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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Copolymères greffés et matériaux nanostructurés à base de polyméthacrylate de méthyle et de polyamide-6

Freluche, Mathilde 30 November 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Cette étude porte sur l'élaboration de matériaux polymères nanostructurés à base de poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA) et de polyamide-6 (PA-6). Les mélanges sont réalisés par extrusion réactive, c'est à dire par mélangeage en fondu de chaînes de polymères portant des groupes mutuellement réactifs. La réaction de greffage a lieu entre la fonction amine en bout de chaîne du PA-6 et des groupes anhydride le long des chaînes de PMMA. Les compositions des mélanges extrudés et des copolymères formés peuvent être déterminées, dans la plupart des systèmes, à l'aide d'une méthode de caractérisation principalement basée sur la chromatographie d'exclusion stérique. Ces résultats combinés à la microscopie électronique en transmission ont permis de déterminer les caractéristiques optimales des polymères employés (composition du PMMA réactif et taille des chaînes de PA-6) afin de former des mélanges nanostructurés. Dans ce système, la formation de mélanges nanostructurés est limitée à des PA-6 de faible masse molaire. En revanche, lorsqu'un copolymère à bloc contenant deux blocs PMMA fonctionnalisés anhydride et un bloc central incompatible est utilisé dans les mélanges, la taille de la dispersion n'est que légèrement affectée par la taille des chaînes de PA-6. La cristallinité du PA dans les matériaux nanostructurés a été étudiée. Les propriétés des matériaux étudiées ici (résistance aux solvants et évolution du module de conservation avec la température) peuvent être corrélées à leur structuration et à la connectivité des domaines de PA-6 dans le matériau.
52

Effect of in-plane voiding on the fracture behavior of laser sintered polyamide

Leigh, David Keith 20 February 2012 (has links)
Laser Sintering, a method of additive manufacturing, is used in the production of concept models, functional prototypes, and end-use production parts. As the technology has transitioned from a product development tool to an accepted production technique, functional qualities have become increasingly important. Tension properties reported for popular polyamide sintering materials are comparable to the molded properties with the exception of elongation. Reported strains for laser sintered polyamide are in the 15-30% range with 200-400% strains reported for molding. (CES Edupack n.d.) The primary contributors to poor mechanical properties in polyamide materials used during Selective Laser Sintering® are studied. Methods to quantify decreased mechanical properties are compared against each other and against mechanical properties of components fabricated using multiple process parameters. Of primary interest are Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and Elongation at Break (EOB) of tensile specimens fabricated under conditions that produce varying degrees of ductile and brittle fracture. / text
53

Formulation et morphologies de mélanges de polymères thermoplastiques à base d'amidon

Teyssandier, Fabien 06 December 2011 (has links) (PDF)
L'objectif de cette thèse est le développement de matériaux polymères injectables innovants issus de ressources renouvelables et répondant aux exigences techniques automobiles. Pour cela nous nous sommes intéressés à des mélanges de polymères modèles : le polyamide 12 et l'amidon plastifié. Nos travaux ont donc porté sur l'optimisation des propriétés de ces mélanges, via le contrôle de la morphologie. Ainsi deux stratégies ont été envisagées : la compatibilisation du mélange grâce à deux agents réactifs et la modification des paramètres de mise en œuvre. Ces deux stratégies se sont révélées être efficace pour l'amélioration des propriétés des mélanges. Enfin à partir de cette étude sur les polymères modèles, des matériaux issus de ressources renouvelables ont été formulés. De même une étape de compatibilisation à partir d'une résine époxy a été envisagée permettant au final d'obtenir des matériaux ayant des propriétés optimisées.
54

Développement d'un absorbant acoustique écologique à base de polymère

Biboud, Julien January 2012 (has links)
L'objectif principale [i.e. principal] de ce travail était de proposer un matériau acoustique absorbant issu de recyclage et/ou recyclé pouvant être une alternative à la laine minérale encore très largement utilisée. Ce projet découlait initialement d'un besoin du Ministère des Transports du Québec (MTQ) qui souhaitait concevoir de nouveaux écrans acoustiques routiers selon les principes du développement durable définis par le gouvernement du Québec [1]. En d'autres termes, ce matériau devait être fait de matériaux recyclés et/ou recyclables, sa fabrication et sa récupération peu énergivores et ses distances de transports faibles; sous-entendant une fabrication locale [2]. Ainsi, dans cette étude nous avons clairement mis en évidence que les fibres de nylon recyclées, largement disponible [i.e. disponibles] au Québec, sont tout aussi efficaces voire supérieure [i.e. supérieures] à la traditionnelle laine minérale dont la fabrication est très énergivore et est difficilement recyclable [3-4]. Enfin un modèle simple prédictif basé sur la masse volumique de panneaux de fibres compactées a été proposé, validé et discuté.
55

