Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-09-22T18:10:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) marcelo_sousa_xavier.pdf: 3096603 bytes, checksum: dae91257943ac86316978d8deb31ff3e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-10-09T13:42:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) marcelo_sousa_xavier.pdf: 3096603 bytes, checksum: dae91257943ac86316978d8deb31ff3e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T13:42:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) marcelo_sousa_xavier.pdf: 3096603 bytes, checksum: dae91257943ac86316978d8deb31ff3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / A Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC) ? considerada um problema de sa?de p?blica causada por um protozo?rio do g?nero Leishmania que acomete c?es, o qual no ciclo urbano de transmiss?o ? o principal reservat?rio. Neste trabalho, investigou-se o desenvolvimento de um imunossensor impedim?trico sobre eletrodos de grafite (EG) e eletrodos impressos de ?xido de grafeno (EIG) modificados com filmes polim?ricos para detec??o de Leishmaniose infantum em amostras de soros caninos. Os EG e o EIG foram modificados pela eletrodeposi??o do ?cido 2-hidroxicin?mico (2-HCA). A eletropolimeriza??o do 2-HCA foi realizada por voltametria c?clica (VC), utilizando-se solu??o monom?rica 2,50 mM preparada em H2SO4 0,50 M contendo 1,0 mL de etanol. Para o EG utilizou-se 100 ciclos de potencial na faixa de +0,20 a +1,20 V a 50 mV/s e para o EIG 15 ciclos consecutivos de potencial de 0,00 a +1,00V a 100 mV/s. Para ambos os eletrodos modificados o poli(2-HCA) apresentou caracter?sticas adsortivas e eletroativas. Estudos de Espectroscopia de Imped?ncia Eletroqu?mica (EIE) foram realizados para avaliar as propriedades el?tricas dos eletrodos modificados. Para o EG/2-HCA utilizou-se o circuito equivalente descrito como (Rs(RQp)(Qdl[RtcW]) onde obteve-se o valor de resist?ncia a transfer?ncia de carga (Rtc) de 13,2 k?, enquanto que para EIG/2-HCA o circuito equivalente proposto foi o de Randles, no qual o valor de Rtc foi de 4,2 k?. Visando a miniaturiza??o do sistema, optou-se pelo desenvolvimento do biossensor sobre os EIG. Desta forma, foram colocados sobre a superf?cie dos EIG/2-HCA, utilizando a t?cnica de adsor??o, 35 ?L de diferentes concentra??es do ant?geno L. infantum (Ag) (15, 30, 50, 70 e 100 ?g/mL), sendo realizados testes de intera??o com amostras de soros caninos contendo os anticorpos positivos (Ac+) de L. infantum em diferentes propor??es 1:80, 1:160, 1:320, 1:640 e 1:1280 dilu?dos em tamp?o HBS-EP pH 7,40 com 20 minutos de intera??o a 37 ?C. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos utilizando-se o ant?geno em concentra??o de 50 ?g/mL durante 20 min a 37 ?C e a dilui??o do soro de 1:320. Posteriormente, avaliou-se o tempo de imobiliza??o do Ag e de imunorrea??o Ag-Ac em 20, 40 e 60 minutos. Obteve-se 20 min de como tempo ideal de imobiliza??o de Ag e para imunorrea??o Ag-Ac+. Ap?s otimiza??o destes par?metros, avaliou-se a resposta do imunossensor na presen?a de amostras de soros caninos diagnosticados como positivos (Ac+) e negativos (Ac-) para Leishmaniose infantum, onde observou-se valores de Rtc para o sistema Ag-Ac+ 82% maior do que o obtido para o Ag-Ac-, demonstrando margem de seguran?a confi?vel no reconhecimento do analito de interesse. O imunossensor proposto para detec??o de Leishmaniose infantum apresentou boas perspectivas para aplica??o ao diagn?stico da doen?a, podendo-se tornar mais uma alternativa para realiza??o de testes r?pidos e de simples aplica??o para detec??o de LVC. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / Visceral Canine Leishmaniasis (LVC) is considered a public health issue caused by a protozoan of the Leishmania genre that attacks dogs, which is the main reservoir in the urban transmission cycle. In this work, we investigated the development of an impedimetric immunosensor on graphite electrodes (GE) and graphene oxide-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (GSP) both modified with polymeric films to detect Leishmaniose infantum in canine serum samples. The GE and GSP were modified by the electrodeposition of 2-hydroxycinnamic acid (2-HCA). Electropolymerization of 2-HCA was performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) using a 2.50 mM monomeric solution prepared in 0.50 M H2SO4 containing 1.0 mL of ethanol. For the EG and EIG, 100 cycles of potential between +0.20 and +1.20 V at 50 mV/s and 15 cycles of potential between 0.00 and + 1.00 V at 100 mV/s were used, respectively. Poly(2-HCA) shown adsorptive and electroactive characteristics for both electrodes. