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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Enhanced ERK1/2 activity a central feature of cystogenesis in ARPKD implications for ion transport phenotype /

Veizis, Ilir Elias. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2005. / [School of Medicine] Department of Physiology and Biophysics. Includes bibliographical references. Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.
72

Underlying purinergic signaling important for monocilium-dependent signaling in ductal epithelia : implications for polycystic kidney disease

Hovater, Michael January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed on June 30, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-73).
73

Μελέτη του πολυμορφισμού deletion/insertion του γονιδίου του μετατρεπτικού ενζύμου της αγγειοτενσίνης ως δείκτης αντίστασης στην ινσουλίνη σε γυναίκες με Σύνδρομο Πολυκυστικών Ωοθηκών

Κατσαντώνη, Ελένη 17 September 2012 (has links)
Το σύνδρομο πολυκυστικών ωοθηκών (PCOS) αποτελεί την πιο συχνή ενδοκρινολογική διαταραχή των γυναικών αναπαραγωγικής ηλικίας που χαρακτηρίζεται από κεντρικού τύπου παχυσαρκία, ακμή , υπερτρίχωση και διαταραχές των εμμηνορησιακών κύκλων που οφείλονται στην υπερανδρογοναιμία και την χρόνια ανωοθυλακιορρηξία. Οι γυναίκες με PCOS αναπτύσσουν και μεταβολικού τύπου διαταραχές όπως η υπερινσουλιναιμία λόγω αντίστασης στην ινσουλίνη, η υπέρταση, ο σακχαρώδης διαβήτης, η δυσλιπιδαιμία και το μεταβολικό σύνδρομο. Σημαντικό ρόλο στην παθοφυσιολογία της των παραπάνω μεταβολικών διαταραχών ασκεί το σύστημα Ρενίνης-Αγγειοτενσίνης-Αλδοστερόνης (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System – RAAS) που διακρίνεται σε ενδοκρινές κι ιστικό. Στο ιντρόνιο 16 του γονιδίου του ενζύμου ACE(17q23) έχει βρεθεί ο πολυμορφισμός I/D που προκύπτει από την παρουσία ( Insertion– I) ή την απουσία (Deletion–D) μιας Αlu αλληλουχίας μήκους 287 bp, δημιουργώντας τρείς διακριτούς γονότυπους: II, ID και DD Με δεδομένο το ρόλο του συστήματος RAAS σε σχέση με τους παράγοντες κινδύνου για καρδιαγγειακή νόσο και κυρίως με την αντίσταση στην ινσουλίνη, ο ρόλος του πολυμορφισμού ACE I/D έχει καταστεί αντικείμενο μελέτης ως προς την εκδήλωση καρδιαγγειακών συμβαμάτων. Στην παρούσα μελέτη προσδιορίστηκε ο πολυμορφισμός ACE I/D σε 156 φυσιολογικές γυναίκες και σε 212 γυναίκες με την πιο βαριά μορφή του συνδρόμου πολυκυστικών ωοθηκών που είναι η ύπαρξη βιοχημικής υπερανδρογοναιμίας και χρόνιας ανωοθυλακιορηξίας. Το συμπέρασμα μετά τη στατιστική ανάλυση ήταν ότι ο γονότυπος ΙΙ συνδέεται στατιστικώς σημαντικά με την την αντίσταση στην ινσουλίνη κι ο γονότυπος ΙD με τα επίπεδα της 17-OH προγεστερόνης, πρόδρομης ορμόνης κατά την βιοσύνθεση των ανδρογόνων που ίσως σημαίνει με τοπικά αυξημένη ενεργότητα του RAS. Tα ευρήματα αυτά ανάγουν τον πολυμορφισμό της ACE σε ένα πιθανά πολύτιμο δείκτη αυξημένου καρδιαγγειακού κινδύνου στις γυναίκες με PCOS. / The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of women of reproductive age, characterized by central obesity, acne, hirsutism and disorders menstrual cycles due to hyperandrogonemia and chronic anovulation. Women with PCOS develop type and metabolic disorders such as hyperinsulinemia due to insulin resistance, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Important role in the pathophysiology of these metabolic disorders has the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System - RAAS), which is divided into endocrine and tissue. In intron 16 of the gene of the enzyme ACE (17q23) has found a polymorphism I / D resulting from the presence (Insertion-I) or absence (Deletion-D) of an Alu sequence length of 287 bp, creating three distinct genotypes: II,ID,DD. Given the role of the RAAS system in relation to risk factors for cardiovascular disease and especially with insulin resistance, the role of polymorphism ACE I / D has become a subject of study as to the occurrence of cardiovascular events. This study identified a polymorphism ACE I / D in 156 healthy women and 212 women with the most severe form of polycystic ovarian syndrome is the presence of biochemical hyperandrogonemia and chronic anovulation. The conclusion after statistical analysis was that the II genotype is associated statistically significant with insulin resistance and ID genotype with levels of 17-OH progesterone hormone precursor in the biosynthesis of androgens which it might means locally increased activity of RAS. These findings suggest the polymorphism of the ACE in a potentially valuable indicator of increased cardiovascular risk in women with PCOS.
74