Thermo-oxidative degradation of polyamide 6

Grigg, Michael Nathan January 2006 (has links)
The thermo-oxidative degradation of unstabilized polyamide 6 (PA-6) was investigated by a number of novel techniques in an attempt to achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the oxidative degradation of polymers. Particular attention was given to the influence of end groups on PA-6 oxidation by studying samples that terminated predominantly in carboxylic, amine or methyl end groups. The changes occurring in the oxidative stabilities and mechanisms of PA-6 as a result of altering the end groups of PA-6 were investigated by a technique termed CL-DSC, which simultaneously measures the chemiluminescence (CL) and heat flow (DSC) from a sample. When amine end groups were abundant in the PA-6 sample a chemically induced electron exchange luminescence (CIEEL) mechanism could occur directly and the CL intensity was proportional to the heat flow curve of the DSC. However, when amine end groups were absent it was the first derivative of the CL intensity that was proportional to the heat flow curve because the CIEEL mechanism could not operate until an easily oxidisable luminescent oxidation product was formed. Due to the dramatic effect end groups have on the oxidation mechanisms of PA-6 it was hypothesized that end groups could be sites analogous to the impurities in polyolefins that lead to heterogeneous oxidation. To test this hypothesis, CL Imaging was used to map the occurrence and extent of oxidation across samples of PA-6 to display the influence end groups have on the homogeneous or heterogeneous nature of PA-6 oxidation. Sequences of FTIES spectra collected at specified time intervals during the in situ oxidation of PA-6 samples terminating in the different end groups were turned into oxidation product profiles. The differences between spectra related to significant points on the oxidation profiles were compared in an attempt to elucidate the chemical or physical changes occurring in the samples during oxidation. To identify the species involved in the mechanistically different oxidation processes resulting from the different end groups, methods for the MALDI-TOF analysis of non-oxidized and oxidized PA- 6 samples were developed via trial and error. It was only possible to detect the occurrence of degradation products by MALDI-TOF MS after considerable oxidation as measured by chemiluminescence, by which time the species were the result of a number of oxidative processes. Therefore, identification of the species formed was not possible.
56

A scalable method for the production of pH responsive polyamide microcapsules for drug delivery : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury /

Kelton, William. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M.E.)--University of Canterbury, 2008. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-125). Also available via the World Wide Web.
57

Efeitos da radiação ionizante nas propriedades de compósitos de poliamida 6 com dióxido de silício coloidal (AEROSIL&reg) / Ionizing radiation effects on polyamide 6 composites with colloidal silicon dioxide (AEROSIL&reg)

Camila Almeida Amorim 08 November 2017 (has links)
Os polímeros têm sido usados em áreas diferentes, como indústrias automotivas, eletrônicas e de construção civil. A poliamida 6 (PA 6) é um dos principais plásticos de engenharia com aplicações em diversas áreas produtivas, devido as suas propriedades térmicas, mecânicas e a estabilidade dimensional. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi estudar a potencialidade do uso do dióxido de silício coloidal (SiO2) como carga em substituição ao talco, estudando o efeito da radiação ionizante em suas propriedades. O SiO2 é uma substância amorfa com baixa densidade que tem potencial para ser usado como carga mineral em substituição ao talco na matriz da resina de PA 6. Atualmente o talco é a carga mineral mais utilizada pelas indústrias, por isto vem sofrendo redução de suas reservas ao longo dos anos. Este estudo foi desenvolvido a partir da preparação de um \"masterbeach\" de PA 6 com SiO2. Posteriormente, este \"masterbeach\" foi fracionado em diferentes porcentagens em uma matriz de PA 6. Os corpos de prova das amostras foram processados em uma extrusora dupla rosca, injetados e irradiados no acelerador de elétrons para estudar o efeito da radiação ionizante no compósito de PA 6 com diferentes porcentagens de SiO2. Assim sendo, as propriedades destes compósitos foram analisadas e comparadas com as propriedades das amostras de PA6 com talco. Os resultados mostraram que a utilização do SiO2 como carga para a poliamida 6 é tecnicamente viável, uma vez que suas propriedades foram semelhantes ao compósito de PA 6 com talco. A irradiação dos compósitos estudados apresentou melhorias principalmente nas propriedades térmicas e mecânicas. / Polymers have been used in different fields, such as automotive, civil construction and electronics industries. Polyamide 6 (PA 6) is one of the main engineering plastics with several productive applications areas. By the same token, there was an interest in improving their thermal, mechanical and dimensional stability properties. The main objective of this work was to study the potentiality of colloidal silicon dioxide such as filler. According to literature, SiO2 is an amorphous substance with low density. In addition, this material has the potential to be used as a mineral filler to replace the talc in the PA 6 resin matrix. Therefore, SiO2 load was compared to the mineral filler talc which is currently used by industries. Consequently, their reservations are decreasing all over the years. Indeed, these studies were developed from colloidal silicon dioxide with PA 6 the masterbatch elaboration. In addition, the masterbatch was fractionated in different percentages in a PA 6 matrix. It is important to emphasize that all samples were injected and irradiated by an electrons accelerator. Furthermore, the effect of ionizing radiation on the PA 6 composite in different SiO2 percentages was studied. In short, radiation interacts with the polymer by transferring energy to a polymer chain causing modifications that are interfering with its properties. Thus, the mechanical and thermal properties of these composites were measured. In this manner, the irradiation composite studied in that research brought improvements in the thermal and mechanical properties evaluated. In conclusion, results have shown that the use of colloidal silicon dioxide in polyamide 6 composite is technically feasible load to replace talc.
58

