Thesis (MTESOL)--University of Melbourne, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, 2010. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-81)

Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-04-13T20:03:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Tatiana Pereira Carvalhal.pdf: 2301882 bytes, checksum: 6597ceb02c0ce9d00bc80e8bcf31aa8a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-04-20T14:58:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Tatiana Pereira Carvalhal.pdf: 2301882 bytes, checksum: 6597ceb02c0ce9d00bc80e8bcf31aa8a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T14:58:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Tatiana Pereira Carvalhal.pdf: 2301882 bytes, checksum: 6597ceb02c0ce9d00bc80e8bcf31aa8a (MD5) / Esta investigação visa a avaliar a política e planejamento da linguagem de uma universidade federal brasileira pautada em um projeto de integração latino-americana de educação bilíngue em português e espanhol. Particularmente, foram avaliados os efeitos desse projeto sobre o perfil sociolinguístico e ideologias linguísticas dos estudantes. Situado no campo interdisciplinar de pesquisas de Política e Planejamento da Linguagem (PPL), e com foco no eixo avaliação, o presente estudo integrou análises de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa e propôs um enquadre analítico baseado em três dimensões, conjuntural, social e individual, de modo a construir uma compreensão ampla dos efeitos e dos fatores que os geraram. A partir desse procedimento analítico-metodológico, identificou-se que atuam, na política e planejamento da linguagem institucionais, além da proposta de educação bilíngue e do ensino obrigatório de espanhol e português, fatores como a localização na fronteira trinacional formada por Argentina, Brasil e Paraguai e a composição discente e docente da Universidade. A avaliação realizada mostrou que a (inter)ação desses fatores com diferentes orientações ideológicas de política da linguagem gerou múltiplos efeitos na comunidade estudantil, relacionados a processos de mudança e manutenção nos usos e conhecimento das línguas, bem como nas ideologias linguísticas. Quanto aos usos, avaliou-se que tais fatores contribuíram tanto para o contato, integração e usos bilíngues quanto para o conflito, exclusão e transferência de relações assimétricas da região para a universidade. Ademais, contribuíram também para um avanço desigual no aumento do conhecimento e usos do espanhol e do português nos ambientes familiar e educacional, bem como para a perda de outras línguas nesses ambientes, especialmente das originárias. Com relação aos efeitos nas ideologias linguísticas, foi avaliado que a política e planejamento da linguagem da instituição, ao se pautarem na educação bilíngue em espanhol e português e atribuírem a estas a função de línguas de ensino e de produção de conhecimento científico, promoveram o fortalecimento das duas línguas majoritárias, entretanto, no que tange a demais línguas, em especial as originárias, novamente favoreceram a redução do seu status. Por fim, discutiu-se a divergência entre a política e planejamento de integração, de identidade e da linguagem, e se concluiu que o alinhamento dessas diversas políticas e planejamentos seria um possível caminho para o avanço da instituição em direção aos seus objetivos / This investigation aims to evaluate the language policy and planning featured in a Brazilian federal university based on a Latin American integration project with bilingual education in Portuguese and Spanish. The effects on this project over the sociolinguistic profile of students and their linguistic ideologies were thoroughly analyzed. Lying in the interdisciplinary field of Language Policy and Planning (LPP), with a focus on evaluation, this study integrated quantitative and qualitative analyses, and proposed an analytical framework in three dimensions, conjunctural, social and individual, in order to build a wide comprehension of the effects and the factors from which they were generated. According to this analytical and methodological procedure, it was verified that, besides the bilingual education proposal and the compulsory teaching of Spanish and Portuguese, factors such as the location in the trinational region of Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay and how the student body and faculty are constituted also have an impact on the institutional language policy and planning. The evaluation revealed that the interaction of these factors, along with different ideological orientations of language policies, generated several effects amongst students, in processes of changing or maintaining the use and kwnoledge of languages, as well as the linguistic ideologies. As far as use is concerned, it was demonstrated that these factors contributed not only to the contact, integration and bilingual uses of languages, but also to conflicts, exclusion and the transfer of asymmetric relationships from the region to the university. Moreover, there was an uneven progress in the grown of knowledge and in the use of Spanish and Portuguese at the family and educational environments, along with the loss of other languages at these environments, mainly their native ones. Regarding the effects in the linguistic ideologies, it was verified that language policy and planning in the institution, by relying on bilingual education in Spanish and Portuguese, and their role as languages of instruction and production of scientific work, strengthened both major languages. Nevertheless, the other languages, particularly the native ones, were once again excluded or had their status diminished. Finally, a thorough discussion concerning the divergence between policies of integration, identity and language took place, and it was concluded that the alignment of these several policies and plans would enable the institution to move forward towards its objectives