Chronic Passive Heat Exposure and Cardiometabolic Health in Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Ely, Brett 06 September 2018 (has links)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that increases a woman’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Women with PCOS have extremely high rates of obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Obese women with PCOS also tend to have elevated sympathetic nerve activity and systemic markers of inflammation, which likely contribute to cardiometabolic risk and PCOS pathogenesis. While few medication or lifestyle intervention options for women with PCOS target elevated sympathetic nerve activity, inflammation, and insulin resistance, passive heat exposure shows promise as a novel intervention for improving cardiovascular and metabolic health in this population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine changes in inflammation, cardiovascular, autonomic, and metabolic health in obese women with PCOS following a 30-session, 8-10 week chronic passive heat intervention (termed ‘heat therapy’). Eighteen obese women with PCOS (Age: 27±1y, BMI 41.3±1.1 kg·m2) were matched for age and body mass index (BMI), then divided into heat therapy (HT) or time control (CON). At the beginning (Pre), middle (Mid), and end (Post) of 8-10 weeks, subjects participated in study days to assess vascular, autonomic, and metabolic function, and additionally underwent a subcutaneous fat biopsy in Pre and Post. HT subjects took part in 30 one-hour hot tub sessions over 8-10 weeks (3-4 per week) in 40.5˚C water, while CON subjects completed all other testing but were not exposed to heat. No change in BMI was observed over the study in HT or CON; however; HT subjects exhibited dramatically improved vascular and metabolic function, as well as reduced sympathetic nerve activity and circulating inflammatory markers. In fat biopsies, insulin signaling was improved in HT subjects, while CON subjects remained stable over time. These findings show promise for HT as a treatment option for obese women with PCOS to improve cardiovascular and metabolic risk profiles. This dissertation includes previously published co-authored material.
75

Soro-reatividade para hidatidose policística e análise sócio-epidemiológica em Sena Madureira, Acre - Brasil / Serum reactivity to polycystic hidatid disease and sócio-epidemiological analyses in Sena Madureira, Acre Brazil