Avaliação das propriedades mecanicas e da morfologia de compositos ternarios de poliamida 6, borracha de etileno-propileno-dieno e fibras curtas de silica / Evaluation of the mechanical properties and the morphology of polyamide 6, ethylene-proyulene-diene rubber and short silica fibers ternary composites

Segatelli, Mariana Gava 26 July 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Maria do Carmo Gonçalves / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T15:56:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Segatelli_MarianaGava_M.pdf: 3623345 bytes, checksum: 223789f87f6234b864c485f4c771efa2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar a incorporação de fibras curtas de sílica (FS) e da borracha etileno-propileno-dieno funcionalizada com anidrido maleico (EPDM-g-AM) em polimérica de poliamida 6 (PA 6). A fibra utilizada como carga é um produto natural constituído de sílica amorfa proveniente da fossilização de animais multicelulares. Com a finalidade de promover a melhor adesão interfacial entre a fibra e a matriz polimérica, as fibras foram modificadas com aminopropiltrietoxissilano (APTS), um agente de acoplamento. Os materiais foram preparados em extrusoras monorosca e duplarosca e, submetidos a ensaios mecânicos de tração, flexão e de impacto Izod. Foram também avaliadas as características térmicas e morfológicas desses materiais. As fibras de sílica não alteraram a estabilidade térmica da PA 6 e apresentaram eficiência de reforço, dentro do intervalo de composição estudado; entretanto, o alongamento na ruptura foi comprometido. A resistência ao impacto do polímero não variou significativamente com a incorporação de FS. Por outro lado, o tipo de extrusora utilizada para processamento alterou a cristalinidade da PA 6 e, conseqüentemente, as propriedades mecânicas nos compósitos binários de PA 6/FS. A modificação da superfície da fibra com APTS não foi adequada para melhorar as propriedades mecânicas, no entanto, a análise da microestrutura dos compósitos obtidos indicou adesão entre as fases. Em relação às blendas de PA 6/EPDM-g-AM, o tamanho médio de partícula da fase dispersa promoveu um efeito de tenacificação da PA 6. Os compósitos ternários de PA 6 contendo 20% de EPDM-g-AM e proporções diferentes de FS (5 a 20%) apresentaram redução na resistência ao impacto quando pequenas quantidades de FS foram adicionadas. Apesar da redução no valor desta propriedade, os compósitos obtidos exibiram boa tenacidade. Desta forma, a combinação de fibras curtas de sílica e borracha de EPDM-g-AM em poliamida 6 permitiu recuperar parcialmente a rigidez e a resistência ao impacto, que são comprometidas quando esses aditivos são utilizados separadamente. / Abstract: The main goal of this work was to evaluate the incorporation of short silica fibers (SF) and ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, functionalized with maleic anhydride (EPDM-g-MA), in a polyamide 6 (PA 6) matrix. The fiber used as filler is a natural product made up of amorphous silica from the fossilization of multicelular animals. In order to promote a better interfacial adhesion between the fiber and the polymeric matrix, fibers were modified with the aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) coupling agent. The materials were prepared in single and twin-screw extruders for tensile, flexural and Izod impact mechanical tests. The mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of these materials were evaluated. Silica fibers did not change the thermal stability of the polymer and presented efficiency for reinforcement. However, the elongation at break was impaired. The impact strength of the polymer did not change significantly with the SF content. On the other hand, the type of extruder used for processing changed the mechanical properties and the crystallinity of PA 6 in the PA 6/SF binary composites. The fiber surface modification with APTS was not effective, as verified by the decrease of the mechanical properties. The morphology of composites showed adhesion between the phases. Taking into account the PA 6/EPDM-g-MA blends, the average size of dispersed phase, associated to impact strength in the 20% EPDM-g-MA composition promoted a toughening effect of the blends. Ternary PA 6 composites containing 20% EPDM-g-MA and different SF amounts (5-20%) presented tendency towards the reduction of the impact strength when small SF amounts were added. In spite of the reduction in the value of this mechanical property, the composites obtained exhibited good toughness. Thus, combining short silica fibers and EPDM-g-MA rubber with polyamide 6, the stiffness and the impact strength, that are impaired when these additives are separately used, were partially recovered. / Mestrado / Físico-Química / Mestre em Química
59