Bibliography: leaves [114] - 124. / The study investigates the response of a former white Model C school to externally imposed educational reforms contained in the Education White Paper (1995); the South African Schools' Bill (1996) and the South African School's Act (1996). The study examines the path of policy - making after legislation. Drawing on the work of Bowe et al. (1996) as a key text, the study investigates the dynamics of the policy process within the school. The study uses as a conceptual framework Bowe et al.'s (ibid.) argument that the policy text is multiple, and that the legislated policy text is one of a number of representations of the policy. As such, the study seeks to identify the sites of text generation and the dynamics involved in the formation and maintenance of the dominant representations of the legislated policy texts. The research examines the impact of perceptions of the external policy changes and of the institution on the manner in which the school responds to the change. The relationship between power and policy-making referred to by researchers such as Ball (1994) and Blackmore et al. (1994) is clearly evident in the response of the executive of the school to challenges to the dominant discourse. The dominant discourse is described as a discourse of "Model C" schooling: predominantly white, and relatively progressive in so far as selected black students are permitted to attend the school. Linguistic exclusivity and the limited agency in the policy process are the two main strategies used to protect this dominant discourse. The study examines the strategies of resistance to this dominance and the ways in which these dissenting voices are marginalised. The study identifies the response of the school as "adaptive accommodation" whereby the school not merely reshapes the legislated policy to fit the structure of the school, but physically restructures the school so that anticipated policy change can be contained. The study concludes that the legislated policy has failed to challenge the policy paradigm of the previous education system.

This study represents an attempt to answer the question: How can educational administration contribute to the economic and social development plans in developing countries? Although major emphasis must be given to this question, some thought will be given to the educational problems and needs that face developing countries and the new techniques of educational administration which can be used to meet them. Moreover, in an attempt to apply the findings acquired the research will eventually focus on· Egypt, as one of the developing countries, to identify to what extent Egypt's educational administration addresses the needs of the economic and social development plans. Objectives of the Study The purpose of the study was fourfold as follows: 1. To investigate the role of educational administration in the economic and social development plans in developing countries. 2. To delineate the educational problems and needs of developing countries and to determine how educational administration can help to meet them. 3. To identify new trends and techniques in educational administration which may be helpful to the economic and social development plans in developing countries. 4. To develop a case study and some models which will provide direction to educational administrators who wish to contribute to Egypt's economic and social development plans.

This thesis examines narratives of the future and their impact on late-modern constructions of the self. The argument is made that neo-liberal narratives have effectively promoted an idealised narrative of the self that views the achievement of a desired future for individuals as primarily a function of personal autonomy, effort and intention. The thesis contends that this narrative is promoted in society through multiple trajectories involving an array of social forms and institutions. Education policy and media are considered as exemplary examples of the sorts of social forms and institutions where this idealising narrative is promoted. A limited range of education policy narratives and media narratives are then examined. The position is taken that the adoption of neo-liberal ideals of the self relies on a supporting context of other narratives of the self and society. These are explored. A governmental framework (Rose, 1998) is used to consider the implications for child and adult subjects of the adoption of an individualised culpability for future success, or lack of success within what is argued is a subjectifying discursive regime of the self. Resistance to this governing regime is considered from a number of theoretical perspectives. The contention is made that effective resistance is likely to be local, partial and continuous rather than involving or resembling a disjunctive ideological shift. The thesis engages with post-structuralist ideas and hence is written from a perspective that necessarily incorporates a local and personal narrative.

The potential of the Chinese outbound tourism market is substantial; however, research on this market to Canada is limited. This may be due, in part, to the lack of Approved Destination Status (ADS). This study examined the possible perceived image of Canada obtained by potential Chinese tourists, and to compare to the marketing position of Canada by CTC China Division-in effect, to conduct a product-market match between two concepts. Content analysis and an importance and performance analysis were used in the study. A questionnaire distributed at the Beijing Capital International Airport solicited perceptions of tourism in Canada, importance of selected attributes in travel decision making, performance of selected attributes on Canada, and trip preferences. The marketing position of Canada was examined through a content analysis of the promotional materials circulated from CTC China Division in Beijing, China. The coherences and gaps between perceived image of Canada and marketing position of Canada provide some marketing implications. This study concludes that the general tourism image of Canada is vague but positive, which is probably derived from the historically favorable image of Canada in china. Potential Chinese tourists had little knowledge on specific tourism sights; however, they recognized star attractions of Vancouver, Niagara Falls, and Toronto. Potential Chinese tourists prefer slow-paced trips; group tours; two weeks in length; in fall season; featuring mid-budget accommodation, preferably bed-and-breakfasts; on motor coach; visiting nature based sights at majority; and providing foods of various cultures. The current marketing position of Canada reflected through promotional materials by CTC and its partners has coherences in promoting tourism attractions in Canada to the image of Canada. Gaps exist on the promotion of travel issues and unconventional attractions, which inspires the marketing implications. Promotional resources should be allocate to unconventional tourism attractions with consideration rather than the presence of Chinese and mandarin speaking environment in Canada because of Chinese tourists’ demand for culture diversity. Promotion should include more information about travel expense and visas to establish reasonable consumer expectations.

