The goal of this Thesis is to introduce the circumstances of creation the political party TOP09, its development, results in elections in years 2010 - 2018 and its position in current political scene. In the introduction I will define the theoretical background and context. I will interduce the political party, its place in the system and I mention the typology of political parties. Then I will describe the party system with an emphasis on party system in Czech Republic. In the main part of the Thesis I will describe circumstances of creation the political party TOP09 and define programmatic of the party. I'm going to analyze a reason of successes and failures of the party in elections, which took place on Czech Republic, since its creation in 2008 till present year 2018. In this thesis is based on analytical, descriptive and comparative methods.

Right-wing parties in European states have improved electorally in recent years. The small German Republikaner party is representative of these successes. This study examines outcomes for the Republikaner that may be attributable to movements on a number of policy issues.

In the presented thesis the author analyses the possible influence of the membership of judges in political parties, churches, and religious societies, on independence and impartiality. On one side, there stands a political orientation and expression of political opinions, which is quite significantly repressed in the Czech Republic for all the judges. On top, the draft of the amendment of the Courts and Judges Act presently discussed in the Parliament includes a prohibition of membership of judges in political parties. On the other side, there stands a religious belief and a membership of a judge in a church and in a religious society that does not raise nearly any doubts about judges' independence and impartiality. That is why the author has decided to analyze both of the memberships together in the presented thesis and compare them to each other. The thesis itself is systematically written in eight parts which are divided into chapters and subchapters. In the beginning, the reader is introduced to the basic terms - independence and impartiality of judges. Then the author continues presenting rules of judicial ethics that aim to upheld independence and impartiality. Consequently, the author analyses the influence of political orientation and religious belief on judges' decision making. Generally...

After the Christian democratic CDU party was forced into the opposition after the parliamentary elections of 1969 it created a program commission which should update the party's Berlin Program adopted few months earlier. Surprisingly it drafted a wholly new party manifesto challenging crucial dogmas of party's policies which led to stormy discussions. This thesis argues that this development was a consequence of generation change in the party which was accelerated by the loss of government as well as a result of the influence of the chairman of the program commission, Helmut Kohl. Kohl was a leading figure of the young rising generation in the party and a strong proponent of party reform. He created conditions in the commission for creation of a progressive proposal by giving influence to talented young reform oriented politicians. But the conservatives in the party were still strong enough to fight back and moderate the reform impetus of the draft. Party committee redrafted it and weakened some central progressive statements. Only the undisputable loss in the elections of 1972 and following election of Helmut Kohl to party chairman made the way free for a thru party reform. Many of the young politicians allied with Kohl during the program discussion in early 1970s became key figures in the CDU....

The master thesis "True Finns. Establishment of right-wing populism in Finland?" deals with political party True Finns (The Finns, PS), its historical development and current position in Finnish party system. The master thesis is devided into three chapters. The first chapter deals with populist radical right political parties (PRR), which have established themselves in a lot of Western Europe party systém (inluding Scandinavia). Finland represented a state which had been immune of PRR. The aim of the first chapter is to answer an question, which are the main reasons of PRR emergence, respectively which were the reasons which delayed the Finnish PRR. The second chapter is concerned with political party True Finns (The Finns, PS), its historical development and ideological profile. The chapter reffers to ideological and personal roots in Finnish Rural Party. A part of the chapter is ideological core used by Cas Mudde (nativism, authoritarianism, populism) which is supplemented by an economical programme. The final part deals with the parliamentary election 2012. The final chapter concerns with current PS position in Finnish party systém and with impact on finnish politics. The chapter is closed with positive and negative factors for the future development.

The thesis focuses on influence of the AMS (Additional Member System) upon party systems of Scotland and Wales. This system is used for elections to Scottish parliament and Welsh national assembly. It was applied for the first election that was held in 1999 and it is still in use. This means AMS is used in both regions for the same time period, which allows us to compare the influence which the system has in different environment. The thesis analyzes results of all elections that were held in Scotland and Wales and defines their influence on particular parties and party systems it operates in. On the basis of these findings the general influence of AMS is formulated. Theoretical concepts by Maurice Duverger and Giovanni Sartori are used as a background for study of election systems and party systems. The position voter support and its changes are analyzed through valence theory, which uses opinion polls to explain election results. At the first sight the AMS seems to be the same one as another election system - MMP (Mixed Member Proportional). These systems are often confused or perceived as the same ones. So except the election results analysis this thesis explains also the difference between these systems and classifies them into right categories. It shows up that each of the systems belongs to...