Uso de fibras de curaua como agente de reforço para poliamida 6 / Curaua fiber as reinforcement for polyamide 6

Santos, Paulo Aparecido dos, 1958- 21 June 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Marco-Aurelio De Paoli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T03:09:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_PauloAparecidodos_M.pdf: 1844642 bytes, checksum: 28867d508759886e272ceb5e054c9b1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O emprego de fibras vegetais para o reforço de resinas plásticas não é novo; contudo, houve preferência pelas fibras de vidro e cargas minerais como materiais de reforço com alto desempenho, devido às fibras vegetais possuírem grande volume ( baixa densidade aparente ), pouca estabilidade térmica e alta absorção de umidade. Na última década, porém, o interesse pelas fibras vegetais aumentou novamente, devido às seguintes vantagens: são provenientes de fontes renováveis; são bio-degradáveis; são recicláveis; representam uma nova fonte de renda para população rural e trazem economia de energia por meio da redução de peso dos componentes. Este trabalho avaliou a utilização da fibra de Curauá, em compósitos com poliamida-6, visando a substituição da fibra de vidro em aplicações automotivas. Inicialmente, foram preparadas amostras em misturador interno empregando-se um planejamento fatorial 4 x 2 com as variáveis: teor de fibra de 0, 20, 30 ou 40 wt % e comprimento de fibra de 0,1 ou 10 mm. As amostras com fibra de Curauá curta e com menor teor de fibra apresentaram melhor balanço de valores de tensão e módulo elástico nos testes de tração realizados. Em seguida, foram obtidas amostras com 20 wt % de fibra curta com tratamento superficial por plasma de N2 ou O2, ou lavadas com solução de NaOH por 30 min ou por 2 h, com o objetivo de aumentar a adesão entre a fibra e a matriz de poliamida-6. Posteriormente, foi realizado o processamento em duas diferentes extrusoras dupla-rosca inter-penetrante co-rotante, das amostras com 20 wt % de fibra de Curauá curta ou longa; com ou sem tratamento. Também foi estudado o efeito da ausência de secagem dos componentes antes da extrusão. Em corpos de prova injetados com essas amostras foram feitos ensaios de tração, flexão, impacto, temperatura de deflexão térmica, absorção de umidade, contração de moldagem, densidade e envelhecimento em estufa. Concluiu-se que: é possível preparar um compósito de poliamida-6 com 20 wt % de fibra de Curauá, desde que seja usado o equipamento adequado; a não secagem dos componentes antes da extrusão não afeta as propriedades mecânicas do compósito e até favorece a adesão fibra/matriz; o tratamento superficial das fibras com solução de NaOH é mais efetivo que por plasma de N2. As propriedades de tração e flexão deste compósito são melhores que as da poliamida-6 pura; porém, inferiores às da reforçada com fibra de vidro. Entretanto, sua menor densidade e sua resistência ao impacto e deflexão térmica comparáveis às da poliamida-6 reforçada com fibra de vidro, podem viabilizar a substituição desta em aplicações específicas / Abstract: The utilization of vegetal fibers as reinforcement for plastic resins is not new; nevertheless, there was a preference to use glass fiber and mineral fillers as high performance reinforcements, due to large volume ( low apparent density ), poor thermal stability and high moisture absorption of vegetal fibers. However, over the last decade, the interest for such material has increased again, because of recognized advantages such as: they come from renewable raw material sources; they are biodegradable; recyclable; they bring new jobs for the rural population and enable energy economy through the components weight reduction. This work has evaluated the utilization of Curauá fibers in polyamide-6 composites, aiming at glass fiber replacement in automotive applications. Initially, samples have been prepared in a internal mixer applying a 4 x 2 design of experiment plan with the following variables: fiber content of 0, 20, 30 or 40 wt % and fiber length of 0.1 or 10 mm. Samples with smaller content and shorter Curauá fiber have shown best balance among tensile strength and elastic modulus tests. Then, samples with 20 wt % of short fibers have been treated with N2 or O2 plasma, or washed with NaOH solution for 30 min or 2 h, focusing on enhancing adhesion between the fiber and polyamide-6 matrix. After that, samples with 20 wt % of short or long fiber, with or without pre-treatment have been compounded in two different co-rotating inter-meshing twin-screw extruders. The effect of not drying raw materials before compounding was also evaluated. Subsequently, test specimens have been injection molded with those samples and submitted to tensile, flexural, impact, heat deflection temperature, moisture absorption, mold shrinkage, density and thermal aging tests. In conclusion, it is possible to prepare polyamide-6 with 20 wt % of Curauá composite, when an appropriate compounding equipment is used. Raw materials without drying before compounding have not affected composite¿s mechanical properties and indeed have improved fiber / matrix interfacial adhesion. Surface treatment with NaOH proved to be more effective than N2 plasma. Tensile and flexural properties of this composite are better than unfilled polyamide-6; but lower than glass fiber reinforced polyamide-6. However, its impact resistance and heat deflection temperature similar to the glass fiber reinforced polyamide-6 and its lower density, can enable it to replace this latter in specific non-critical applications / Mestrado / Quimica Inorganica / Mestre em Química
60