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) studies were performed to evaluate the electrical properties of the modified electrodes. For the GE/2-HCA was used an equivalent circuit described as (Rs(RpQp)(Qdl[RtcW]), and a resistance of charge transfer (Rct) of 13.2 k? was obtained. For GSP/2-HCA the proposed equivalent circuit was that of Randles in which the value of Rct obtained was 4.2 k?. For system miniaturization it was developed the biosensor over GSP. Thus, 35 ?L of different concentrations of L. infantum antigen (Ag) (15, 30, 50, 70 e 100 ?g/mL) were placed on the GSP/2-HCA surface using the adsorption technique. Interaction tests were carried out with canine serum samples containing the positive antibodies (Ac+) of L. infantum in different proportions of 1:80, 1:160, 1:320, 1:640 e 1:1280, diluted in HBS-EP buffer pH 7.4 with 20 minutes of interaction at 37 ?C. The best results were obtained using the antigen at a concentration of 50 ?g/mL for 20 min at 37 ?C and a serum dilution of 1:320. Subsequently, the Ag immobilization and Ag-Ac immunoreaction time were evaluated in 20, 40 and 60 min. 20 min was obtained as the ideal time for Ag immobilization and Ag-Ac+ immunoreaction. After optimization of these parameters, the immunosensor response was evaluated in the presence of canine serum diagnosed as positive (Ac+) and negative (Ac-) for Leishmaniose infantum, where the Rct values for the Ag-Ac+ system were 82% higher than those obtained for Ag-Ac-, demonstrating a reliable safety margin in the recognition of the analyte of interest. The proposed immunoassay for the detection of Leishmaniasis infantum presented good prospects for application in the diagnosis of the disease, and it could become an alternative for performing rapid tests and simple application for the detection of LVC.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-20T22:04:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloDeSouzaMarques_TESE.pdf: 37145342 bytes, checksum: eb13cda95cd905ff751d5965bb02d4ae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-21T21:20:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloDeSouzaMarques_TESE.pdf: 37145342 bytes, checksum: eb13cda95cd905ff751d5965bb02d4ae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T21:20:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloDeSouzaMarques_TESE.pdf: 37145342 bytes, checksum: eb13cda95cd905ff751d5965bb02d4ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / Obteve-se e estudou-se a viabilidade do uso de TPA ( Tecido Plano de Algod?o) tipo tela, para ensacamento, com gramatura de 216,8 g/cm2 em um comp?sito de matriz de resina poli?ster ortoft?lica cristal. O processo de obten??o do comp?sito foi testado em rela??o ao n?mero m?ximo de camadas que poderia ser utilizado, sem comprometer a sua processabilidade e a fabrica??o dos CPs em molde compressivo. Foram escolhidas e testadas cinco configura??es/formula??es, com 1, 4, 8, 10 e 12 camadas de tecido plano de algod?o - TPA. O TPA n?o foi submetido a tratamento qu?mico, passando apenas por um processo de lavagem mec?nica. O comp?sito em suas v?rias configura??es/formula??es foi caracterizado para a determina??o de suas principais propriedades f?sicas. As propriedades de maior viabilidade do comp?sito foram a resist?ncia a flex?o, aproximando-se da matriz e a resist?ncia ao impacto, com superioridade em rela??o a resina de poli?ster. Outra propriedade que demonstrou bom resultado em rela??o a outros comp?sitos foi a absor??o de ?gua. Analisando-se todas as propriedades determinadas as configura??es/formula??es com maior viabilidade foram a TA8 e TA10, por combinarem boa processabilidade e resist?ncia mec?nica mais elevada, com menor perda em rela??o a resina poli?ster matriz. O comp?sito apresentou comportamento mec?nico inferior ao da resina matriz para todas as formula??es estudadas, com exce??o da resist?ncia ao impacto. O MEV evidenciou uma boa ades?o entre as camadas de TPA e a resina poli?ster matriz, sem a presen?a de micro vazios na matriz confirmando o eficiente processo de fabrica??o dos corpos de prova para caracteriza??o. O comp?sito proposto apresentou viabilidade para a fabrica??o de estruturas com baixas solicita??es de esfor?os mec?nicos, e como foi demonstrado para a fabrica??o de prot?tipos solares. / He was obtained and studied the feasibility of using TPA (Tissue Cotton Plan) screen type, for bagging, with a weight of 207.9 g / m2 in a composite of orthophthalic crystal polyester resin matrix. The process for obtaining the composite was tested against the maximum number of layers that could be used without compromising the processability and manufacturing of CPs in compression mold. Five configurations / formulations were selected and tested at 1, 4, 8, 10 and 12 layers of cotton tissue - TPA. TPA was not subjected to chemical treatment, only by passing a mechanical washing process. The composite in its various configurations / formulations was characterized to determine its physical properties. The properties of the composite were higher viability resistance to bending, approaching the matrix and impact resistance, superiority in relation to the polyester resin. Another property that has shown good result compared to other composite has water absorption. Analyzing all the properties set the settings / formulations with higher viability were TA8 and TA10, by combining good processability and higher mechanical strength, with lower loss compared to polyester resin matrix. The composite showed lower mechanical behavior of the resin matrix for all the formulations studied except the impact resistance. The SEM showed a good adhesion between the layers of TPA and polyester resin matrix, without the presence of micro voids in the matrix confirming the efficient manufacturing process of the samples for characterization. The composite proposed proved to be viable for the fabrication of structures with low requests from mechanical stresses, and as demonstrated for the manufacture of solar and wind prototypes, and packaging, shelving, decorative items, crafts and shelves, with good visual appearance.