Thaís Martins Pereira 21 February 2014 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Hidatidose policística é uma zoonose negligenciada causada pela larva do cestóide, Echinococcus vogeli, em habitantes de florestas úmidas da região neotropical. Caçar e alimentar cães com vísceras da caça são hábitos relatados nos indivíduos suspeitos ou com esta parasitose comprovada. O diagnóstico é baseado em dados clínicos, resultado de análise de imagens e detecção de anticorpos pelo teste de Immunoblot o que tem sido descrito para pacientes com a forma crônica da doença. Apenas nesta fase, os pacientes procuram por assistência médica. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a reatividade sorológica para hidatidose policística, caracterizar os aspectos epidemiológicos e avaliar a presença de enteroparasitoses nos indivíduos moradores de duas regiões de floresta em Sena Madureira (Acre). Os indivíduos concordaram em participar após apreciação do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Por meio de questionário foram obtidas informações sobre identificação, endereço, sexo, idade e hábitos de caça. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue em 125 habitantes da unidade de conservação (Floresta Estadual do Antimary) e outra unidade de não conservação ambiental em Sena Madureira, onde foram obtidas 207 amostras de sangue. Os soros foram processados pelo teste de Immunoblot para a pesquisa de IgG, nas diluições 1:100 e 1:10, no Serviço de Referência Nacional em Hidatidose-IOC-Fiocruz. Na Unidade de conservação, 39,2% dos indivíduos apresentaram sorologia positiva e 17,4% na outra área. Demonstrou-se que existe diferença significativa entre as áreas, embora a correlação seja baixa. A maioria dos indivíduos reativos em ambas as áreas apresentou as bandas de 40kDA e 28kDa. Nas duas áreas de estudo não houve diferença significativa na reatividade em relação a faixa etária. O hábito de caçar entre os reativos foi de 100% dos indivíduos praticantes da caça na Unidade de conservação e na Unidade de não conservação foi de 88,9% dos indivíduos. A presença de um a três cães foi predominante nas duas áreas. A prática da caça e a presença de cães não teve associação significativa com a reatividade sorológica em ambas as áreas. A ocupação dos indivíduos reativos nas duas regiões foi predominantemente agricultores e estudantes. Em relação ao exame parasitológico não foi encontrado nenhum parasito nos indivíduos reativos que pudesse ter reação cruzada no teste imunológico. Conclui-se que existe diferença de reatividade entre as áreas, sendo que a Unidade de conservação tem maior número de indivíduos reativos. Não foi verificada associação entre a reatividade, o gênero, a faixa etária, prática de caça e presença de cães. Os indivíduos reativos também possuíam enteroparasitoses, porém estas não estão relacionadas com a possível reação cruzada no teste de Immunoblot. A presença das bandas de 40kDa e 28kDa no teste de Immunoblot podem ser uma característica do perfil sorológico de indivíduos de área endêmica que já entraram em contato com o parasito. / Polycystic hydatid disease is a neglected zoonosis caused by the larval of cestode, Echinococcus vogeli, in inhabitants of the neotropical rainforests. Hunting and feeding dogs with bushmeat are common habits among suspected or confirmed individuals with polycystic hydatidosis The diagnosis is based on clinical findings (especially abdominal mass), results of image analysis and detection of antybodies by Immunoblot test, which has been described for patients with the chronic form of the disease. Only at this stage, the patients seeking medical care. This study aims to evaluate the reactivity for polycystic hydatid disease, evaluate the presence of intestinal parasites and characterize the epidemiological factors in individuals living in two regions of forest in Sena Madureira (Acre). The participants in this study agreed to participate after consideration of the Term of Consent. A questionnaire identifying information like address, gender, age and hunting habits were obtained. Blood samples were collected from 125 inhabitants of the protected area (Floresta Estadual do Antimary) and another unit no environmental conservation in Sena Madureira, where 207 blood samples were obtained. Sera were processed by the Immunoblot test for the detection of IgG in 1:100 and 1:10, in the Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Hidatidose - IOC - Fiocruz. In Unit conservation, 39.2% of subjects were positive and 17,4% in another area. It has been demonstrated that there is significant difference between areas, although the correlation is low. The most reactive individuals in both areas showed bands of 40kDa and 28kDa. In both regions showed no significant difference in the reactive and age. The habit of hunting among the reactive was 100% of individuals practicing hunting in the conservation unit and the unit no maintenance was 88.9% of subjects. The presences of one to three dogs were predominant in both areas. The practice of hunting and the presence of dogs had no significant association with serologic reactivity in both areas. The occupation of reactive individuals in both regions was predominantly farmers and students. Regarding the parasitological examination we found no parasite in reactive individuals who might have immune cross-reaction test for hydatid disease. Its concluded that there is difference in reactivity between the areas, and the conservation unit has highest number of reactive individuals. There was no association between reactivity, gender, age, hunting and the presence of dogs. Reactive individuals also had intestinal parasites, but these are not related to possible cross-reaction in the Immunoblot test. The presence of 40kDa and 28kDa bands in the Immunoblot test can be seen in the serological profile of individuals from endemic areas that have already come into contact with the parasite.
76

Estudo caso-controle em genes polimórficos das vias esteróide (ER-alfa e ER-beta) e da insulina (INSR, PA-1 e IGF2) na síndrome do ovário policístico

