Ø / The dissertation is presented on 252 content pages which has been framed in five chapters and two annexures while the title page opens into a list of abbreviations followed by a foreword on the work. The core theme of the research work is to validate the extended photocatalytic properties of porphyrin-POM materials in evolving from UV to visible light range of solar spectrum. Which describing additional modes for synthesis of hybrid materials (i) electrostatic multilayer’s comprising of Dawson , sandwich Dawson type and preyssler,s POM in combination with free base tetracationic porphyrin [H₂TPhN(Me)₃P⁴⁺] (ii) an easy method of synthesis of two dimers with a pyridinium spacer (abbreviated 4-H₂–Zn and 3-H₂–Zn) (iii) Langmuir Schafer approach for hybrid monolayer. The prepared photoactive thin layers have been characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy for optical properties. Cyclic voltammetry for electrochemistry and ionic permeability studies. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) for surface morphology and its role in physical mechanism of reduction process and shape of nanostructures obtained. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been used to interpret size and shape of dendritic silver nanoparticles obtained as photoreduction product. Although ,the ultimate goal is the photoreduction of heavy metals (Cr(VI), Hg(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) ), reduction of a simpler system like Ag⁺ ion has been chosen as a model system due to single electron simpler oxidation reduction process. A novel application of photocurrent generation from these hybrid films has been demonstrated in the fifth chapter of the manuscript as an initial studies which has enhanced the significance of all previously fabricated systems upto by many folds .The foresaid development of photovoltaic application has paved the way for future studies to enhance the photocurrent yield further by tuning the electron donor-acceptor system. Both components porphyrin and POM can be tuned with different axial substituent’s and stereo chemical properties to achieve maximum yield of solar energy as well as diversified metal nanostructure for nanoelectronics, e.g. silver dendrites for sensor applications. At the end of the manuscript, three appendices describe successively the experimental techniques used to carry out this work, the Job method used to determine the stoichiometry and formation constants of complex electrostatic and coordination, and then finally the origin or Protocols for the synthesis of various compounds used.

Le développement d'une nouvelle classe de composés inorganiques par combinaison chimique entre deux types de clusters "Hydroborates" HYD et "polyoxométalates" POM a été étudiée. La fonctionnalisation des polyoxométalates par des closo-décaborates pourrait créer une synergie entre ces différents types de clusters et optimiser leurs propriétés, en particulier vers des applications biologiques.Le lien direct entre POM et HYD a échoué en raison de leurs caractères anioniques, des problèmes de solubilité et de la dépendance de la stabilité du POM en fonction du pH. Une autre méthode a ensuite été utilisée basée sur le greffage de ligands espaceurs entre les entités POM et HYB. L'hydroborate [B10H10]2- a été transformé en son dérivé carbonyle [B10H9CO]- pour réagir avec différentes familles hybrides de POM fonctionnalisées par des ligands amine tris- (hydroxyméthyl) méthylamine dans le cas des POMs de type Anderson "MMo6" (avec M: Al, Mn ) ou par des groupements aminopropyltri (éthoxy) silane dans le cas des dérivés vacants de type Keggin et Dawson, tels que "SiW10" et "P2W17" respectivement . Après avoir établi les conditions expérimentales permettant de synthétiser les adduits covalents POM-Bore, ces derniers ont été entièrement caractérisés à l'état solide et en solution. L’analyse élémentaire supportée par l’analyse thermogravimétrique, les spectroscopies FT-IR UV-Visible, MALDI-TOF et ESI-MS et diverses techniques RMN ont mis en évidence la formation de composés mono ou di-adduits qui ont été étudiés en électrochimie pour démontrer l'influence des clusters de bore greffés sur les fragments POM. Enfin les calculs DFT réalisés pour ces systèmes ont donné des modèles structuraux et des profils énergétiques permettant de comprendre la complexité de la synthèse de tels systèmes. Une autre approche méthodologique a également été étudiée en utilisant le concept supramoléculaire en prolongeant les interactions connues CD / POM de cyclodextrine et CD / closo-borate pour synthétiser des systèmes ternaires associant [B10H10]2-, CD et POMs ou clusters métalliques. Des études en solution ont été réalisées par ESI-MS et RMN qui ont mis en évidence la formation de complexes d'inclusion 1: 1 entre [B10H10]2- et CD alors que seule la structure des rayons X a été obtenue avec α-CD et caractérisée à l'état solide. Les mesures RMN DOSY nous ont permis d'accéder aux constantes d'association qui apparaissent relativement faibles avec une constante optimale obtenue avec -CD. Les mesures ITC ont confirmé ces constantes et ont donné les paramètres thermodynamiques associés à la formation des complexes d'inclusion qui mettent notamment en évidence le caractère chaotrope du cluster [B10H10]2-. Encore une fois, les calculs de DFT ont apporté un élément important prouvant que les composés d'inclusion issus de -CD sont les plus stables en raison de la bonne adéquation entre la taille de l'amas de bore et la taille de la cavité de la -CD. Les résultats du système ternaire sont préliminaires, et ils nécessitent d'autres développements et investigations. Les détails de la synthèse et de la caractérisation seront présentés dans ce manuscrit. / Development of a novel class of inorganic compounds by chemical combination between two types of clusters "Hydroborates" HYD and "polyoxometalates” POM has been investigated. Functionalization of polyoxometalates by closo-decaborates could create a synergy between these different types of clusters and optimize their properties, especially towards biological applications.The direct link between POM and HYD was unsuccessful due to their anionic characters, to solubility problems and to the stability dependence of POM according to pH. Another method was then used based on the grafting of linkers on POM and HYB. Hydroborate [B10H10]2-; was transformed to its carbonyl derivative [B10H9CO]- to react with differents families of POMs functionalized by tris-(hydroxymethyl)methylamine ligands in the case of the "MMo6" (with M: Al, Mn) Anderson-type POMs or by aminopropyltri(ethoxy)silane groups in the case of the vacant Keggin and Dawson-type derivatives"SiW10"and "P2W17", respectively. After establishing the experimental conditions allowing to synthestise the targeted covalently linked POM-Boron adducts, the later were fully characterized in the solid state and in solution. Elemental analysis supported by TGA, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-VIS, MALDI-TOF, ESI-MS and various NMR technqiues evidenced the formation of mono or di-adducts compounds which were studied in electrochemistry to demonstrate the influence of the boron clusters grafted on the POM moieties. Finally DFT calculations performed for these systems gave structural models and energetic profiles allowing to understand the complexity of the synthesis of such systems.Another approach was also studied using supramolecular concept by extending the known cyclodextrin CD/POM and CD/closo-Borate interactions to synthesize ternary systems associating [B10H10]2- ,CD and POMs or metallic clusters. Solution studies were performed by ESI-MS and NMR which evidence the formation of 1:1 inclusion complexes between [B10H10]2- and CDs while only X-ray structure was obtained with α-CD and characterized in the solid state. DOSY NMR allowed us to access the association constants which appear relatively low with an optimal constant obtained with α-CD. ITC measurements confirmed these constants and gave the thermodynamic parameters associated to the formation of the inclusion complexes which notably evidence the chaotrope character of the [B10H10]2- cluster. Once again, DFT calculations brought important element proving that the inclusion compounds fomed with -CD is the most stable because of the good matching between the size of the boron cluster and the size of the cavity of the -CD. The results of ternary system are preliminary, and require further development and investigations. Details of synthesis and characterization will be presented in this manuscript.

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