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MirtaniaAL.pdf: 1813042 bytes, checksum: 3d26a66f383220285205f479f11b4656 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-27 / This research is based, at first, on the seeking of alternatives naturals reinforced in place of polymeric composites, also named reinforced plastics. Therein, this work starts with a whole licuri fiber micro structural characterization, as alternative proposal to polymeric composites. Licuri fiber is abundant on the Bahia state flora, native from a palm tree called Syagrus Coronata (Martius) Beccari. After, it was done only licuri fiber laminar composite developing studies, in order to know its behavior when impregnated with thermofix resin. The composite was developed in laminar structure shape (plate with a single layer of reinforcement) and produced industrially. The layer of reinforcement is a fabric-fiber unidirectional of licuri up in a manual loom. Their structure was made of polyester resin ortofit?lica (unsaturated) only reinforced with licuri fibers. Fiber characterization studies were based on physical chemistry properties and their constitution. It was made by tension, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (RDX) and thermal analyses (TG and DTA) tests, besides fiber chemistry analyses. Relating their mechanical properties of strength and hardness testing, they were determined through unit axial tension test and flexion in three points. A study in order to know fiber/matrix interface effects, in the final composites results, was required. To better understand the mechanical behavior of the composite, macroscopic and microscopic optical analysis of the fracture was performed / Esta investiga??o baseia-se, em principio, na busca de refor?os naturais alternativos aos comp?sitos polim?ricos, tamb?m denominados de pl?sticos refor?ados. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho de pesquisa se inicia com um completo estudo de caracteriza??o micro estrutural da fibra de licuri, essa como proposta alternativa de refor?o aos comp?sitos polim?ricos. A fibra de licuri ? abundante na flora do estado da Bahia e origin?ria da palmeira denominada Syagrus Coronata (Martius) Beccari. Em seguida, foi realizado um estudo do desenvolvimento de um comp?sito laminar somente a base de fibras de licuri, de forma a se conhecer o comportamento da fibra quando impregnada com resina termofixa. O comp?sito foi desenvolvido na forma de estrutura laminar (placa com uma ?nica l?mina de refor?o) e fabricado industrialmente. A l?mina de refor?o ? de um tecido unidirecional de fibras de licuri confeccionado em um tear manual. O comp?sito tem em sua estrutura resina poli?ster ortofit?lica (insaturada) refor?ada somente com fibras de licuri. O estudo da caracteriza??o da fibra teve como base a determina??o das propriedades f?sicas, qu?micas e de constitui??o. As mesmas foram realizadas atrav?s dos ensaios de: tra??o uniaxial, an?lise por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV), ensaio de difra??o de raios X (RDX), an?lises t?rmicas (TG e DTA), al?m da an?lise qu?mica das fibras. Com rela??o ?s propriedades mec?nicas de resist?ncia e rigidez do comp?sito, estas foram determinadas atrav?s dos ensaios de tra??o uniaxial e flex?o em tr?s pontos. Um estudo com o objetivo de conhecer a influ?ncia da ader?ncia da interface fibra/matriz, na resposta final do comp?sito, se fez necess?rio. Para melhor entendimento do comportamento mec?nico do comp?sito, an?lises macrosc?picas e microsc?picas ?pticas da fratura foram realizadas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenataCTSF_TESE_1-81.pdf: 4666386 bytes, checksum: 75d1cdda6a2cab121f77f0774f7de4e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-14 / There are a number of damaging mechanisms that various materials can suffer in service. However, when working with polymer composite materials, this is something that requires analysis, especially when exposed to adverse environmental conditions. Thus, the objective of the present thesis is the study of the direct influence of environmental aging and the form of hybridization of the reinforcement woven on the structural stability, surfacedegradation and fracture process of polymer composites laminates. For this, the development of two polymer composite laminates was necessary, where one of them was reinforced with a bi-directional woven with hybrid strandsofkevlar-49/glass-Efibers, and the other also with a bi-directionalwoven, however with weft and warpformed of alternating strandsof Kevlar-49 fibers and glass-E fiber The reinforcementwoven are industrially manufactured. Both laminates use a polyester resin as a matrixand are made up of four layers each. All laminates were industrially prepared by the hand lay-up method of manufacturing. To do this, test specimens were manufactured of the respective laminates and submitted to environmental aging accelerated through the aging chamber. They were exposed to alternating cycles of UV radiation and moisture (heated steam) for a standard defined period. At the end of the exposure period the specimens were subjected to mechanical tests of uniaxial tensile and bending in three points and to the characterizationsof the fracture and surface deterioration. In addition, they were submitted to a structural degradation assessment by the measurement of mass variation technique (MMVT) and the measurement of thickness variation technique (MTVT), this last technique being developed in this thesis. At the end of the analysis it was observed that the form of hybridization of the