Cirilo, Priscila Daniele Ramos [UNESP] 30 October 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-10-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:33:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cirilo_pdr_me_botib.pdf: 1747486 bytes, checksum: 22391af2b4ceae30db573f0e3646f8d4 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A Síndrome do Ovário Policístico (SOP) é uma doença heterogênea que acomete principalmente mulheres em idade reprodutiva e é caracterizada por alterações clínicas como hiperandrogenismo, anovulação crônica e irregularidades menstruais e metabólicas, como resistência insulínica, obesidade, hiperlipidemia e diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Esta síndrome está associada com o risco aumentado de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares e tromboembólicas. A síndrome HAIR-AN possui manifestações clínicas semelhantes a SOP, porém por critérios de classificação atuais, compõe diagnóstico diferencial apresentando resistência insulínica severa e hiperandrogenismo. Considerando o fenótipo heterogêneo destas patologias, polimorfismos em genes da via de esteróides e da insulina podem estar associados com hiperandrogenismo e hiperinsulinemia. Foram genotipadas para os polimorfismos nos genes ER-α, ER-β, INSR, IGF2 e PAI-1 41 mulheres com fenótipo SOP, 16 com fenótipo HAIR-AN e 49 controles livres da doença. As regiões polimórficas dos genes ER-α e ER-β foram submetidas a análise automatizada no seqüenciador ABI Prism 377 DNA Sequencer para determinação do número de repetições [TA]n e [CA]n, respectivamente. Os alelos foram classificados em curtos ou longos (ER-α - alelos curtos: <15 e longos ≥15 repetições; ER-β - os alelos curtos: ≤22 e longos >22 repetições). A genotipagem de INSR e IGF2 contendo os polimorfismos C/T e A/G, respectivamente, foi realizada por PCR-RFLP com as enzimas de restrição PmlI e ApaI, respectivamente. Para a observação do polimorfismo 5G/4G do gene PAI-1, utilizou-se a técnica de PCR-SSCP e seqüenciamento direto. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os genótipos dos genes ER-α, ER-β, INSR, IGF2 e PAI-1 entre casos e controles... / Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder which is common in reproductive age women and characterized by reproductive and clinical manifestations as hyperandrogenism, anovulatory infertility, increased ovarian secretion, and hyperinsulinaemia, as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. The PCOS have been associated with increased risk for development cardiovascular and thromboembolic events. The syndrome of hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans (HAIR-AN syndrome) was included in the PCOS subset. However, actually HAIR-AN syndrome shows a differential diagnosis with severe insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. Genetic polymorphisms in insulin action and steroid pathways genes can be associated with hyperinsulinaemia and hyperandrogenism in PCOS and HAIR-AN patients. The ER-alfa, ER-ß, INSR, IGF2, and PAI-1 genes polymorphisms were evaluated in 41 women with PCOS, 16 women with HAIR-AN, and 49 disease-free control women. The ER-alfa and ER-ß genes polymorphisms were investigated by automated analysis (ABI Prism 377 DNA Sequencer) to determine the [TA]n and [CA]n repeats number, respectively. The alleles were classified as short and long (ER-alfa: <15 and .15 repeats, respectively; and ER-alfa: .22 and >22 repeats, respectively). The INSR and IGF2 genes polymorphisms (C/T and A/G, respectively) were performed by PCR-RFLP methodology using the PmlI and ApaI restriction enzymes, respectively. The PAI-1 gene polymorphisms (5G/4G) were detected by PCR- SSCP and direct sequencing methodologies. No statistical differences were observed between cases and controls for all genes analyzed. However, the comparison between clinical and laboratorial data with the genotypes showed statistical differences (p<0,05). The grouped polymorphisms analysis performed by NeoGene Analysis software defined genotypic classes that can be associated with pathophysiology of the PCOS.
77

O hiperandrogenismo influencia no desenvolvimento de síndrome metabólica em pacientes com síndrome dos ovários policísticos?

