This thesis develops an account of non-domination as a principle of legitimacy that ought to govern both inter-group and intra-group relations in multicultural states. It applies this principle to the question of how political institutions should respond to claims for the accommodation of controversial minority practices, using the example of the polygamous community in Bountiful, British Columbia. In developing this account, the thesis engages with three bodies of theoretical literature – of multiculturalism, of political legitimacy, and of autonomy. In the dominant normative theories of multiculturalism, answers are centered on what the limits of toleration are, what it means to recognize a collective identity, or what group rights can be claimed and how group rights are balanced with individual rights. While not rejecting the importance of these issues in a pluralistic state, my approach de-centers them by subsuming them under the broader problem of what makes a political authority morally legitimate vis-à-vis particular collective - as well as abstract individual - subjects. I argue that the most promising response to this problem lies with the concept of non-domination, conceived as a foundational principle of political legitimacy for multicultural states. This principle both demands and checks a democratic method for determining specific forms of accommodation. In some cases the advancement of non-domination between groups conflicts with the advancement of non-domination within groups. In political theory this question is often taken up by feminist scholars concerned with the ‘paradox of multicultural vulnerability’ and, more generally, with the dilemma of how to identify and critique internalized oppression while promoting full respect for individual moral agency. Borrowing from these debates, I outline a conception of the relational moral autonomy of the person and argue that it forms a necessary component of a non-domination- based analysis. The conclusion of the thesis with respect to minority social practices is that specific claims should be determined on the basis of a democratic process aimed at uncovering whether and when, all things considered, the accommodation of that particular practice is consistent with non-domination both between and within groups. / Thesis (Ph.D, Political Studies) -- Queen's University, 2011-09-29 11:13:58.516

The thesis investigates the basis of possible sources of shifts in the classical conceptualizations of political legitimacy of nation state as a result of the impositions of globalization. To this end, it first suggested that we should have a theory of globalization. Globalization in the fields of economy, politics, society, culture and identity along with fragmentation provides crucial changes in the roles and functions of the state, which result in fundamental transformation in the distinctive features of nation state, such as autonomy, capacity, unity, territoriality, sovereignty and identity. The depreciation in the classical roles and functions of nation state is observed in its decreasing capacity to cope with emerging global threats, such as environmental pollution, unequal development and international crimes. Economic globalization deprives nation state of its autonomy in determining its own economic policies. And identity/culture assertions of the locality disintegrate the unity and identity of nation state. Decreasing autonomy, capacity and unity lead to further depreciation in other two fundamental features of nation state, which are territoriality and sovereignty. These developments force nation state to find out new ways of legitimizing its position under the global context. In classical conceptions, political legitimacy of nation state had been constructed within the framework of the premises of its autonomy, sovereignty, territoriality, unity, identity and capacity. However, those fundamental characteristics of nation state seem to be depreciating under the global context. Actually, this depreciation will result in a new conceptualization of political legitimacy under globalization. Therefore, in this re-conceptualization of political legitimacy, individual, local and global impositions emerge as major sources. Nation state, which is eager to resituate itself in a legitimate basis in the twenty first century, should take into account emerging individual, local and global concerns.

Utgångspunkten i denna studie är att synliggöra om jämställdhetsperspektivet i förhållande till det politiska styrets sammansättning skulle kunna antas vara en påverkansfaktor när det kommer till det politiska styrets legitimitet. Studien utgår ifrån tidigare forskning och teorier kring jämställdhetsfaktorns påverkan på politisk legitimitet så väl som organisationers överlevnad, vikten av igenkänning och förutsättningar för att förstå enskildas behov och intressen. För att uppfylla studiens syfte och undersöka om dagens politiska jämställdhet både korrelerar med legitimiteten och kanske till och med kan antas påverka utfallet har det genom det teoretiska underlaget tagits fram 3 hypoteser. Hypoteser som anger riktning på relationen mellan jämställhet och legitimitet genom att identifiera indikatorer för det senare samt testa dessa med hjälp av korrelations- och regressionsanalyser. Av resultatet att döma syntes relationer existera i enlighet med det teoretiska underlaget men att anta att jämställdhet spelar någon faktiskt roll och kanske till och med påverkar nivån av legitimitet går inte att säga. De genomförda analyserna visade att den överblicksbild av relationen mellan jämställdhet och politisk legitimitet som syns under början på 2000-talet inte säger mer än att det finns en relation fenomen mellan idag. Och att det på grund av studiens begränsningar inte går att utläsa om den ena faktorn påverkan den andra. För att dra sådana slutsatser krävs en mer omfattande longitudinell studie som även tar hänsyn till de förändrade synsätten på jämställdhet över tid. / The starting point of this study is to make visible whether the gender perspective in relation to the composition of political governance could be assumed to be an influencing factor when it comes to its legitimacy. The study is based on previous research and theories about the gender equality factor's impact on political legitimacy as well as the survival of organizations, the importance of recognition and the conditions for understanding individuals' needs and interests. To fulfill the purpose of the study and investigate whether today's political gender equality both correlates with legitimacy and perhaps even can be assumed to affect the outcome, 3 hypotheses have been developed through the theoretical basis. Hypotheses that indicate the direction of the relationship between equality and legitimacy by identifying indicators for the latter and testing these using correlation and regression analyses. Judging from the result, relations appeared to exist in accordance with the theoretical material, but to assume that equality plays any actual role and perhaps even affects the level of legitimacy cannot be said. The analyses carried out showed that the overview of the relationship between gender equality and political legitimacy that is visible in the early 2000s says nothing more than that there is a relationship between them today. And that due to the study's limitations it is not possible to determine whether one factor affects the other. To draw such conclusions, a more comprehensive longitudinal study is required that also considers the changing views on gender equality over time. / <p>2022-06-14</p>