reinforcement woven and the aging process directly influence with losses or gain in mechanical properties, with losses in the structural degradation and in the formation and propagation of damage mechanism of the developedcomposite laminates / S?o v?rios os mecanismos de danos que os diversos materiais podem sofrer em servi?o. No entanto, ao se trabalhar com os materiais comp?sitos polim?ricos isso ? algo que necessita de an?lises principalmente quando expostos a condi??es ambientais adversas. Logo, a respectiva tese objetiva o estudo da influ?ncia direta do envelhecimento ambiental e da forma de hibridiza??o dos tecidos de refor?o no comportamento mec?nico, degrada??o estrutural (dimensional e de massa) de laminados comp?sitos polim?ricos. Para tanto se fez necess?rio o desenvolvimento de dois laminados comp?sitos polim?ricos, onde um deles ? refor?ado com um tecido bidirecional com mecha h?brida de fibras de kevlar-49/vidro-E e o outro com um tecido tamb?m bidirecional, por?m com trama e urdume formadas com mechas alternadas de fibras kevlar-49 e fibras de vidro-E. Os tecidos de refor?o s?o de fabrica??o industrial. Ambos os laminados utilizam como matriz a resina de poli?ster, sendo constitu?dos de quatro camadas cada. Todos os laminados foram confeccionados industrialmente pelo m?todo de fabrica??o handlay-up. Desta forma, foram fabricados corpos de provas (CP s) dos respectivos laminados e submetidos ao envelhecimento ambiental acelerado atrav?s da c?mara de envelhecimento. Os mesmos foram expostos aos ciclos alternados de radia??o UV e umidade (vapor aquecido) por um per?odo definido em norma. Ao t?rmino do per?odo de exposi??o os CP s foram submetidos aos ensaios mec?nicos de tra??o uniaxial e flex?o em tr?s pontos e ?s caracteriza??es da fratura e da deteriora??o superficial. Al?m disso, foram submetidos ? avalia??o da degrada??o estrutural mediante a t?cnica de media??o de varia??o de massa (TMVM) e a t?cnica de medi??o de varia??o de espessura (TMVE), sendo essa ?ltima desenvolvida nesta tese. Ao t?rmino das an?lises foi observado que a forma de hibridiza??o dos tecidos de refor?o e o processo de envelhecimento influenciam diretamente, seja com perdas ou ganho naspropriedades mec?nicas, com perdas na degrada??o estrutural e na forma??o e propaga??o do mecanismo de dano dos laminados comp?sitos desenvolvidos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaimundoNBF_TESE_1-104.pdf: 5288172 bytes, checksum: 0543c551bb4ef0aded2a4c286f66043d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-28 / The application of composite materials and in particular the fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) has gradually conquered space from the so called conventional materials. However, challenges have arisen when their application occurs in equipment and mechanical structures which will be exposed to harsh environmental conditions, especially when there is the influence of environmental degradation due to temperature, UV radiation and moisture in the mechanical performance of these structures, causing irreversible structural damage such as loss of dimensional stability, interfacial degradation, loss of mass, loss of structural properties and changes in the damage mechanism. In this context, the objective of this thesis is the development of a process for monitoring and modeling structural degradation, and the study of the physical and mechanical properties in FRP when in the presence of adverse environmental conditions (ageing). The mechanism of ageing is characterized by controlled environmental conditions of heated steam and ultraviolet radiation. For the research, it was necessary to develop three polymer composites. The first was a lamina of polyester resin reinforced with a short glass-E fiber mat (representing the layer exposed to ageing), and the other two were laminates, both of seven layers of reinforcement, one being made up only of short fibers of glass-E, and the other a hybrid type reinforced with fibers of glass-E/ fibers of curaua. It should be noted that the two laminates have the lamina of short glass-E fibers as a layer of the ageing process incidence. The specimens were removed from the composites mentioned and submitted to environmental ageing accelerated by an ageing chamber. To study the monitoring and modeling of degradation, the ageing cycles to which the lamina was exposed were: alternating cycles of UV radiation and heated steam, a cycle only of UV radiation and a cycle only of heated steam, for a period defined by norm. The laminates have already undergone only the alternating cycle of UV and heated steam. At the end of the exposure period the specimens were subjected to a structural stability assessment by means of the developed measurement of thickness variation technique (MTVT) and the measurement of mass variation technique (MMVT). Then they were subjected to the mechanical tests of uniaxial tension for the lamina and all the laminates, besides the bending test on three points for the laminates. This study was followed by characterization of the fracture and the surface degradation. Finally, a model was developed for the composites called Ageing Zone Diagram (AZD) for monitoring and predicting the tensile strength after the ageing processes. From the results it was observed that the process of degradation occurs Abstract Raimundo Nonato Barbosa Felipe xiv differently for each composite studied, although all were affected in certain