Rehme, Marta Francis Benevides [UNESP] 20 August 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:24:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rehme_mfb_dr_botfm.pdf: 2280081 bytes, checksum: b44989e75865f4acff4695729feffce0 (MD5) / A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) afeta 5 a 8% das mulheres no menacme e é caracterizada pela anovulação crônica e hiperandrogenismo. A obesidade central e a resistência insulínica (RI) são freqüentes na SOP e desempenham um papel fundamental na etiopatogenia da síndrome metabólica (SM). O hiperandrogenismo tem sido questionado como um fator importante no desenvolvimento da SM em mulheres com SOP. Verificar se o hiperandrogenismo influencia no desenvolvimento de síndrome metabólica em pacientes com SOP. Foram avaliados retrospectivamente os dados clínicos, bioquímicos e ultrassonográficos de 180 mulheres com SOP diagnosticadas pelos critérios de Rotterdam e de 70 mulheres com obesidade simples. As pacientes com SOP foram classificadas de acordo com o índice de massa corporal (IMC) em SOP não obesas e SOP obesas. As pacientes obesas simples não apresentaram hiperandrogenismo clínico nem bioquímico. O índice de sensibilidade à insulínica (ISI) foi avaliado pelo HOMA-IR e ISI de Matsuda e DeFronzo. A SM foi diagnosticada pelos critérios do NCEP-ATP III com modificações sugeridas pelo consenso de Rotterdam. A média de idade das pacientes foi de 27,3 + 4,7 no grupo das pacientes SOP não obesas; 28,8 + 5,0 nas SOP obesas e 27,4 + 5,2 nas obesas simples (p=0, 0773), e o IMC foi de 25,1+3,0 kg/m2; 37,0+ 5,5 kg/m2 e 36,0+ 4,2 kg/m2 respectivamente (p<0, 001). A prevalência de RI e SM não diferiu entre as pacientes obesas com e sem SOP e foi significativamente maior do que nas SOP não obesas (p<0, 001). Entretanto a prevalência de SM foi maior nas SOP obesas com hiperandrogenismo... / Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5-8% of women at menacme and is characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. Central obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are frequent in PCOS and play a leading role in the etiopathogeny of metabolic syndrome (MS). Hyperandrogenism has been suggested as an important factor in the development of MS in women with PCOS. To determine whether hyperandrogenism influences the development of metabolic syndrome in patients with PCOS. Clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic data on 180 women with PCOS, as diagnosed by the Rotterdam criteria, and 70 women with simple obesity were retrospectively analyzed. According to body mass index, PCOS patients were classified as nonobese with PCOS and obese with PCOS. No clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism was observed in patients with simple obesity. Insulin sensitivity indices (ISI) were assessed as proposed by HOMA-IR and ISI (Matsuda and De Fronzo). MS was diagnosed based on NCEP-ATP III criteria with modifications suggested by the Rotterdam consensus. Mean age was 27.3 + 4.7 among non-obese patients with PCOS, 28.8 + 5.0 in obese patients with POS, and 27.4 + 5.2 in those with simple obesity (p=0.0773), while BMI was 25.1+3.0 kg/m2, 37.0+ 5.5 kg/m2 and 36.0+ 4.2 kg/m2, respectively (p<0.001). The prevalence of IR and MS did not differ between obese patients with and without PCOS, and was significantly higher in these patients than in non-obese women with PCOS (p<0.001). The prevalence of MS, however, was higher... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
78

Diferenças no reconhecimento de osteoporose e da síndrome dos ovários policísticos entre os endocrinologistas e ginecologistas na cidade de Santa Maria – RS / Differences in the awareness of osteoporosis and polycystic Ovarian syndrome between endocrinologists and gynecologists in the city of Santa Maria - RS

