Thesis (D. Min.)--New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, 2005. / Includes abstract and vita. "April 2005" Includes final project proposal. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-123, 56-69).

Diss. : Geisteswissenschaftliche Fakultät : Tübingen : 1981-82. - Bibliogr. p. 227-232. Index. -

This study focussed on the evaluation of the implementation of the South African Police Service sector policing in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. A mixed methods approach was used to gather, collect and analyse data for this study. The data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, focus groups discussions and a survey. The quantitative approach dominated in data collection, whilst the qualitative approach was used to corroborate the quantitative findings. For the quantitative approach, 265 questionnaires were administered to 121 volunteer participants targeting the station commanders, cluster commanders and sector commanders. A hundred and forty questionnaires were also administered to the Sector Crime Forum chairpersons who were selected using simple random sampling from 32 police stations. The sector commanders were used for in depth interviews. The rationale behind was that the sector commanders are playing a key role in the implementation of sector policing. Simple random sampling was used to select the participants. The study area was in the Eastern Cape, where the research sample and participants were drawn. The findings of the study indicated that although sector policing minimum standards have been achieved by many stations, the study found out that there are some stations that have not yet attained the policy goals in terms of optimal implementation of sector policing in the Eastern Cape Province. The study established that the farm and rural and remote police stations were not complying with the minimum standards laid down in the National Instruction 3/2009. The problem of non-compliance emanates from the shortages of resources. Further findings on this study were based on the experiences and challenges of the implementers of sector policing. The study found that there were challenges confronted by them in the implementation process. Although some of the participants were indicating their enjoying working closely with their communities, there were some major challenges that they experienced in the process of executing their duties. The results of the study indicate that resources were not adequate to ensure that this new policing strategy is properly executed. Another important finding which was identified by the study was the fact that sector policing, as a new policing strategy, was not adequately communicated and marketed for it to be accepted and to for it to achieve the necessary buy in from stakeholders. The study further established that training, development and capacity building were lacking to capacitate the implementers of the new policing strategy. Further, sector to sector collaboration was identified as another challenge by the study. Team work was very much limited. The study further revealed that command and control was not enhanced by the sector commanders in their sectors. The sector patrol reports were not available in the files and AVL reports were also not retrieved and monitored. The factors highlighted above have a negative bearing on the reduction of crime. Poor police visibility and stakeholder participation in crime prevention programmes are not reducing crime.

The thesis context is a Welsh innovation policy continuum. The research is primarily located in three innovation programmes representative of innovation policy in Wales. The representative programmes are: the Technium network; Innovation Network Partnership; and Communities First project. The Technium network is considered to be at the hard/tangible end of the policy continuum whilst Communities First is at the softer, more intangible pole of the continuum. The aim of this thesis is to ascertain the influence social capital may have upon levels of innovation across the innovation policy continuum. To achieve the aim, the existence and extent of forms of innovation, forms of social capital, and cooperation and collaboration are considered through a positivist and interpretivist analysis. The resultant data has been further exposed to a correlation analysis, undertaken to ascertain whether or not the presence and form of social capital has an association with forms of innovation. The three programmes each have a pan-Wales presence. The programmes all originate from Welsh Assembly Government innovation policy initiatives between 2001 and 2003. For each programme a case study has been produced. The case studies have been constructed using data from survey, interviews and participant observation. The survey was completed via an on-line questionnaire by representative individuals and groups from each innovation policy continuum programme. Further data was collected by interviews held with individuals representative of roles typically undertaken at each programme. Participant observation undertaken at each programme also informed the creation of the case studies. Literature in this field of study is typically limited to a comparatively narrow investigation of traditionally measured innovation. For social capital and cooperation and collaboration, research usually has a macro scale cynosure. This study has an innovation programme locale in Wales which may be considered unique in terms of innovation and social capital research. ii The findings reveal the existence of forms of innovation, social capital, and cooperation and collaboration at each case study. However, there are differences in terms of the extent of such phenomenon along the innovation policy continuum. For instance, there appears to be an increased likelihood of traditionally measured innovation at the Technium network. Social innovation is more likely to be present at the Communities First project. Similarly, forms of social capital are more likely to be found at Communities First partnerships than at other programmes along the continuum. The correlation analysis applied to the case study survey data discloses a number of, mainly positive statistically significant associations between explanatory social capital, and cooperation and collaboration variables and dependent innovation variables. Propositions resultant of the findings, are likely to be of use to policymakers. For instance, forms of social capital appear to be positively related to traditionally measured, hidden and social innovation. Policymakers considering the design of programmes to boost levels of innovation may be advised to include means of increasing levels of social capital, cooperation and collaboration in their policy and programme proposals and evaluation criteria.