way and that the most aggressive ageing process was that of UV radiation, and that the hybrid laminated fibers of glass-E/curaua composite was most affected in its mechanical properties / A aplica??o dos materiais comp?sitos e em particular os pl?sticos refor?ados por fibras (PRF) tem conquistado espa?o, gradativamente, dos materiais ditos convencionais, por?m desafios t?m sido colocados quando sua aplica??o ocorre em equipamentos e estruturas mec?nicas que ficar?o expostos a condi??es ambientais adversas, principalmente quando se tem a influ?ncia da degrada??o ambiental do tipo temperatura, radia??o UV e umidade, no desempenho mec?nico dessas estruturas, ocasionando danos estruturais irrevers?veis tais como: perda de estabilidade dimensional, degrada??o interfacial, perda de massa, perda das propriedades estruturais e altera??es no mecanismo de dano. Neste contexto a presente tese tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um processo de monitoramento e modelagem da degrada??o estrutural, e o estudo das propriedades f?sicas e mec?nicas, em PRF quando em presen?a de condi??es ambientais adversas (envelhecimento). O mecanismo de envelhecimento ? caracterizado por condi??es ambientais controladas de vapor aquecido e de radia??o ultravioleta. Para a pesquisa foi desenvolvido tr?s comp?sitos polim?ricos, o primeiro uma l?mina de resina poli?ster refor?ado com manta de fibras curtas de vidro-E (representando a camada exposta ao envelhecimento) e dois laminados, ambos de sete camadas de refor?o, sendo um constitu?do s? com manta de fibras curtas de vidro-E, e o outro do tipo h?brido refor?ado com fibras de vidro-E/fibras de curau?. Ressalta-se que os dois laminados t?m a l?mina de fibras curtas de vidro-E como camada de incid?ncia do processo de envelhecimento. Os corpos de provas (CP s) foram retirados dos comp?sitos citados e submetidos ao envelhecimento ambiental acelerado atrav?s da c?mara de envelhecimento. Para o estudo do monitoramento e modelagem da degrada??o, os ciclos de envelhecimento a que foram expostos ? l?mina foram: ciclos alternados de radia??o UV e vapor aquecido, ciclo somente de radia??o UV e o ciclo somente de vapor aquecido, por um per?odo definido em norma. J? os laminados foram submetidos a apenas ao ciclo alternado de UV e vapor aquecido. Ao t?rmino do per?odo de exposi??o os CP s foram submetidos ? avalia??o da estabilidade estrutural mediante a t?cnica desenvolvida de medi??o de varia??o de espessura (TMVE) e a t?cnica de media??o de varia??o de massa (TMVM). Em seguida os mesmos foram submetidos aos ensaios mec?nicos de tra??o uniaxial para a l?mina e todos os laminados, al?m do ensaio de flex?o em tr?s pontos para os laminados. Esse estudo foi seguido da caracteriza??o da fratura e da degrada??o superficial. Por fim, foi desenvolvido um modelo para os Resumo Raimundo Nonato Barbosa Felipe xii comp?sitos denominado de Diagrama da Zona de Envelhecimento (DZE) para o monitoramento e predi??o da resist?ncia mec?nica ? tra??o ap?s os processos de envelhecimento. Ao t?rmino das an?lises foi observado que o processo de degrada??o se d? de forma diferente para cada comp?sito pesquisado, no entanto todos foram afetados, o processo de envelhecimento mais agressivo foi o de radia??o UV, e que o comp?sito que foi mais afetado em suas propriedades mec?nicas foi o laminado h?brido de fibras de vidro-E/curau?

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SergioRLT_DISERT.pdf: 4299592 bytes, checksum: e9cf5f819b0edce432f2bda3973896ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The growing demand in the use of composite materials necessitates a better understanding its behavior to many conditions of loading and service, as well as under several ways of connections involved in mechanisms of structural projects. It is know that most of the structural elements are designed with presence of geometric discontinuities (holes, notches, etc) in their longitudinal sections and / or transversals, and that these discontinuities affect the mechanical response of these elements. This work has aims to analyze a study of the mechanical response, when in the presence geometric discontinuity, of polymer matrix composite laminates (orthophthalic polyester) to the uniaxial tensile test. The geometric discontinuity is characterized by the presence of a center hole in the transversal section of the composite. In this study, different kinds of stacking sequences are tested, with and without the presence of the hole, so as to provide better understanding of the mechanical properties. This sense, two laminates were studied: the first is only reinforced by with seven layers short mats of fiberglass-E (CM) and the second where the reinforcement of fiberglass-E comes in the form of bidirectional fabric (CT), with only four layers. The laminate CT has the presence of anisotropy (sense of continuous fibers with respect to the applied load) as the main parameter influencing its mechanical behavior, behavior this, not observed for the CM. In addition to the mechanical properties was also studied the fracture characteristics developed in each composite laminated. The results also showed that the presence of the hole in the transversal section decreased the ultimate strength of laminates and changed the final characteristic of fracture in all kinds of composite laminated studied / A crescente demanda na utiliza??o de materiais comp?sitos torna imprescind?vel uma melhor compreens?o do