Costa Beber, Carla January 2017 (has links)
Chronic diseases such as systemic arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis and polycystic ovarian syndrome are prevalent in Brazil and are responsible not only for considerable morbidity and mortality in specific segments of the population, but also for high financial costs. Despite all their relevance, the diagnosis of these health problems in our country is not performed in an ideal way. As a consequence, there is a difficulty to act preventively in these pathologies, generating unwanted clinical complications. The difficulty of establishing diagnoses uniformly in common pathologies is not unique to our country. There are studies that demonstrate that the recognition of polycystic ovary syndrome is under-registered in developed countries such as Australia, as well as osteoporosis in China. At these sites, a variation in the identification of these pathologies has been demonstrated according to the physician's specialty. The objective of this study was to evaluate, through a questionnaire, the awareness regarding the diagnosis and management of polycystic ovarian syndrome and osteoporosis among the specialized physicians whom works in these areas (gynecologists and endocrinologists) in the city of Santa Maria, southern Brazil, where has a population of about 300,000 inhabitants. To improve this comparison, two other prevalent diseases (type 2 diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension) were included in the same questionnaire. A crosssectional study was carried out between July and August 2015 (Approval of CAAE 43401415.3.0000.5346). In total, 90% of endocrinologists and 75% of gynecologists out of a total of 97 physicians registered in the Regional Council of Medicine completed the questionnaire that was applied by a trained interviewer. No differences related to age, gender and time of work experience were observed among these specialists. In general, the responses of endocrinologists and gynecologists were consistent. Considering the questions about polycystic ovarian syndrome, the decision to include total testosterone, 17OHP, and prolactin was significantly higher in the group of endocrinologists than gynecologists. Regarding osteoporosis, the inclusion of the history of low-impact fractures in the diagnosis of osteoporosis was significantly more reported by gynecologists than endocrinologists. As expected, sequential identification of secondary causes of osteoporosis was more frequently performed by endocrinologists than gynecologists, who also identified a greater number of drug treatment options. To our knowledge, this is the first initiative to estimate differences in the recognition of polycystic ovarian syndrome and osteoporosis among gynecologists and endocrinologists using a medium-sized Brazilian city. It is believed that the information coming from this study will enable in the future the development of strategies and production of technical support materials directed to an improvement in the quality of the health care service. / Doenças crônicas como hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, osteoporose e síndrome dos ovários policísticos são prevalentes no Brasil e se tornam responsáveis não somente por considerável morbi-mortalidade em segmentos específicos da população, mas também por elevados custos financeiros. Apesar de toda a sua relevância, o diagnóstico destes problemas de saúde em nosso meio não é realizado de uma maneira ideal. Como consequência, existe uma dificuldade para atuar preventivamente nestas patologias, gerando complicações clínicas indesejadas. A dificuldade para estabelecer diagnósticos de uma maneira uniforme em patologias comuns não é exclusiva do nosso país. Existem estudos que demonstram que o reconhecimento da síndrome dos ovários policísticos é subregistrado em países desenvolvidos como a Austrália, assim como a osteoporose na China. Nesses locais, demonstrou-se uma variação na identificação destas patologias de acordo com a especialidade do médico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar através de questionário o conhecimento relativo ao diagnóstico e manejo pontual da síndrome dos ovários policísticos e osteoporose entre os médicos especialistas que mais atuam nestas áreas (ginecologistas e endocrinologistas) no município de Santa Maria, sul do Brasil, que tem uma população de cerca de 300.000 habitantes. Para melhor comparação, outras duas doenças prevalentes (diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e hipertensão arterial sistêmica) foram incluídas no mesmo questionário. Foi realizado um estudo transversal entre os meses de julho e agosto de 2015 (Aprovação do CAAE 43401415.3.0000.5346). Ao todo, 90% dos endocrinologistas e 75% dos ginecologistas de um total de 97 médicos registrados no Conselho Regional de Medicina completaram o questionário que foi aplicado por um entrevistador treinado. Nenhuma diferença relacionada à idade, gênero, tempo de experiência de trabalho foram observadas entre estes especialistas. De maneira geral, as respostas de endocrinologistas e ginecologistas foram similares. Considerando as questões sobre síndrome dos ovários policísticos, a decisão de incluir testosterona total, 17OHP, e prolactina foi significativamente maior no grupo de endocrinologistas que ginecologistas. Em relação à osteoporose, a inclusão da história de fraturas de baixo impacto no diagnóstico de osteoporose foi significativamente mais referida por ginecologistas que endocrinologistas. Como esperado, a identificação sequencial de causas secundárias de osteoporose foi mais frequentemente realizada por endocrinologistas que ginecologistas, que também identificaram um maior número de opções de tratamento medicamentoso. Consideramos que esta seja a primeira iniciativa de estimar as diferenças de reconhecimento de síndrome dos ovários policísticos e osteoporose entre ginecologistas e endocrinologistas utilizando uma cidade brasileira de tamanho médio. Acredita-se que as informações advindas deste estudo possibilitarão no futuro o desenvolvimento de estratégias e produção de materiais técnicos de apoio direcionados a uma melhoria na qualidade do serviço assistencial de saúde.
79