abstract: Police misconduct is a relatively rare event, though typically, it is a male dominated event. As such, research on police misconduct has largely ignored women. Generally, research examines differences in misconduct by using sex as a control variable, or has focused on small samples of female officers using qualitative methods. Neither of these methods is able to explore or explain the possibility that factors related to officers' decisions to commit misconduct may differentially impact males and females. As a consequence, we are left with a shallow understanding of when and why women commit misconduct. This research fills this gap by a large sample (N=3,085) of matched police officers in the New York City Police Department, half of which committed career-ending misconduct between 1975 and 1996. Additionally, unlike previous research, this data includes a large sample (N=435) of females. Research has determined that some factors, such as having children or employment problems, are risk factors for misconduct regardless of sex; likewise, other factors, such as age and higher education, create protection against misconduct. Using logistic regression and split-sample z-score comparisons, analyses will focus on examining how the predictors differentially explain the likelihood of police misconduct for men and women. As expected, some predictors of misconduct that are salient for women, such as getting divorced, are not statistically significant for men; likewise, some variables that are significant for both men and women have a larger effect size for one sex, such as citizen complaints, which are of more predictive value for women than for men. These findings yield important theoretical, empirical, and policy implications. Notably, there is evidence that a gendered theory of police misconduct may be necessary. Additionally, conceptualizations within mainstream criminological theories may need to be rethought; for example, divorce was found to be a protective factor for women in this study, rather than a risk factor as both strain and life-course criminology would indicate. The findings also demonstrate the need for gender-specific models when studying police misconduct. Finally, the results of this study yield important policy implications, such as the utility of gender-specific hiring considerations and early-intervention "red flags." / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Criminology and Criminal Justice 2015

La thèse repose sur la comparaison des relations entre la police et d'autres organisations locales en France et en Italie, à partir de l'examen des deux cas d'étude : la ville de Grenoble, en France, et la ville de Bergamo, en Italie. La recherche repose sur quatre études ethnographiques, qui ont concerné, entre mai 2008 et mai 2012, la Direction Départementale de la Sécurité Publique de l'Isère, la Police Municipale de Grenoble, la Questura di Bergamo et la Polizia Locale di Bergamo. La recherche se fonde sur l'hypothèse qu'au niveau local, la politique locale de sécurité est le résultat d'un processus de coproduction et de négociation qui, d'une part, engage le fonctionnement interne de la police et qui, d'autre part, est liée à ses interactions avec la population et les autres organisations du territoire. La thèse interroge les effets concrets de ces relations sur l'action policière. Ce qui émerge est un système complexe, dans lesquels les besoins et les demandes de la population et des autres organisations locales se combinent avec les exigences policières et ses contraintes organisationnelles. La participation des organisations du territoire et, dans une moindre mesure, de la population influence effectivement le processus de la définition des priorités et des problèmes locaux. Leur traitement reste pourtant très dépendant des contraintes et du fonctionnement interne de l'organisation policière. Cela ne favorise pas la construction de politiques partagées et intégrées et de mécanismes de vérification et de contrôle des actions mises en œuvre, aussi bien en France, où des dispositifs spécifiques ont été mis en œuvre pour favoriser le pilotage des politiques de sécurité, qu'en Italie, où ces dispositif sont moins diffusés. / In my research I have compared the relationships between police and local organizations in France and Italy. From May 2008 to May 2012, I conducted a field research at the Direction Départementale de la Sécurité Publique de l'Isère, the Police Municipale de Grenoble, the Questura di Bergamo and the Polizia Locale di Bergamo. The hypothesis is that at a local level security policies are the result of the co-production and the negotiation between the internal police organization and the relationship between public and local organizations. The research takes into consideration the effects of these relationships and permits us to analyse a complex system, which integrates public and local organization needs with police needs and organizational ties. Citizens' participation and the involvement of local organizations have a significant influence in the process of defining problems and priorities. However, their solution depends on the internal police organization. This doesn't encourage integrated policies nor the development of control mechanisms , both in France, where specific measures have been taken to improve the direction of local policies, and in Italy, where these measures are less developed.