seu comportamento frente ?s mais diversas condi??es de carga e servi?o, bem como sob as variadas formas de conex?es (fixa??es) envolvendo mecanismos nos projetos estruturais. Sabe-se que a maioria dos elementos estruturais ? projetada com presen?a de descontinuidades geom?tricas (furos, entalhes, ranhuras, etc) em suas se??es longitudinais e/ou transversais, e que essas descontinuidades alteram a resposta mec?nica desses elementos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar um estudo da resposta mec?nica, quando em presen?a de descontinuidade geom?trica, de laminados comp?sitos de matriz polim?rica/fibras de vidro frente ao ensaio de tra??o uniaxial. A descontinuidade geom?trica ? caracterizada pela presen?a de um furo conc?ntrico na se??o transversal do comp?sito. Nesse estudo, diferentes tipos de configura??es s?o testados, com e sem a presen?a do furo, de forma a proporcionar melhor entendimento das propriedades mec?nicas. Neste sentido, dois laminados comp?sitos polim?ricos foram estudados: o primeiro ? unicamente refor?ado com sete camadas de mantas de fibras curtas de vidro-E (CM) e o segundo onde o refor?o de fibras de vidro-E vem na forma de tecido bidirecional (CT), com apenas quatro camadas. O laminado CT tem a presen?a da anisotropia (sentido das fibras cont?nuas com rela??o ? carga aplicada) como principal par?metro influenciando no comportamento mec?nico do mesmo, comportamento este, n?o observado para o CM. Al?m das propriedades mec?nicas, tamb?m foi estudado as caracter?sticas da fratura desenvolvidas em cada laminado comp?sito. Os resultados mostraram que, em um estudo comparativo, a presen?a do furo conc?ntrico na se??o transversal diminuiu a resist?ncia ?ltima dos laminados e alterou a caracter?stica final da fratura em todos os tipos de laminados comp?sitos estudados

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EverlaniaMS_DISSERT.pdf: 3651916 bytes, checksum: 47bd28b5197e92c8cda3dddf63274b6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-08 / Considering the constant evolution of technology in growth and the need for production techniques in the ceramics area to move forward together, we sought in this study, the research and development of polymeric precursor method to obtain inorganic ceramic pigments. Method that provides quality to obtain the precursor powders of oxides and pigments at the same time, offers time and cost advantages, such as reproducibility, purity and low temperature heat treatment, control of stoichiometry. This work used chromium nitrate and iron nitrate as precursors. The synthesis is based on the dissolution of citric acid as a complexing agent, addition of metal oxides, such as ion chromophores; polymerization with ethylene glycol and doping with titanium oxide. Passing through precalcination, breakdown, thermal treatments at different temperatures of calcination (700 to 1100 oC), resulting in pigments: green for chromium oxide deposited on TiO2 (CrTiO3) and orange for iron oxide deposited on TiO2 ( FeTiO3). Noticing an increase of opacity with increasing temperature. Were performed thermal analysis (TG and ATD) in order to evaluate its thermodecomposition. The powders were also characterized by techniques such as XRD, revealing the formation of crystalline phases such as iron titanate (FeTiO3) and chrome titanate (CrTiO3), SEM, demonstrating formation of rounded particles for both oxides and Spectroscopy in the UV-Visible Region, verifying the potential variation and chromaticity os pigments. Thus, the synthesized oxides were within the requirements to be applied as pigments and shown to be possible to propose its use in ceramic materials / Considerando a evolu??o tecnol?gica em constante crescimento e a necessidade de t?cnicas de produ??o na ?rea de cer?mica que avancem em conjunto, buscou-se neste estudo, a pesquisa e desenvolvimento do m?todo dos precursores polim?ricos para obten??o de pigmentos cer?micos inorg?nicos. M?todo que proporciona qualidade a obten??o dos p?s precursores dos ?xidos pigmentantes e ao mesmo tempo, oferece vantagens de tempo e custo, como: reprodutibilidade, pureza, baixas temperaturas de tratamento t?rmico e controle de estequiometria. Neste trabalho foram utilizados nitrato de cromo e nitrato de ferro, como precursores. A s?ntese foi baseada na dissolu??o do ?cido c?trico, como agente complexante; adi??o dos ?xidos met?licos, como ?ons crom?foros; polimeriza??o com etileno glicol e dopagem com ?xido de tit?nio. Passando por pr?-calcina??o, desagrega??o, tratamentos t?rmicos em diferentes temperaturas de calcina??o (700 a 1100 oC), resultando em pigmentos: verde para o ?oxido de cromo depositado sobre TiO2 (CrTiO3) e laranja para o ? Oxido de Ferro depositado sobre TiO2 (FeTiO3). Percebendo-se aumento de sua opacidade com o aumento da temperatura. Foram feitas an?lises t?rmicas (TG e ATD), a fim de avaliar sua termo de composi??o. Os p?s foram caracterizados tamb?m por t?cnicas como DRX, revelando-se a forma??o de fases cristalinas como Titanato de Ferro (FeTiO3) e Titanato de Cromo (CrTiO3); MEV, evidenciando-se forma??o de aglomerados de part?culas ligeiramente hexagonais para ambos os ?oxidos e Espectroscopia na Regi?o do UV-Vis?vel, verificando a varia??o e o potencial de cromaticidade dos pigmentos. Desta forma, os ?xidos sintetizados apresentaram-se dentro dos requisitos necess?rios para serem aplicados como pigmentos e mostra-se poss?vel propor sua utiliza??o em materiais