Hirsutismo autorreportado e comorbidades na pós-menopausa / Self-reported hirsutism and comorbities in the post-menopause

Wippel, Cássia dos Santos 13 January 2017 (has links)
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent metabolic disorder in the female population. It affects 10% of women of childbearing age, and its pathophysiology, although not completely known, is associated with insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism and gonadotropin alteration. The diagnosis is of exclusion and is difficult due to the multiple phenotypes found, being fundamental the presence of menstrual dysfunction and alteration of the levels of androgens. Hirsutism, increased pilification in androgen-dependent areas, is a frequent complaint and correlates with PCOS in up to 95% of cases. Women with PCOS are at greater risk for developing metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. These comorbidities usually manifest with aging and there are no guidelines for diagnosing PCOS after menopause. Because of this, we have attempted to prove the hypothesis that the history of self-reported hirsutism and / or oligomenorrhea influences the calculation of risk for comorbidities after menopause (type 2 diabetes mellitus, asthma, chronic bronchitis or emphysema, osteoarthritis, stroke, Heart failure, angina or myocardial infarction, multiple sclerosis, neoplasia, and Parkinson's disease). This cross-sectional study investigated women (1057) with at least 55 years of age, post-menopausal, with no cognitive deficit and / or communication difficulty who were seen in primary care services in a municipality in the south of Brazil during the 24-month period, Through a structured questionnaire that collected self-reported data on the presence of comorbidities, reproductive history and complaint of hirsutism in menacme. A significantly higher prevalence of comorbidities was found in women with a history of hirsutism and / or oligomenorrhea [OR = 1.6 (95% CI 1.1-2.4), or = hirsutism [OR 2.0 95% CI 1.3-3.2), P = 0.004]. As well as the prevalence of stroke, angina or myocardial infarction, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and osteoarthritis were significantly higher (p <0.03). Therefore, the presence of hirsutism and oligomenorrhea in menacing are risk factors for comorbidities, mainly cardiovascular, these alterations are possibly associated with the presence of PCOS, so its correct diagnosis in the menacme could avoid the reduction of quality of life in senectude. / Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos (SOP) é a desordem metabólica mais frequente na população feminina, acomete 10% das mulheres em idade fértil e cuja fisiopatologia, apesar de não ser completamente conhecida, associa-se a resistência à insulina, hiperandrogenismo e alteração das gonadotropinas. O diagnóstico é de exclusão e dificultado devido aos múltiplos fenótipos encontrados, sendo fundamental a presença de disfunção menstrual e alteração dos níveis de androgênios. O hirsutismo, pilificação aumentada em áreas andrógeno-dependentes, é queixa frequente e correlaciona-se a SOP em até 95% dos casos. Mulheres portadoras de SOP tem maior risco para desenvolver síndrome metabólica e doenças cardiovasculares. Essas comorbidades costumam manifestar-se com o envelhecimento e inexistem diretrizes para diagnosticar SOP após a menopausa. Devido a isso, tentamos comprovar a hipótese de que a história de hirsutismo e/ou oligomenorreia autorrelatada na menacme influencia no cálculo do risco para comorbidades após a menopausa (diabetes mellitus tipo 2, asma, bronquite crônica ou enfisema, osteoartrite, acidente vascular cerebral, insuficiência cardíaca, angina ou infarto do miocárdio, esclerose múltipla, neoplasia e doença de Parkinson). Esse estudo transversal investigou mulheres (1057) com pelo menos 55 anos, na pós-menopausa, sem déficit cognitivo e/ou dificuldade de comunicação que foram atendidas em serviços de atenção primária de um município do sul de Brasil durante o período de 24 meses, através de um questionário estruturado que coletou dados autorrelatados da presença de comorbidades, história reprodutiva e queixa de hirsutismo na menacme. Identificou-se prevalência de comorbidades significativamente maior nas mulheres com história de hirsutismo e/ou oligomenorreia [OR = 1,6 (95% IC 1,1-2,4), p = 0,002] ou hirsutismo isolado [OR 2,0 (IC 95% 1,3-3,2), P = 0,004]. Assim como a prevalência de acidente vascular cerebral, angina ou infarto do miocárdio, insuficiência cardíaca, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e osteoartrite foram significativamente maiores (p <0,03). Portanto, a presença de hirsutismo e oligomenorreia na menacme são fatores de risco para comorbidades, principalmente cardiovasculares, essas alterações são possivelmente associadas a presença de SOP, por isso seu correto diagnóstico na menacme poderia evitar a redução da qualidade de vida na senectude.
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Prevalência de resistência à insulina, intolerância à glicose e diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em pacientes com síndrome doa ovários policísticos(SOP) /

