Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T13:30:35Z No. of bitstreams: 5 47.pdf: 2283518 bytes, checksum: 0cb380e74b0df649714290d50610a24f (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T19:01:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 47.pdf: 2283518 bytes, checksum: 0cb380e74b0df649714290d50610a24f (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-27T19:01:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 47.pdf: 2283518 bytes, checksum: 0cb380e74b0df649714290d50610a24f (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / (Fenologia, biologia reprodutiva, germina??o e desenvolvimento inicial de Cipocereus minensis subsp. leiocarpus N.P.Taylor & Zappi (Cactaceae) no planalto de Diamantina-MG). No Brasil a fam?lia Cactaceae ? representada por 160 esp?cies, das quais 26% ocorrem em campos rupestres. Cipocereus minensis ? uma Cactaceae end?mica dos campos rupestres da por??o mineira da cadeia do Espinha?o. Neste estudo pretendeu-se avaliar os ritmos de produ??o de flores e frutos da esp?cie, sua biologia floral e reprodutiva, al?m de conhecer seus visitantes florais e prov?veis dispersores de sementes, numa ?rea de campo rupestre do planalto de Diamantina-MG. Foram realizados testes de germina??o de sementes e avaliado o desenvolvimento inicial das plantas em diferentes substratos. A esp?cie apresentou caracter?sticas florais como antese noturna, flores brancas, volume abundante de n?ctar e estruturas do perianto r?gidas que sugeriram poliniza??o por morcegos. No entanto, observou-se tamb?m a presen?a de polinizadores diurnos como beija-flores. O sistema reprodutivo de C. minensis ? alog?mico, auto-incompat?vel e os visitantes noturnos foram mais eficientes que os diurnos na forma??o de frutos. O padr?o fenol?gico de flora??o e frutifica??o ? subanual, com picos de flora??o no in?cio e meio da esta??o seca, em abril e julho, respectivamente. Um outro pico foi observado na esta??o ?mida, em novembro, com menor produ??o de flores, por?m com maior taxa de convers?o flor/fruto. C. minensis ? uma esp?cie bem adaptada ? sazonalidade clim?tica. Os frutos apresentaram diferen?as significativas com rela??o ? ?poca de coleta quanto ao comprimento, di?metro e peso, com maiores valores na esta??o ?mida. A m?dia do n?mero de sementes por fruto foi de 958,63 ? 369,35, o peso de 1000 sementes foi de 0,53 g e a m?dia do comprimento das sementes foi de 1,5 mm. As maiores taxas de germina??o foram obtidas ap?s nove e doze meses de armazenamento (75% e 72%, respectivamente), ou em frutos coletados no est?gio mais avan?ado de matura??o (72%). No crescimento inicial as plantas apresentaram maiores di?metros e alturas no substrato preparado na propor??o 1:1:1, composto de areia, solo vermelho e esterco de boi. O armazenamento favoreceu a germina??o, que tamb?m foi alta em frutos coletados em est?gios mais avan?ados de matura??o. Substratos com melhor drenagem e aera??o favoreceram um melhor desenvolvimento inicial de plantas dessa esp?cie. Estas informa??es dar?o subs?dios para o desenvolvimento de estrat?gias de conserva??o e manejo da esp?cie. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT In Brazil the Cactaceae is represented by 160 species from which 26% occur on the rocky fields. Cipocereus minensis is an endemic Cactaceae from the rocky fields in the Minas Gerais? portion of the Espinha?o chain. In this research it was intended to evaluate the rhythms of flower and fruit production of the species, its floral and reproductive biology, and also know the floral visitors and the likely seed dispersers, in an area of the rocky fields of the Diamantina ? MG?s plateau. Seed germination tests have been performed and the initial plant growth on different substrates was analyzed. The species had floral traits such as nocturnal anthesis, white flowers, abundant volume of nectar and rigid perianth structures that suggested pollination by bats. However daily visitors as hummingbirds were also observed. The reproductive system of C. minensis is alogamic and self incompatible and the night visitors were more efficient than the daytime ones in the formation of fruits. The phenologic pattern of flowering and fruiting is sub-annual, with peak of flowering at the beginning and middle of the dry season, in april and july, respectively. Another peak was observed in the wet season in november, with lower production of flowers, but with a higher flower/fruit conversion rate . C. minensis is well adapted to the climatic seasonality. The fruits showed significant differences with respect to collection time for the length, diameter and weight, with higher measures in the wet season. The average number of seeds per fruit was 958.63 ? 369.35, the weight of 1000 seeds was 0.53 g and the mean length of the seeds was 1.5 mm. The highest germination rates were found after nine and twelve months of storage (75% and 72%, respectively) or in fruits collected with a more advanced stage of ripening (72%).In the initial growth the plants showed a higher diameter and height on the substrate prepared in the ratio 1:1:1, composed of sand, red soil and cow dung. The store promotes germination, but also in fruits collected in a more advanced stage of maturation. Substrates with better drainage and aeration favoring better initial development of this plant species. This information will provide subsidies for the development of strategies of conservation and management of the species.