In the first part of this study we describe different ways of view of the definition and analysis of party network in the Europe and the USA. The theoretical part deals also with evolutionary theory of political parties and different definitions of political parties. The practical part of the study focuses on the description of selected organizations that have a demonstrable relationship with the Czech Social Democrats and the few exceptions are surveyed organizations subordinate to them, or are very closely related with this party. This study therefore describes and analyses various organizations in terms of their focus, the number of members or the way of financing, but also in terms of interconnection with the party and among themselves. We mentioned also the unions, whose connection with the CSSD is based on history background. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive description of the surveyed organizations and at least generally assess their personal connections and influence of the direction of the CSSD. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The aim of the thesis Applications of The Theory of Second-Order Elections to Elections in the Czech Republic is to answer the research question, whether is the theory fulfilled in the Czech Republic, through various hypotheses. The introduction introduces the intention of my research. The theoretical part deals with the original Theory of Second-order elections, which was introduced already in 1980 by authors Karlheinz Reif and Hermann Schmitt. During the next electoral cycles, the Theory of Second-order elections was more refined and reflected by other theoreticians, whose contribution is a source of inspiration for my theoretical part. Another major chapter presents the methodology and research design. This chapter defines hypotheses. The Thesis is trying to prove, or disprove the following hypotheses. Electoral participation in the case of Second-order elections is lower than in the case of the First-order elections. The Second-order elections tend to punish ruling parties. Political parties that currently govern, gets in case of Second-order elections less votes. Governmental parties lose the most electoral support in the middle of their term and it turns out the influence of the electoral cycle. Small political subjects have a greater chance of success during the Second-order elections than...

I Sveriges val 2018 fick åtta partier mandaten i Riksdagen: M, C, S, V, L, KD, SD och MP. Partiernas organisation finns på tre nivåer. Partiföreningen finns på lokal nivå och omfattar vanligtvis en kommun. Partidistriktet kallas den länsvisa organisationsnivån. Distriktsorganisationer är sammanknutna i en riksorganisation. Lokala partiföreningar är registrerade som ideella föreningar.  På årsmöte väljer medlemmar styrelsen, kassör, revisorer och revisorssuppleanter. Revisorer valda på årsmötet kan vara en yrkesverksam revisor eller en lekmannarevisor det vill säga någon som ställer upp ideellt och som inte yrkesmässigt arbetar med revision. Revisorn skall ha en kontrollerande funktion i föreningen därför kommer det bli lärorikt att studera hur revisorerna lever upp till sin roll i svenska lokala partiföreningar.  Revisorn roll i partiföreningar handlar om vilka möjligheter som finns för att kunna utföra det uppdrag som revisorn har i dessa föreningar. Det finns både interna och externa faktorer som påverkar revisorns handlingsutrymme. Dessa faktorer studerades för att skapa en tydligare bild av revisorns roll i lokala partiföreningar.  Frågeställning: Vilka faktorer påverkar revisorernas handlingsutrymme i lokala partiföreningar?  Syftet med denna studie är utforska faktorerna som påverkar revisorernas handlingsutrymme i dessa föreningar.  Slutsats: samtliga intervjuade revisorer i de lokala partiföreningarna upplever att deras handlingsutrymme räcker gott och väl. Revisorerna är medvetna om sin kontrollerande roll. Deras granskningsarbete utgör också ett stöd och trygghet för medlemmar och för styrelsen.  Resultatet kan användas för att öka kunskap om revisorns roll i lokala partiföreningar och göra partiföreningar medvetna om vilka faktorer som påverkar revisorernas handlingsutrymme samt klargöra vikten av dessa när partiföreningen utser revisorer i framtiden. / In Sweden's 2018 elections, eight parties were given the mandate in Parliament: M, C, S, V, L, KD, SD, MP. The parties' organization exists on three levels: party associations at the municipal level and district organizations linked together in a national organization. Party associations at the municipal level are registered as non-profit associations.  During annual meetings, members elect the board, treasurer, auditors, and deputy auditors. Auditors elected at the annual meeting may be a professional accountant or a lay auditor, i.e. someone who does not professionally work with auditing but who is volunteering. The auditor has a controlling function in the association, so it will be instructive to study the role of the auditors in Swedish party associations at the municipal level.  The role of the auditor in party associations is about what possibilities exist to be able to do their job, which the auditor has in these associations. There are several internal and external factors that affect the auditor's discretion. These factors were explored to create a clear picture of the auditor's role in party associations at the municipal level.  There is no previous research on which factors affect the auditor's discretions in party associations. The result can be used to increase knowledge of the auditor's role the municipal level as well as to make party associations aware of the factors that affect the auditors' scope and clarify the importance of these when the party association appoints auditors in the future.  Question: What factors affect the auditors' discretions for party associations at municipal level?  The conclusion of the study is that all auditor in party associations feel that their discretion is more than enough. The auditors are aware of their controlling role. Their audit work it is support and security to the members as well as the board.  The purpose of this study is to probe the factors that affect the auditor's discretion within these associations.

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