Santos, Ana Gabriela Pontes. January 2009 (has links)
Orientador: Anaglória Pontes / Banca: Júlio Cesar Rosa e Silva / Banca: Walquíria de Paula Pimenta / Resumo: A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) é uma endocrinopatia comum em mulheres no menacme, com prevalência variando entre 5 a 10%. Em vários estudos, pacientes com SOP apresentam risco aumentado para o desenvolvimento das anormalidades do metabolismo da glicose. O diabetes mellitus está entre as 10 maiores causas de mortalidade no Brasil decorrente das complicações micro e macrovasculares. Avaliar a prevalência de resistência à insulina (RI), intolerância à glicose (IG) e diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM) nas pacientes com diagnóstico de SOP. Foram avaliados retrospectivamente os dados clínicos, bioquímicos e ultra-sonográficos de 247 pacientes com o diagnóstico de SOP. Para a avaliação do grau de RI, utilizou-se um grupo de 101 mulheres com ciclos menstruais regulares sem hiperandrogenismo. O diagnóstico de RI foi obtido utilizando-se os seguintes valores de corte: insulinemia > 12 μIU/ml, HOMA-IR > 2,71, QUICKI < 0,333, ISI < 4,75 e relação glicemia / insulina < 6,4. O diagnóstico de IG e DM tipo 2 foi realizado por meio do teste de tolerância à glicose oral (TTGO) de acordo com os critérios do WHO, 1985 e comparado ao diagnóstico pela glicemia de jejum (ADA, 2003). Para a análise estatística dos resultados, foi utilizado o teste de qui-quadrado para a associação entre as variáveis, e para as variáveis quantitativas foram utilizadas a estatística descritiva e análise de variância seguida do método de Tukey ou t de student. As pacientes com SOP apresentaram idade entre 12 a 40 anos (24,8 ± 6,3) e índice de massa corpórea entre 18,3 a 54,9 Kg/m² (32,5 ± 7,6). O percentual de pacientes obesas foi de 64%. A RI foi detectada em 54,2% das pacientes pela relação glicemia / insulina, em 59,9% pelos índices de HOMA-IR e QUICKI, em 70,6% pelo ISI e 61,9% apresentaram insulinemia > 12 μIU/ml. A RI foi maior quanto... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy in women during menacme, with a prevalence ranging from 5 to 10%. In several studies, patients with PCOS have shown increased risk for developing glucose metabolism abnormalities. Diabetes mellitus is among the 10 major causes of mortality resulting from micro and macrovascular causes in Brazil. To evaluate the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients diagnosed with PCOS. The clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic data of 247 patients diagnosed with PCOS were retrospectively analyzed. To compare IR levels, a group of 101 women with regular cycles without hyperandrogenism was used. IR diagnosis was performed by using the following cutoff values: insulinemia > 12 μIU/ml, HOMA-IR > 2.71, QUICK < 0.333, ISI < 4.75 and glycemia / insulin ratio < 6.4. The GI and type-2 DM diagnosis was performed by means of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), according to WHO criteria, 1985 and compared with fasting plasma glucose diagnosis (ADA, 2003). The results were interpreted by the chisquare test for association between variables, and descriptive statistics and analysis of variance followed by Tukey's or Student's t tests were used for quantitative variables... (Complete abstract clic, electronic access below) / Mestre

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