Estudo comparativo das propriedades físicas, químicas e de degradação de um fio de poliamida 6.6 biodegradável e convencional / Comparative study of the physical, chemical and degradation properties of a biodegradable and conventional polyamide yarn 6.6.

Maria Carolina Garcia Peixoto Sacchi 21 September 2016 (has links)
A pesquisa avalia comparativamente algumas propriedades físicas e químicas da poliamida 6.6 convencional e biodegradável. Avalia também o tempo de biodegradabilidade da amostra de fio biodegradável e convencional. As propriedades físicas analisadas foram de resistência, alongamento e tenacidade. Já as propriedades químicas foram relativas ao comportamento das amostras quanto ao tingimento e avaliações de solidez posteriores ao tingimento. As amostras avaliadas foram retiradas de malhas produzidas com fio de poliamida 80 dtex f68 x 2, normal e biodegradável, sendo purgadas, alvejadas e tintas. Os resultados das análises físicas, apesar de estatisticamente diferente, possuem os valores das médias muito próximos, o que na prática representam valores aceitáveis dentro do controle estatístico de processo. Ambas as amostras normal e biodegradável apresentaram mesmo comportamento químico, não havendo nenhuma diferença. Com relação ao tempo de biodegradabilidade, sob condições laboratoriais, o dióxido de carbono produzido pelas amostras foi monitorado e medido para determinar a porcentagem de biodegradação de acordo com a norma ASTM D 5511. O fio biodegradável apresenta um tempo de biodegradação 16 vezes mais rápido do que o fio de poliamida normal, tendo 81,7% de biodegradação após 735 dias de teste. Isto representa um ganho muito grande em termos ecológicos, tratando-se de uma fibra sintética / The study evaluates comparatively some physical and chemical properties of conventional and biodegradable polyamide 6.6. It also evaluates the period of biodegradation of the biodegradable and conventional yarn. The physical properties analyzed were strength, elongation and toughness. The chemical properties were related on the behavior of the samples in dyeing and evaluation of subsequent strength dyeing. The evaluated samples were taken from knitwear produced with polyamide yarn 80 dtex f68 x 2, normal and biodegradable, being purged, bleached and dyed. The results of the physical tests, although statistically different, have values very near the average, which in practice represent acceptable values within the statistical control process. Both normal and biodegradable samples had the same chemical behavior, and there is no difference. With respect to biodegradation time under laboratory conditions, the carbon dioxide produced by the samples was monitored and measured to determine the percentage of biodegradation according to ASTM D 5511. The biodegradable yarn has a biodegradation time 16 times faster the yarn normal polyamide, having 81.7% biodegradation after 735 days of testing. This is an expressive gain in ecological terms for a synthetic fiber

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