cer?micos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SistanleyJLB_DISSERT.pdf: 3362424 bytes, checksum: 30d67bc0b13dba47c7002133ab1bb63d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-20 / This research presents an approach to the addition of curau? fibers and licuri fibers in a polypropylene resin matrix, such as an alternative proposal to reinforce the polymeric composites. Fiber content of 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, and 20% were analyzed for verification of their mechanical properties comparing them, inclusive with the properties of polypropylene. The grainulated biocomposites had been prepared in an extrusora. The test bodies had been molded by injection and submitted to the mechanical essays uniaxial traction, flexion on three points, impact, in addition to thermal tests (HDT). These biocomposites had been also subjected the essay physicist-chemistry index of fluidity (IF). It was observed that the biocomposites of PP with 20% curau?, obtained bigger increase in the modulus of elasticity and a bigger reduction in the resistance to the impact. In the mechanical behavior, for all the biocomposites, these were increases in values of the limit of drainage and tension of rupture, when tested by uniaxial traction, as they added the fibers. Another important point was the increase of the resistance the flexion. It was also noted that the addition of fibers reduced the thermal degradation of the mixture natural fibers / polypropylene. / Esta pesquisa apresenta uma abordagem da adi??o de fibras de licuri e curau? em uma matriz de resina de polipropileno, essa como uma proposta alternativa de refor?o aos comp?sitos polim?ricos. Teores de fibras de 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, e 20 % foram analisados para verifica??o de suas propriedades mec?nicas comparando-as, inclusive com as propriedades do polipropileno. Os biocomp?sitos granulados foram preparados em uma extrusora. Os corpos de prova foram moldados por inje??o e submetidos aos ensaios mec?nicos de tra??o uniaxial, flex?o em tr?s pontos, impacto, al?m de ensaios t?rmicos (HDT). Estes biocomp?sitos tamb?m foram submetidos a ensaio f?sico-qu?mico de ?ndice de fluidez (IF). Observou-se que os biocomp?sitos de PP com 20% curau? obteve maior aumento no m?dulo de elasticidade, e uma maior diminui??o na resist?ncia ao impacto. No comportamento mec?nico, para todos os biocomp?sitos, houve acr?scimos nos valores do limite de escoamento e tens?o de ruptura quando ensaiados por tra??o uniaxial, ? medida que se adicionavam as fibras. Outro ponto importante foi o aumento da resist?ncia ? flex?o. Verificou-se tamb?m que a adi??o de fibras reduziu a degrada??o t?rmica da mistura fibras naturais / polipropileno.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlanJLM_DISSERT.pdf: 1835050 bytes, checksum: 47bf4fbd76665d11995bd7eb5bd3522a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-23 / Materials known as technical textiles can be defined as structures designed and developed to meet specific functional requirements of various industry sectors, which is the case in automotive and aerospace industries, and other specific applications. Therefore, the purpose of this work presents the development and manufacture of polymer composite with isophthalic polyester resin. The reinforcement of the composite structure is a technical textile fabric made from high performance fibers, aramid (Kevlar 49) and glass fiber E. The fabrics are manufactured by the same method, with the aim of improving the tensile strength of the resulting polymer composite material. The fabrics, we developed some low grammage technical textile structures in laboratory scale and differentiated-composition type aramid (100%), hybrid 1 aramid fiber / glass (65/35%) and hybrid 2 aramid fiber / glass (85/15% ) for use as a reinforcing element in composite materials with unsaturated isophthalic polyester matrix. The polymer composites produced were tested in uniaxial tensile fracture surface and it?s evaluated by SEM. The purpose of this work characterize the performance of polymer composites prepared, identifying changes and based on resistance to strain corresponding to the mechanical behavior. The objectives are to verify the capability of using this reinforcement structure, along with the use of high performance fibers and resin in terms of workability and mechanical strength; verify the adherence of the fiber to the matrix and the fracture surface by electron microscopy scanning and determination of tensile strength by tensile test. The results indicate that, in a comparative study to the response of uniaxial tensile test for tensile strength of the composites and the efficiency of the low percentage of reinforcement element, being a technical textile fabric structure that features characteristic of lightness and low weight added in polymer composites / Os materiais denominados de tecidos t?cnicos podem ser definidos como estruturas projetadas e desenvolvidas com a fun??o de atender a requisitos funcionais espec?ficos de diversos setores da ind?stria com aplica??es espec?ficas. Nesse sentido, este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e a fabrica??o de comp?sito polim?rico com resina poli?ster isoft?lico. O refor?o do comp?sito ? uma estrutura de tecido t?xtil t?cnico confeccionado com fibras de alto desempenho de aramida (Kevlar 49) e fibra de vidro E. Os tecidos s?o fabricados pelo mesmo m?todo, com