The potential of the Chinese outbound tourism market is substantial; however, research on this market to Canada is limited. This may be due, in part, to the lack of Approved Destination Status (ADS). This study examined the possible perceived image of Canada obtained by potential Chinese tourists, and to compare to the marketing position of Canada by CTC China Division-in effect, to conduct a product-market match between two concepts. Content analysis and an importance and performance analysis were used in the study. A questionnaire distributed at the Beijing Capital International Airport solicited perceptions of tourism in Canada, importance of selected attributes in travel decision making, performance of selected attributes on Canada, and trip preferences. The marketing position of Canada was examined through a content analysis of the promotional materials circulated from CTC China Division in Beijing, China. The coherences and gaps between perceived image of Canada and marketing position of Canada provide some marketing implications. This study concludes that the general tourism image of Canada is vague but positive, which is probably derived from the historically favorable image of Canada in china. Potential Chinese tourists had little knowledge on specific tourism sights; however, they recognized star attractions of Vancouver, Niagara Falls, and Toronto. Potential Chinese tourists prefer slow-paced trips; group tours; two weeks in length; in fall season; featuring mid-budget accommodation, preferably bed-and-breakfasts; on motor coach; visiting nature based sights at majority; and providing foods of various cultures. The current marketing position of Canada reflected through promotional materials by CTC and its partners has coherences in promoting tourism attractions in Canada to the image of Canada. Gaps exist on the promotion of travel issues and unconventional attractions, which inspires the marketing implications. Promotional resources should be allocate to unconventional tourism attractions with consideration rather than the presence of Chinese and mandarin speaking environment in Canada because of Chinese tourists’ demand for culture diversity. Promotion should include more information about travel expense and visas to establish reasonable consumer expectations.

Beer, brewing, and the public house have been celebrated institutions in English culture for centuries. The drink occupies a venerable position in the gastronomy of most regions and is an integral component in the lives of many. There is an emerging literature on culinary tourism as an increasingly important element of cultural tourism. Local cuisine can be used to distinguish unique tourist regions from their competitors in an ever-globalising world. While wine tourism in particular has been studied quite thoroughly in recent years, beer tourism has been largely neglected. The purpose of this study is to explore the current state of, and potential for beer tourism in Yorkshire, England. Beer tourism can be described as “visitations to breweries, beer festivals, and beer shows for which beer tasting and experiencing the attributes of a beer region are the prime motivating factors for visitors” (Plummer et al. 2003). Through the use of a mail survey, short interviews, participant observation and secondary data collection techniques the author explored the extent to which local breweries use beer tourism practices; the specific beer tourism techniques being used by breweries in Yorkshire, and their perceived benefits and limitations; the partnerships, alliances and cooperation that may exist between the brewers themselves, and the tourism and hospitality industries; if and how tourism stakeholders draw upon beer and brewing to promote and market the region to tourists, and the role that brewers may play in this process. The author also made recommendations for brewery managers and regional marketing boards based upon relevant academic literature and the specific findings of this study. The author makes note of numerous findings on participation rates for breweries in tours and beer festivals, the perceived benefits and limitations that beer tourism has for brewers, and research on the branding and marketing of Yorkshire beer. A detailed typology of breweries based upon their relationship and degree of integration with the tourism industry is introduced. Furthermore, a tentative hypothesis based upon a brewer’s rationale for involvement in tourism and the size and success of that brewery is presented. This hypothesis must be empirically tested in future research to determine its acceptability. The author also presented a detailed review of the relevance of wine tourism literature for the field of beer tourism. It was found that although the two forms of beverage tourism share many commonalities, there exist as many differences. This comparison ultimately emphasises the importance of developing a specific beer tourism literature. It is hoped that the findings of this beer-specific research may be used by others with a keen interest in beer and tourism to undertake additional studies in the field. This study solely investigates the links between beer producers and the tourism and hospitality industry in Yorkshire, England. A similar study in an alternative setting would most likely yield interesting results. Furthermore, additional studies on beer and tourism should take the size, brewing output capacity, and possibly the revenue of a brewery into account in order to investigate potential differences between breweries’ tourism strategies based upon their size and success in their market.