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:09:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 443848.pdf: 2283350 bytes, checksum: 7338583841980be045a273368e39341c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-21 / Commonly called stingless bee, species belonging to the tribe Meliponini are found in Brazil, predominantly in woods of Atlantic Forest. The growing degradation of this ecosystem results in risks to the conservation of these species. In this context is inserted Melipona obscurior Moure which is, nowadays, considered vulnerable to extinction in Rio Grande do Sul. Cohabiting in this same ecosystem one can be found Apis mellifera Linnaeus, whose rusticity allowed its spreading and fitness to different environments. Both species present perennial colonies with a big number of individuals that need food during all year. As is characteristic to social bees, they have generalist foraging behavior, making use of different flower sources to obtain pollen and nectar. Foraging activities are directly related to abiotic factors that interfere on fenology, on resources availability and on flight conditions for bees. With this, the floral resources are explored by both in a different way, in foraging strategies characteristics to each one. To identify the plants species whose pollinic resources compose the trophic niche of M. obscurior and A. mellifera, in southern Brazil, as well as the dynamic in the use of these resources, during one year of sampling, was the goal of this survey. For this study, two areas inserted into Atlantic Forest Biome, northeast Rio Grande do Sul, were used. Colonies of two species were maintained in standard hives and the pollinic resources used by them were collected, identified and analyzed. So, the number of pollinic sources used by A. mellifera was bigger in relation to M. obscurior, with representativeness in the samples that resulted in different trophic niche breadth indices, along the year. Some of these sources were explored more intensely or, yet, exclusively by one of bee species, as an indicative of temporal specialization behavior, mainly related to M. obscurior. The overlap in the use of some of these resources occurred in the most samples, but, in a diferente way. The most intense pollen sharing was related to plant species whose massive flowerings allowed concomitant use of their pollen. Here one emphasizes Eucalyptus spp. whose use in the pollinic diet was similar for both species, regardless of landscape characteristics of each area.The pollinic resources that compose the actual trophic niche of M. obscurior and A. mellifera and the dynamic of these resource partioning have, until now, allowed the coexistence of both in the two study sites. / Denominadas popularmente de abelhas sem ferr?o, as esp?cies pertencentes ? tribo Meliponini, s?o encontradas no Brasil predominantemente em florestas de Mata Atl?ntica. A crescente degrada??o deste ecossistema acarreta riscos ? conserva??o destas esp?cies. Neste contexto insere-se Melipona obscurior Moure a qual ? atualmente considerada como esp?cie vulner?vel ? extin??o no Rio Grande do Sul. Coabitando neste mesmo ecossistema, pode ser encontrada Apis mellifera Linnaeus, cuja rusticidade possibilitou sua dispers?o e adapta??o aos mais diversos ambientes. Ambas as esp?cies apresentam col?nias perenes com grande n?mero de indiv?duos, necessitando de alimento durante o ano todo. Como ? caracter?stico a abelhas sociais, possuem h?bito alimentar generalista, fazendo uso de diferentes fontes florais para obten??o de p?len e n?ctar. As atividades de forrageio est?o diretamente relacionadas aos fatores abi?ticos que interferem na fenologia, na disponibilidade dos recursos e nas condi??es de voo das abelhas. Com isso, os recursos florais s?o explorados de modo diferenciado por ambas, em estrat?gias de forrageio caracter?sticas a cada uma delas. Identificar as esp?cies vegetais cujos recursos pol?nicos comp?em o nicho tr?fico de M. obscurior e A. mellifera, no sul do Brasil, bem como a din?mica na utiliza??o destes recursos, ao longo de um ano de amostragens, foi o objetivo central deste trabalho. Para tal, utilizou-se como local de estudo duas ?reas inseridas no Bioma Mata Atl?ntica, na regi?o nordeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Col?nias das duas esp?cies de abelhas foram mantidas em colmeias padronizadas e os recursos pol?nicos utilizados por elas foram coletados, identificados e analisados. Assim, o n?mero de fontes pol?nicas utilizadas por A. mellifera foi maior em rela??o ? M. obscurior, com representatividades nas amostras que resultaram em diferentes ?ndices de amplitude de nicho tr?fico ao longo do ano. Algumas destas fontes foram exploradas mais intensamente ou, ainda, exclusivamente por apenas uma das esp?cies de abelhas, indicativo de um comportamento de especializa??o temporal principalmente em rela??o ? M. obscurior. A sobreposi??o no uso de alguns destes recursos ocorreu na maioria das amostras, mas, de modo diferenciado. O compartilhamento mais intenso de p?len foi relacionado ?s esp?cies vegetais cujas flora??es maci?as permitiram o uso concomitante de seu p?len. Aqui se destaca Eucalyptus spp., cujo aproveitamento na dieta pol?nica foi semelhante para ambas as esp?cies, independente das caracter?sticas da paisagem de cada ?rea. Os recursos pol?nicos que comp?em o atual nicho tr?fico de M. obscurior e A. mellifera e a din?mica na parti??o destes recursos t?m, at? ent?o, permitido a coexist?ncia de ambas nos dois locais de estudo.