Thesis (MTech( Public Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012 / The main objective of the study is to determine whether there is a lacuna in service delivery. Communities experience unacceptably high levels of crime and this study will determine whether the Cape Town Metropolitan Police Department provides adequate levels of service to combat such crime and whether the selfsame Cape Town Metropolitan Police Department contributes to a safe and secure environment.The study focuses on performance management within the public sector as it relates to service delivery. Service delivery in this instance is discussed from the premise of the Batho Pele principles enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and their impact on the selected communities as exemplified through the implementation of Cape Town Metropolitan Police Department’s vision, mission, values and service delivery standards.The study also concentrates on the theoretical and legislative framework of performance management, which make provision for service delivery evaluation. The study discusses performance management in the public sector with particular focus on local government and the Cape Town Metropolitan Police Department.Although performance management is a well documented sub-discipline, it is still a new field in the South African public sector environment. The unique contribution of this study to Public Management and the related performance management initiatives of the Cape Town Metropolitan Police Department will benefit further research on the matter.The research concludes that a sustained improvement in productivity can be achieved by sustained performance management.

M.A. / Despite the fact that the helping professions in the SAPS make use of a multi-professional team approach to provide a service with regards to trauma intervention, statistics confirm that there is still a high occurrence of stress-related problems amongst police officials'. The aim of this study is to explore and describe the police officials' experience of trauma and the trauma intervention programmes in the SAPS, in order to create guidelines and to make certain recommendations with regard to client-focussed programmes for police officials' attached to the high-risk units in the Eastern Cape. The aims of this study were best realised by the exploratory and descriptive goals of fundamental research as expounded by de Vos et al. (1998). The exploratory and descriptive goal ofthe problem is best achieved by combining the qualitative and quantitative approaches to research, as proposed by Cresswell (1994). For the purposes of this study, the researcher has first made use of a qualitative approach to research. The population with regards to this phase of the study consisted of the police officials' attached to the high risk units in Port Elizabeth. The researcher made use of the purposive sampling method in order to select the participants of the focus group. A semi-structured interview schedule, consisting of four pre-designed questions, was employed in order to obtain maximum information on the subject. The four questions are as follows: experience of trauma, impact on and reaction to trauma, coping with trauma and the experience of trauma intervention programmes. The themes arising from the findings are divided into eleven categories including the classification of their respective sub-categories. The categories are as follows: 1) the concept trauma, 2) traumatic incidents, 3) trauma reinforcers, 4) post traumatic events, 5) post traumatic stress disorder, 6) social support, 7) avoidance/denial, 8) problem-focussed coping, 9) consumer orientation, 1 0) consumer satisfaction and 11) a core marketing strategy. A quantitative approach was used during the second phase of the study, whereby the themes that resulted from the findings of the focus group interview, were distributed amongst the police officials' representing the high risk units in the Eastern Cape. The latter was done in order to explore the extent of the items arising from the focus group in the population. For the purposes of the second phase of the study, the researcher employed the simple random sampling method, whereby 10% of the population was selected. The researcher made use of the group administered method whereby respondents were involved in a group and were thereby provided with an opportunity to complete the questionnaire. The social workers responsible for the high risk units in the various areas in the Eastern Cape were trained as field workers in order to facilitate the completion of the questionnaire by means of the group administered method. The following conclusions were drawn from the findings. Firstly, it is concluded that the police officials' attached to the high