A suitable climate, varied scenic terrain, and proximity of communities along Ontario’s system of 39,742 km of snowmobile trails have provided for domestic and international snowmobile tourism. Outdoor winter tourism in many parts of the world has been identified to be at risk to changes in global climate. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in its Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) reported a global increase of temperature of 0.74 degrees Celsius for the period 1906 to 2005 and estimates that by the end of the 21st century the global mean temperature will increase between 1.8 degrees Celsius to 4.0 degrees Celsius. Temperature increases of only a few degrees may contribute to variances in snow-based tourism reliant on the reliability of natural snow cover. This study examines the spatial and temporal impacts of climate change scenarios upon snowmobile season length and operations within the snowmobile industry in the Province of Ontario Canada to six climate change scenarios for the 21st century. Snowmobile trail operations in Ontario are reliant upon a minimum natural snow cover of 15 cm for smooth terrain trails and 30 cm to 60 cm for rough terrain trails, temperatures less than 0 degrees Celsius and, human and financial capital. Three or more consecutive snowmobile seasons with ≤ 28 days have been identified as having serious implications for human and financial capital necessary to develop and maintain the snowmobile trail system. As early as the 2020s, north eastern snowmobile districts are projected to be least vulnerable to changes in climate with the longest snowmobile seasons > 28 days, while south central snowmobile districts are projected to be the most vulnerable to changes in climate with the shortest snowmobile seasons of < 28 days. Snowmobile trail managers identified possible strategies to adapt to a changing climate (2020s to 2080s) including: pre-season preparation of the terrain including early season packing of snow cover, re-location of the most vulnerable snowmobile trails, and strengthening inter-district alliances.

Beer, brewing, and the public house have been celebrated institutions in English culture for centuries. The drink occupies a venerable position in the gastronomy of most regions and is an integral component in the lives of many. There is an emerging literature on culinary tourism as an increasingly important element of cultural tourism. Local cuisine can be used to distinguish unique tourist regions from their competitors in an ever-globalising world. While wine tourism in particular has been studied quite thoroughly in recent years, beer tourism has been largely neglected. The purpose of this study is to explore the current state of, and potential for beer tourism in Yorkshire, England. Beer tourism can be described as “visitations to breweries, beer festivals, and beer shows for which beer tasting and experiencing the attributes of a beer region are the prime motivating factors for visitors” (Plummer et al. 2003). Through the use of a mail survey, short interviews, participant observation and secondary data collection techniques the author explored the extent to which local breweries use beer tourism practices; the specific beer tourism techniques being used by breweries in Yorkshire, and their perceived benefits and limitations; the partnerships, alliances and cooperation that may exist between the brewers themselves, and the tourism and hospitality industries; if and how tourism stakeholders draw upon beer and brewing to promote and market the region to tourists, and the role that brewers may play in this process. The author also made recommendations for brewery managers and regional marketing boards based upon relevant academic literature and the specific findings of this study. The author makes note of numerous findings on participation rates for breweries in tours and beer festivals, the perceived benefits and limitations that beer tourism has for brewers, and research on the branding and marketing of Yorkshire beer. A detailed typology of breweries based upon their relationship and degree of integration with the tourism industry is introduced. Furthermore, a tentative hypothesis based upon a brewer’s rationale for involvement in tourism and the size and success of that brewery is presented. This hypothesis must be empirically tested in future research to determine its acceptability. The author also presented a detailed review of the relevance of wine tourism literature for the field of beer tourism. It was found that although the two forms of beverage tourism share many commonalities, there exist as many differences. This comparison ultimately emphasises the importance of developing a specific beer tourism literature. It is hoped that the findings of this beer-specific research may be used by others with a keen interest in beer and tourism to undertake additional studies in the field. This study solely investigates the links between beer producers and the tourism and hospitality industry in Yorkshire, England. A similar study in an alternative setting would most likely yield interesting results. Furthermore, additional studies on beer and tourism should take the size, brewing output capacity, and possibly the revenue of a brewery into account in order to investigate potential differences between breweries’ tourism strategies based upon their size and success in their market.