4 Implementation of the state of emergency in the Czech Republic during the coronavirus pandemic Abstrakt The thesis entitled "The application of the state of emergency in the Czech Republic in the context of the coronavirus pandemic" responds to the current events surrounding the Covid- 19 pandemic. The thesis provides insight into the background of the pandemic in the Czech Republic. The thesis examines the application of the state of emergency as a tool to tackle the pandemic situation and how the legitimacy of this state of emergency and the restrictive measures taken along with it are assessed by society. The thesis focuses on the factors that have fundamentally influenced the people's perception of the restrictive measures taken by the government. Indeed, trust in the anti-pandemic measures themselves are an important part of their effectiveness. Key Words: state of emergency, pandemic, Covid-19, coronavirus, legitimacy, legality, government, Czech Republic

No / Environmental decisions made by individuals, civil society and the state involve questions of economic efficiency, environmental effectiveness, equity and political legitimacy. These four criteria are constitutive of economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development, which has become the dominant rhetorical device of environmental governance. We discuss the tendency for different strands of social science to focus on particular subsets of the four criteria and argue that such a practice promotes solutions that do not acknowledge the dynamics of scale and the heterogeneity of institutional and historical contexts. We propose a more interdisciplinary approach to understanding environmental decisions that seeks to identify legitimate and context-sensitive institutional solutions producing equitable, efficient and effective outcomes. We examine two examples that illustrate the indivisible and integrated nature of the four criteria in actual environmental decisions. The first example relates to international efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the second one to local resource management in the UK. We utilise the example to outline a new agenda for future research on environmental governance and decision-making.

This study attempts to capture the role and limits of the erstwhile Bophuthatswana state in implementing a set of reforms directed at the contradictions of uneven development, created by itself. This was undertaken on the basis of an internal hegemony perpetrated upon the rural masses, political patronage, and the role of the land-grabbing elite in supporting the regime on the basis of the resilience of its power. The realization that the Bophuthatswana state lacked the legitimacy, politically required to meet the aspirations of the majority of the people, in respect to sustained development on a democratic basis and, owing to a lack of popular support, resulted in a state which suffered from a fiscal, administrative and discontinuity crisis.The agrarian crisis was characterized in its objective and subjective dimensions in terms of sharply uneven development among the rural power base and in terms of massive rural poverty and political tensions. On this basis the study attempted to look at the management and role of general agriculture, extension, state veterinary services, training, and the failure of rural development initiatives within the former Bophuthatswana. The research hypothesis of the study was that efficient and effective management of veterinary services in the erstwhile Bophuthatswana were flawed due to the legitimacy crisis in state power. An urgent need thus exists and existed for a unifying framework that is sufficiently comprehensive to explain the fact of underdevelopment, and yet simple enough to provide a set of guidelines that can and could be more specific in historical, geographical and ideological contexts, in order to serve as a basis for policy formulation and political action in an emerging new South Africa.The hypothesis and research objectives of the study were validated by means of subjecting them to analysis and, in so doing qualitative open-ended interview schedules were utilized. In addition, discussion by the process of interview with personnel within specific organizations in the agricultural sector and other state departments within the administrative services were conducted overtime. In further validating the hypothesis and research objectives, quantitative structured questions were constructed with the study leader and tested with a pilot group. Field work was conducted at selected sites within the erstwhile Bophuthatswana. The collection and use of statistical data made available by government institutions at the time was also utilized. These methodologies lent themselves to validating the hypothesis and research objectives. The research findings highlight the outcomes of the research and verify the assertions made in this study. Amongst others, it was found that the Bophuthatswana state, entered into a fiscal administrative and discontinuity crisis from the very beginning of its so-called independence.Land reform and rural development programmes can be effective mechanisms in the creation of social articulation and mass based democratic regimes and that; this was not possible in the erstwhile Bophuthatswana; owing to a host of factors which were articulated and confirmed in the study.The study confirms that extension and training within agricultural development can play a pivotal role in accommodating change through the effective development of human resources. The study further confirms the view that non-formal education, extension, training and agricultural development must be pursued and coordinated, in the interest of a more acceptable society. Finally, the contradictions of the agrarian question and unequal development, against the equation of food and massive poverty, can only be expected to deepen in this region of South Africa. The study concludes with a host of recommendations for veterinary services reform, and for further research. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Public Management and Administration)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2008.