risk units in the Eastern Cape are exposed to a variety of traumatic incidents. The latter vary with regards to occurrence and intensity. The nature, frequency and intensity of the incident have an influence on the extent to which police officials' experience these incidents as traumatic, and this also influences the cumulative impact thereof on the individual. The internal and external stress factors which police officials' are exposed to on a daily basis in the carrying out of their duties, also plays an important role in the extent to which police officials' are capable of coping with trauma. In some cases it is experienced so intensely that it leads to a traumatic reaction by some police officials'. Secondly, it is concluded that police officials' generally react differently, depending on their exposure to trauma. These reactions are generally similar to the symptoms of post-traumatic stress and post traumatic stress disorder. Thirdly, the conclusion is reached that police officials' reveal different coping styles. These vary with specific reference to social support, avoidance/denial and problem focussed coping mechanisms. Lastly, it is concluded that the trauma intervention programmes are not consumer orientated as a thorough needs assessment is not done and police officials' individual needs, expectations, perceptions and preferences are not taken into consideration most of the time. Police officials' are also greatly dissatisfied with the programmes because the elements of the marketing strategy, with specific reference to product, place, cost and promotion as expounded by Terblanche (1993), do not live up to their expectations and perceptions of the programme. Finally, the findings were compared with each other, whereafter certain conclusions were reached and a number of recommendations were made.

M.Comm.

M.A. / Policy is considered one of the most stressfull occupations, which often results in psychiatric disorders, divorces, misuse of alcohol and suicide. The researcher has been motivated by the possible changes that a social group work programme can bring about in the general functioning of members of the South- African Police. GOAL OF THE STUDY The description of the experience of the participants of a group work programme with emphasis on scientific development of group work within the South-African Police Service. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 3.1. The discription from the literature as to the nature and influence that a police official's working conditions affect him as a person. 3.2. The discription from the literature as to the nature and the process of social group work as well as the factors that need to be considered within the social work group. 3.3. Discription of participants experience with the implimentation of the group work programme. 3.4. The recommendations to further develop programme contents scientifically. METHOD OF STUDY For the purpose of this study the descriptive method of research was used. Qualitative methods of data gathering were used. METHODS OF DATA GATHERING A literature study in respect of the police official and the influence of his working conditions on himself as well as that of the social work group was conducted. Questionnaires were completed after completion of each group session and after completion of the programme by members of the target group. ACHIEVEMENT OF GOALS Above mentioned goals were conclusively achieved. These conclusions can be summarised as follows: The police official is as a result of the nature of his work exposed to traumatic happenings that is beyond the norm that is normally experienced. This tension as well as the tension of which the level is unknown , eg. salaries, disparity, etc. can result in shortcomings in role functioning. Through scientific handling of the group process and relations in a group the social worker can develop possibilities for group members to grow, change and develop better social functioning. Exposed from group session description and programme description it is evident that the skills of members for example their selfesteem, commumication skills, conflict handling, budgeting skills and handling of stres, shown great improvement. 7. RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendations were specifically made in terms of further use of the group work programme in the SAPD. All members of the South-African Police Service can be exposed to the groupwork program. Group sessions can be programmed for junior members of the South-African Police Service at college level for preperation in advance. The impact made through social group work to members are to such extend that social workers in the SAPS can make more use of this social work method in enhancing general functioning of members.