d5c4673cc3ca5b2d40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-03 / Nenhuma / Este estudo tem como finalidade avaliar por simulação computacional a influência das caraterísticas construtivas e da orientação no seu desempenho térmico de uma unidade habitacional na Zona Bioclimática 2, pela Norma NBR 15575 e pelo método de graus hora, com o intuito de compreender como essas diretrizes tratam o desempenho da edificação. Para isso, foi pesquisado dados sobre a caracterização climática e as estratégicas construtivas para a Zona Bioclimática 2. O objeto tema deste estudo foi um projeto de edifício residencial com quatro pavimentos, com disposição que permitiu avaliar tanto o desempenho térmico dos dormitórios voltados para todas as fachadas, quanto a avaliação dos cômodos com abertura para oeste e sul, conforme exigência da NBR 15575. Para a comparação do método da NBR foram escolhidos 4 dias de verão, e 4 dias de inverno. Já para comparação de desempenho térmico pelo método de graus-hora foram utilizadas todas as horas do ano. Para esse estudo, a temperatura base para o cálculo de graus-hora de resfriamento foi de 26ªC e a temperatura base para o cálculo de graus-hora de aquecimento foi de 18ªC. Percebe-se que a temperatura no interior das unidades habitacionais foi melhor às do ambiente externo, conforme critérios da NBR 15575-1, para todos os ambientes de permanência prolongada. Sendo que, para a condição de verão foi considerado o valor máximo diário da temperatura do ar interior e para a condição de inverno, foi considerado o valor mínimo diário da temperatura do ar interior, ambos para ambientes de permanência prolongada (salas e dormitórios). Os resultados das simulações avaliados pelos critérios da NBR 15575, indicam que, as vedações verticais com blocos de concreto ou blocos cerâmicos, podem ter níveis mínimos, intermediários e superiores, ou até mesmo, não atender a norma, dependendo da escolha do dia típico para a análise. Os resultados simulados com carga térmica pelo método graus-hora, demostram que o desempenho térmico piora no verão e melhora no inverno, isso demostra que as edificações habitadas e com o uso de equipamentos, o desempenho térmico pode ser influenciado. Ao final o estudo pode concluir que a simplificação do método da norma pode alterar a classificação de desempenho térmico do edifício quando indica somente uma renovação de ar por hora ou quando não permite a inclusão de carga térmica, assim como a simplificação do tempo de simulação para apenas um dia de inverno e um dia de verão, pois não há um parâmetro de escolha para as cidades que não estão listadas na norma. Assim sendo, entende-se que a análise do desempenho térmico de um edifício precisa ser elaborado para o ano todo. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate by computational simulation the influence of the constructive characteristics and the orientation in its thermal performance of a housing unit in the Bioclimatic Zone 2, by the norm NBR 15575 and the hour degrees method, in order to understand how these guidelines deal the performance of the building. For this, data on the climatic characterization and the constructive strategies for the Bioclimatic Zone 2 were investigated. The object of this study was a residential building project with four floors, with disposition that allowed to evaluate both the thermal performance of the dormitories facing all the as regards the evaluation of the rooms with opening to the west and south, as required by NBR 15575. For the comparison of the NBR method, 4 days of summer and 4 days of winter were chosen. For comparison of thermal performance by the degree-hour method, all the hours of the year were used. For this study, the base temperature for calculating degree-hours of cooling was 26 ° C and the base temperature for calculating degree-hours of heating was 18 ° C. It can be noticed that the temperature inside the dwelling units was better than those of the external environment, according to the criteria of NBR 15575-1, for all the environments of prolonged residence. For the summer condition, the daily maximum value of the indoor air temperature and for the winter condition were considered, the minimum daily value of the indoor air temperature was considered, both for long stay environments (rooms and dormitories). The results of the simulations evaluated by the criteria of NBR 15575 indicate that vertical fences with concrete blocks or ceramic blocks may have minimum, intermediate and higher levels, or even do not meet the standard, depending on the choice of the typical day for the analysis. The simulated results with thermal load by the degree-hour method, show that thermal performance worsens in summer and winter improves, this shows that inhabited buildings and with the use of equipment, thermal performance can be influenced. At the end of the study, it can be concluded that the simplification of the method of the standard can alter the classification of thermal performance of the building when it indicates only a renewal of air per hour or when it does not allow the inclusion of thermal load, as well as the simplification of the simulation time for only a winter day and a summer day, as there is no parameter of choice for cities that are not listed in the standard. Therefore, it is understood that the analysis of the thermal performance of a building must be elaborated for the whole year.

