Every human being applies their acquired knowledge during the interpretation and application of information, but all the humanly acquired knowledge are shaped by the social information processing model as determined by the traditions and values embedded in their culture. Therefore, the transition from information seeking to the application within a person is not completely dependent on cognition but in the current socio-cultural interpretation of that information. The cultural background of every individual often determines the interpretation and the understanding derivable from any information. Human socio-cultural values are the intervening variables during information seeking, and they can be grouped into three, namely psychological, physiological and environmental, but none acts alone during information seeking and application. Hence, culture as a factor must be considered both psychologically and environmentally to understand its impact on IB because culture comprises of both the tangible and the intangible aspects of human life. The aim of this study is to investigate the main reason for the contrasting results of the polio campaign across the north and south of Nigeria. The study adopted a mixed method approach comprising of a semi-structured interview and focus groups for the collection of data that adequately describe cultural variables to determine the aspects of culture directly impacting on IB, such as language, customs, traditions, and religious values which cannot be quantified or counted. The research approach considered IB in its totality and viewed information not only as tools designed by human to enhance communication and conceptualization of realities but also as the means which enabled the achievement of the desired goal for both the providers and the users of information. Therefore, IB was not only viewed from the context or content of the information but from the way people search, receive and utilise information to meet their respective needs. The study considered the how ; the what ; the where and the whom people consult when in need of information or for the explanation about the information received but not understood, to determine the chosen culture group s IB By considering culture from a multi-disciplinary perspective and IB evolutionarily, the study investigates the impact of cultural orientation on IB through the way the people of Nigeria relates with the polio eradication campaign. The study links all the factors of culture, such as language, tradition, and religion to the ways people relate to information, and the findings revealed that culture plays a significant role in the IB of individuals right from the point of the perceived knowledge gap to the point of information application. The language associated with the people s religious belief was also found to be of significant influence on language preference during communication of information, as well as in the process of encoding and decoding of information. Thus, culture did not only impact on IB during information seeking and application but also the language for the communication of information. Cultural orientation significantly impacted on the way people relates to the polio campaign as a consequence of their IB, and this informed their interpretations of the polio campaign and the eventual outcome of the campaign within the north and south of Nigeria.

Magister Public Health - MPH / Poliomyelitis (polio) is an infectious disease of high public health importance. In 1988, the World Health Organization (WHO) set the goal of polio eradication worldwide through the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). A threeyear period of zero indigenous wild poliovirus in all countries, in the presence of highquality acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, is the basis of an independent commission’s determination of when a WHO region or a country can be certified as polio free. AFP surveillance being one of the critical elements in polio eradication campaign, aims to report and investigate all cases of acute flaccid paralysis occurring in children aged less than 15 years using clinical, epidemiological and laboratory methods. The information collected is cleaned and entered, into a database and maintained in EPI Info format at the WHO country office of each of the 46 countries, the three sub regional offices or Inter country Support Teams (IST) offices and the WHO African Regional Office. In addition, data from sixteen polio laboratories in various African countries maintain records of the laboratory findings and results of confirmed polio cases. The quality of data generated through AFP surveillance and maintained in the African regional data base has not been critically and systematically reviewed and documented. This study therefore was designed to gather information and document the quality of AFP data base, a key component of the global polio eradication effort. A cross-sectional descriptive study involving the retrospective review of clinical and laboratory databases of AFP surveillance over a five year period (2004 - 2008) was designed. In this study, databases of CIFs containing clinical and laboratory data from AFP cases reported from all 46 countries of the WHO African Region comprising of 57,619 clinical and 59,843 laboratory records were critically reviewed.

No description available.

<p>The aim of the study was to describe immunization coverage for DPT, Polio and Measles among children of ages between 12 to 18 months in Kawempe Division and to investigate factors associated with immunization coverage. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 239 households with children aged between 12-18 months in five villages that were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. Information on demographic and socio-economic factors and immunization status was obtained from mothers and caretakers. Immunization coverage and analysis of associations between immunization coverage and demographic and socio-economic factors were done.</p>

<p>The aim of the study was to describe immunization coverage for DPT, Polio and Measles among children of ages between 12 to 18 months in Kawempe Division and to investigate factors associated with immunization coverage. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 239 households with children aged between 12-18 months in five villages that were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. Information on demographic and socio-economic factors and immunization status was obtained from mothers and caretakers. Immunization coverage and analysis of associations between immunization coverage and demographic and socio-economic factors were done.</p>