This study attempts to capture the role and limits of the erstwhile Bophuthatswana state in implementing a set of reforms directed at the contradictions of uneven development, created by itself. This was undertaken on the basis of an internal hegemony perpetrated upon the rural masses, political patronage, and the role of the land-grabbing elite in supporting the regime on the basis of the resilience of its power. The realization that the Bophuthatswana state lacked the legitimacy, politically required to meet the aspirations of the majority of the people, in respect to sustained development on a democratic basis and, owing to a lack of popular support, resulted in a state which suffered from a fiscal, administrative and discontinuity crisis.The agrarian crisis was characterized in its objective and subjective dimensions in terms of sharply uneven development among the rural power base and in terms of massive rural poverty and political tensions. On this basis the study attempted to look at the management and role of general agriculture, extension, state veterinary services, training, and the failure of rural development initiatives within the former Bophuthatswana. The research hypothesis of the study was that efficient and effective management of veterinary services in the erstwhile Bophuthatswana were flawed due to the legitimacy crisis in state power. An urgent need thus exists and existed for a unifying framework that is sufficiently comprehensive to explain the fact of underdevelopment, and yet simple enough to provide a set of guidelines that can and could be more specific in historical, geographical and ideological contexts, in order to serve as a basis for policy formulation and political action in an emerging new South Africa.The hypothesis and research objectives of the study were validated by means of subjecting them to analysis and, in so doing qualitative open-ended interview schedules were utilized. In addition, discussion by the process of interview with personnel within specific organizations in the agricultural sector and other state departments within the administrative services were conducted overtime. In further validating the hypothesis and research objectives, quantitative structured questions were constructed with the study leader and tested with a pilot group. Field work was conducted at selected sites within the erstwhile Bophuthatswana. The collection and use of statistical data made available by government institutions at the time was also utilized. These methodologies lent themselves to validating the hypothesis and research objectives. The research findings highlight the outcomes of the research and verify the assertions made in this study. Amongst others, it was found that the Bophuthatswana state, entered into a fiscal administrative and discontinuity crisis from the very beginning of its so-called independence.Land reform and rural development programmes can be effective mechanisms in the creation of social articulation and mass based democratic regimes and that; this was not possible in the erstwhile Bophuthatswana; owing to a host of factors which were articulated and confirmed in the study.The study confirms that extension and training within agricultural development can play a pivotal role in accommodating change through the effective development of human resources. The study further confirms the view that non-formal education, extension, training and agricultural development must be pursued and coordinated, in the interest of a more acceptable society. Finally, the contradictions of the agrarian question and unequal development, against the equation of food and massive poverty, can only be expected to deepen in this region of South Africa. The study concludes with a host of recommendations for veterinary services reform, and for further research. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Public Management and Administration)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2008.

This thesis examines the effect political trust has on voter turnout among foreign born citizens in Sweden. Economic theory is used as theoretical framework for this study and describes two types of rationale; rationale of voting and rationale of migration, which must be taking into the account when trying to understand the effect of political trust among foreign born citizens. It is from this argued that the incentives to vote for foreign born citizens are very low but that political trust is high due to an improved standard of living. Based on previous research on the positive relationship of political trust and voter turnout as well as the rationale behind it, hypotheses are constructed to be tested in statistical analysis. The hypotheses are that probability to vote increases with political trust, foreign born citizens have higher political trust than native citizens, but that the effect of political trust on voter turnout among foreign born citizens is weaker than for native citizens. The empirical data used for the study are gathered from the 2016 round of the European Social Survey. The statistical analysis supports the hypotheses that probability to vote increases with political trust and that foreign born citizens do have a higher political trust than native citizens. This support in combination with the knowledge that foreign born citizens vote to a lesser degree creates a paradox that would be solved by the last hypothesis, that the effect is weaker among foreign born citizens. However, this hypothesis cannot be completely supported, but there are reasons to believe that with better data the outcome would be positive. The study still reaches the conclusion that political trust among foreign born people is an important issue to take into account for policy makers and future research.

The diploma thesis aims to analyze the political role of multinational business corporations in present globalized world. In this sense, the thesis focuses on the nature of the political role in terms of political theory and corporate social responsibility (CSR) theory and on explanation of possible reasons why corporations accept certain functions in fulfilling the so-called policy gaps or providing public goods. Another question that the work raises is where the legitimacy of corporations operating in the sphere of public policy stems. In the practical part, the thesis focuses on the activities of several multinational business corporations in the field of environment and the subsequent transformation of environmental policy at the global level.

The diploma thesis aims to analyze the political role of multinational business corporations in present globalized world. In this sense, the thesis focuses on the nature of the political role in terms of political theory and corporate social responsibility (CSR) theory and on explanation of possible reasons why corporations accept certain functions in fulfilling the so-called policy gaps or providing public goods. Another question that the work raises is where the legitimacy of corporations operating in the sphere of public policy stems. In the practical part, the thesis focuses on the activities of several multinational business corporations in the field of environment and the subsequent transformation of environmental policy at the global level.