Bibliography: leaves 173-184. This thesis describes Visor++, a tool for visualising programs written in CC++, a task-parallel, object-orientated language derived from C++. Visor++ provides a framework of visualising task-parallel object-orientated programs in the absence of language support for visualisation, i.e. for programs such as CC++ which are written in languages which are not "visualisation-conscious". The development of techniques using a wide selection of language features are described and the effectiveness testified by experimentation.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:46:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1359899 bytes, checksum: b6f2dbe090ba76bbd7768d92cd30d0e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The relationship which has been established in the cyberculture between companies and their audience has been characterized as a communicational phenomenon redesigned from the practices provided by cyberculture, as well as by the process of mediatization. More than a relation of products and services purchase and sale, marketing relationship in contemporary communication presents itself as a long term and intense relationship between participants. Now companies constant search for profits results in concerns about communication flows, with the participation of consumers and, consequentely, with the relationship with their consumers. This situation happens due to the release of the emission, connection and world conversation, considered as the principles of cyberculture, which have allowed marketing relationships in the web as a trend in digital medias, which, in turn, appeal to the inclusion of brands as lovemarks . Nike Plus project, case studied in this work, represents these phenomena by enhancing the exchange of information, the interaction and the affective involvement between company and participant consumers. By relating consumerism and cybercultural communication with marketing relationship, we aim at understanding the benefits for the parties involved and the implicit conditions in this relationship, besides identifying in which ways and aspects Nike Plus is included in relation to companies and its audience. Thus, studies about mediatization (practices which mediatize society s daily life and expand media performance by creating a new environment) are essential to contextualizing the present culture of participation, which, in turn, implies in a broader performance rather than mere consumerism of communication contents by consumers. For these reasons, there is a change in the relationship established with the companies, as well as with the own consumerism culture. Based on this perspective, we focus on Nike Plus case study, as an evidence of a phenomenon which has gained momentum in cyberculture, by representing the comtemporary settings of communication and consumerism. / O relacionamento praticado na cibercultura entre empresas e seus públicos vem se destacando como um fenômeno comunicacional que foi reconfigurado a partir das práticas proporcionadas pela cibercultura, bem como pelo processo de midiatização. Mais do uma relação de compra e venda de produtos e serviços, o relacionamento mercadológico apresenta-se na comunicação contemporânea como uma relação duradoura e intensa entre os participantes. A busca constante pelo lucro por parte das empresas implica que haja a preocupação com os fluxos de comunicação, com a participação dos consumidores e, consequentemente, com o relacionamento com os mesmos. Isto porque a liberação da emissão, a conexão e a conversação mundial, considerados os princípios da cibercultura, têm permitido que os relacionamentos mercadológicos que ocorrem na rede se apresentem como uma tendência das mídias digitais, que apelam para a inserção das marcas como lovemarks. O projeto Nike Plus, estudo de caso deste trabalho, representa estes fenômenos ao potencializar a troca de informações, a interação e o envolvimento afetivo entre a empresa e consumidores participantes. Ao relacionar o consumo e a comunicação na cibercultura ao relacionamento mercadológico, objetivamos compreender os benefícios para as partes envolvidas e as condições implícitas neste relacionamento, além de identificar de que forma e em que aspectos o Nike Plus se inclui na dinâmica cotidiana das empresas e dos seus públicos. Para isso, os estudos a respeito da midiatização (práticas que midiatizam o cotidiano da sociedade e que ampliam as atuações da mídia criando um novo ambiente) são fundamentais para contextualizar a atual cultura da participação, o que, por sua vez, implica em uma atuação mais ampla do que o mero consumo de conteúdos comunicacionais por parte dos consumidores. Esse fato altera a relação estabelecida com as empresas, bem como com a própria cultura de consumo. Baseado nesta perspectiva, contemplamos o estudo de caso Nike Plus como um indício de um fenômeno que vem ganhando forças na cibercultura e que retrata as configurações da comunicação e do consumo contemporâneo.

The master thesis is focused on efficiency evaluation of company IN-EKO TEAM, s. r. o. The theoretical part contains the relevant information from professional publications, basic concepts are explained here and models supporting business management, business process modeling models, and models emphasizing self-evaluation are presented. The second part is an efficiency evaluation by using the selected START Plus model. The key part is the suggestion part in which measures will be proposed to improve the efficiency of examined subject.

Denna studie görs i samarbete med ett svenskt modeföretag som har upplevt problem med passformen av deras sport-bh:ar i storlekarna L-XL. Problemet som uppstår är att de större storlekarna inte ger tillräckligt med täckning över bysten. Graderingen på sport-bh:arna behövs därför studeras och en fungerande gradering tas fram för att uppnå önskad passform på sport-bh:arna över bysten. Två graderingsmetoder granskas och appliceras på ett mönster från företaget. Prototyper i storlek L och XL sys upp enligt dessa metoder för avprovning och de två resultaten jämförs sedan. Metoden som uppnådde bäst passform utvecklas därefter vidare och en plaggmåttlista med de olika skillnadsmåtten tas därefter fram. Resultatet visade att Johnsons metod uppnådde en bättre passform men att en justering vid axelbanden behövdes göras innan måttlistan kunde sammanställas. / This study was done in collaboration with a Swedish fashion company that has experienced problems with the fit of their sports bra in the sizes L-XL. The problem that arises is that the larger sizes do not provide enough coverage over the bust. The grading on the sports bra is therefore needed to be studied and a functional grading system needs to be produced to achieve the desired fit on the sports bra over the bust. Two grading methods are reviewed and applied to a pattern from the company. Prototypes in size L and XL are sewn according to these methods for fitting and the two results are then compared. The method that achieved the best fit is then developed further and a garment measurement list with the difference measurements is then manufactured. The result showed that Johnson's method achieved a better fit but that an adjustment to the shoulder straps was needed before the measurement list could be compiled.