o objetivo do aprimorar a resist?ncia a tra??o do material comp?sito polim?rico resultante. Os tecidos, foram desenvolvidos em escala laboratorial com baixa gramatura e composi??o diferenciada de aramida (100%), h?brido 1 fibra de aramida/vidro (65/35%) e h?brido 2 fibra de aramida/vidro (85/15%) para utiliza??o como elemento refor?ante em comp?sitos com matriz de poli?ster insaturada isoft?lico. Os comp?sitos polim?ricos produzidos foram ensaiados em tra??o uniaxial e sua superf?cie de fratura avaliada por MEV. A proposta do trabalho ? caracterizar o desempenho dos comp?sitos polim?ricos elaborados, identificando as altera??es e baseando-se na resist?ncia ao ensaio de tra??o correspondente a comportamento mec?nico. Os objetivos s?o verificar a potencialidade da utiliza??o desta estrutura de refor?o, juntamente com a utiliza??o das fibras de alto desempenho e a resina, em termos de trabalhabilidade e resist?ncia mec?nica; verificar a ader?ncia da fibra ? matriz e a superf?cie de fratura atrav?s de microscopia eletr?nica de varredura e determina??o de resist?ncia ? ruptura por ensaio de tra??o. Os resultados indicam que, em um estudo comparativo para a resposta dos ensaios mec?nicos de tra??o uniaxial h? resist?ncia ? ruptura dos comp?sitos e a efici?ncia da baixa porcentagem do elemento de refor?o, sendo uma estrutura de tecido t?xtil t?cnico que apresenta caracter?stica de leveza e baixa gramatura adicionada nos comp?sitos polim?ricos

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-03-20T17:21:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CamillaDeMedeirosDantasAzevedo_TESE.pdf: 4219113 bytes, checksum: 435317fad552ba84e55910c905f4e93f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-22T12:38:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CamillaDeMedeirosDantasAzevedo_TESE.pdf: 4219113 bytes, checksum: 435317fad552ba84e55910c905f4e93f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-22T12:38:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CamillaDeMedeirosDantasAzevedo_TESE.pdf: 4219113 bytes, checksum: 435317fad552ba84e55910c905f4e93f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-10 / As propriedades mec?nicas dos materiais comp?sitos, das mais diversas aplica??es industriais, podem ser reduzidas significativamente pela ocorr?ncia de impactos de baixas velocidades. Esses impactos podem provocar danos internos no material comprometendo sua integridade. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo fazer uma an?lise experimental da resist?ncia residual ? flex?o em tr?s pontos e compress?o ap?s o impacto (CAI), de dois tipos de laminados comp?sitos de matriz polim?rica ortoft?lica, sendo um deles refor?ado a com 7 camadas de tecido bidirecional de Vidro E (CV) e o outro refor?ado com 7 camadas de tecido bidirecional de Kevlar 49 (CK), sujeitos a impactos de baixa velocidade. Esse estudo ? de grande import?ncia pelo fato de tentar conduzir ao aparecimento prematuro de instabilidade estrutural e a consequente restri??o do seu uso. A energia utilizada nesse trabalho para os dois tipos de laminados foi de aproximadamente 96J. Al?m disso, para o material comp?sito refor?ado com fibra de kevlar, foram feitos sucessivos impactos com a mesma energia verificando sua influ?ncia nas propriedades do laminado. Sendo aplicadas 5 vezes, e 10 vezes a energia m?xima de 96J. Como resultado verificou-se que no laminado CV, tanto as propriedades de compress?o como de flex?o em tr?s pontos, a resist?ncia se manteve praticamente inalterada enquanto que o m?dulo teve uma diminui??o depois do impacto. J? no laminado CK houve um decr?scimo tanto nas propriedades de compress?o como flex?o em tr?s pontos ap?s o impacto. Essa perda da integridade desses materiais pode ser justificada pela ocorr?ncia de delamina??o nas interfaces dos comp?sitos. / The mechanical properties of the composite materials, used in the most diverse industrial applications, can be significantly reduced by the occurrence of low speed impacts. These impacts can cause internal damage to the material and compromise its integrity. Thus, the present study aims to perform an experimental analysis of the residual resistance to three-point flexural test and compression after impact (CAI), in two types of composite laminates of orthophthalic polymeric matrix, being one of them reinforced with 7 layers of E-Glass bidirectional tissue (CV) and the other reinforced with 7 layers of Kevlar 49 bidirectional tissue (CK), subject to low speed impacts. This study is of great importance because it tries to lead to the premature appearance of structural instability and the consequent restriction of its use. The energy used in this work for the two types of laminates was approximately 96J. In addition, for the Kevlar fiber reinforced composite material, were made successive impacts with the same energy being checked its influence on the properties of the laminate, where it was tested with a repetition of 5 times and 10 times the maximum energy of 96J.As result, it was found that in the CV laminate, both in the compression properties and three-point flexural properties, the resistance remained practically unchanged while the modulus had a decrease after impact. In the CK laminate, there was a decrease both in compression properties and three-point flexural properties after impact. This integrity loss of these materials can be justified by the occurrence of delamination at the interfaces of the composites.