Magister Public Health - MPH / The aim of the study was to describe immunization coverage for DPT, Polio and Measles among children of ages between 12 to 18 months in Kawempe Division and to investigate factors associated with immunization coverage. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 239 households with children aged between 12-18 months in five villages that were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. Information on demographic and socio-economic factors and immunization status was obtained from mothers and caretakers. Immunization coverage and analysis of associations between immunization coverage and demographic and socio-economic factors were done. / South Africa

Polio epidemics appeared in Sweden in 1881 and at the turn of the 20th century the disease became an annual feature in the epidemiological pattern. Due to vaccination starting in 1957 epidemics ceased to exist in Sweden around 1965. This thesis deals with the history polio epidemics in Sweden, 1880-1965 and studies the demographical influence of polio, how the medical authorities investigated and tried to combat it, and the care of those who contracted the disease. A study of polio mortality and incidence in Sweden at the national level during 1905-1962 reveals that the disease caused 6,000 deaths out of the 51,000 cases reported. At the beginning of the 20th century polio primarily attacked children up to 10 years of age. At the end of the period victims were represented in all age groups, but mainly in the ages 15-39. Moreover, a regional incidence study shows considerable regional differences. Sweden and the USA developed different ways of investigating and explaining the causes of polio thinking that led to diverse preventive measures. Moreover, in the 1950’s Sweden developed its own vaccine, different in choice of methods and materials from the widely used Salk-vaccine. When polio was classified as an epidemic in 1905, those infected by polio were usually taken to an isolation hospital. These hospitals were owned and financed by the state. The aftercare of polio victims was organized by philanthropist organizations. Polio was associated with dirt and unhygienic circumstances until the 1950’s when the theory of polio epidemics as a backlash of good hygiene and sanitary standards was established. The theory is built upon the correlation between neonatal mortality and polio incidence. However, correlation analysis at the regional level reveals no significant relationship between these variables. In Sweden, the hygienic movement had been very influential, and this study suggests that the theory quickly was accepted, because it explained why Sweden could be hit by epidemics and still be considered a welfare state with good hygienic and sanitary standards. / digitalisering@umu

La compréhension du fonctionnement du corps humain est un challenge de recherche an de prendre une décision médicale (le diagnostic, le traitement) adéquate dans le cas des pathologies liées au syst ème musculosquelettique. Pour faire face à cette problématique, dans un premier temps, un modèle biomécanique a été développé décrivant la dynamique du mouvement avec prise en considération des caractéristiques géométriques (os et muscles) et mécaniques du système musculo-squelettique. Une étude de sensibilité de ces paramètres géométriques à partir des données de la littérature a montré l'importance de la personnalisation des ces paramètres. En application, un cas d'étude clinique d'un sujet présentant une pathologie (Heine-Medin (polio)) a été étudié. Deux modèles personnalisés (un sujet sain et un sujet pathologique) ont été réalisés. Les résultats obtenus ont montré l'intérêt d'une modélisation personnalisée pour évaluer et concevoir des orthèses personnalisés. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons proposé une nouvelle classe de modèle - un méta modèle (Système d'Aide à la Décision) - intégrant des résultats du domaine de l'ingénierie des connaissances pour prédire, diagnostiquer, classer et proposer un traitement des pathologies du système musculo-squelettique des membres inférieurs (anomalies rotationnelles (AR), enfants PC (Paralysie Cérébrale), pied bot). La modélisation de ce méta modèle se base sur les modèles mathématiques prédictifs pour prendre une décision médicale (une prédiction, un diagnostic, ou une classi cation). Le but nal est de dégager un résultat cliniquement applicable. Ce système est générique, exible, et extensible et permet donc l'étude et l'analyse de pathologies diverses du système musculosquelettique des membres inférieurs. Enn, une comparaison de ces deux approches de modélisation a été eectuée an d'évaluer leur complémentarité pour une utilisation clinique.

The thesis deals with chances and difficulties, which a family bringing up a child with polio has to cope with. In the theoretical part a child with a polio is characterized, the influence of the birth and upbringing of a child with polio on the life of its siblings and parents is described. Next, the cooperation with experts, organizations and institutions is considered as well as help from the society in the form of special advantages and social benefits. In the practical part the experience, opinions and feelings of parents bringing up a child with polio are presented on the base of a performed research. The main objective of the research was to find out how the birth and upbringing of a child with polio influences the family life, which difficulties and chances in various forms the parents met with and what is their opinion of them.