The most significant factor in the child formation is the family, which takes the main responsibility for the child. Therefore, children education could not be accredited to the school only. The relevance of the paper subject is predicated on the determination of the causes of poor attendance that can be related to the family, also developing the family influence for nonattendance, the interaction of family and school is analyzed. The unconcern of the parents to the children and family problems incite children to tramp, miss classes, they start learning poorly, and the starting or deepening phenomena of dissociality may be noticed. Special institutions take care of such families, however, this wardship is not sufficient and it does not give the desirable results. The number of children who miss classes is increasing, pupils find themselves in the contraposition of family and school values. In the methodical part of the paper the family peculiarities of the children poorly attending school are theoretically motivated, a classified view of this phenomenon is structured. Empirical research of the family peculiarities of pupils poorly attending school reveals the feedback between the determinative theoretical statements, which could be the ground for the help intended for the school aged children in order to attend school properly. For this stage of the research, the direct questionnaire method was applied, the respondents being pupils and teachers. 604 respondents participated... [to full text]

This doctoral portfolio presents two separate but related research study reports on ‘self-care practices of adults with poorly controlled diabetes in Malaysia’. It is comprised of five sections. Section one which is the introduction begins with a general discussion on diabetes mellitus (henceforth referred to as diabetes), a common, growing, serious and costly health problem. The importance of self-care in the management of diabetes and its many disabling long-term complications are emphasised. This is followed by a specific discussion of diabetes in Malaysia - its prevalence, the quality of care, cost and the need for research to uncover new information to improve the care provided to Malaysians with diabetes. Section two is the report on the first research study that investigates the four cornerstones of diabetes self-care practices, namely: dietary intakes, medication adherence, physical activity and self-monitoring of blood glucose in Malaysian adults with poorly controlled diabetes. It also explores the factors that influence these self-care practices. Section three is the report on the second research study that assessed the efficacy of an out-patient diabetes educational program based on a self-efficacy theoretical approach to improve firstly, self-care practices and secondly, clinical outcomes of adults with poorly controlled diabetes in Malaysia. It also identified some of the factors that facilitate or impede such a programme in the Malaysian context. Section four integrates the findings of the two related research studies - the first defining the problem and the second providing possible solutions in the Malaysian context. It points out limited diabetes knowledge on self-care can compromise or create problems regarding self-care practices for Malaysians with poor glycaemic control. It also identifies possible areas of research that can uncover new knowledge that may improve the quality of diabetes care and enhance the quality of life of Malaysian with diabetes. Section five includes publication originating from this work. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1374559 / Thesis (D.Nurs.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Population Health and Clinical Practice, 2009

This doctoral portfolio presents two separate but related research study reports on ‘self-care practices of adults with poorly controlled diabetes in Malaysia’. It is comprised of five sections. Section one which is the introduction begins with a general discussion on diabetes mellitus (henceforth referred to as diabetes), a common, growing, serious and costly health problem. The importance of self-care in the management of diabetes and its many disabling long-term complications are emphasised. This is followed by a specific discussion of diabetes in Malaysia - its prevalence, the quality of care, cost and the need for research to uncover new information to improve the care provided to Malaysians with diabetes. Section two is the report on the first research study that investigates the four cornerstones of diabetes self-care practices, namely: dietary intakes, medication adherence, physical activity and self-monitoring of blood glucose in Malaysian adults with poorly controlled diabetes. It also explores the factors that influence these self-care practices. Section three is the report on the second research study that assessed the efficacy of an out-patient diabetes educational program based on a self-efficacy theoretical approach to improve firstly, self-care practices and secondly, clinical outcomes of adults with poorly controlled diabetes in Malaysia. It also identified some of the factors that facilitate or impede such a programme in the Malaysian context. Section four integrates the findings of the two related research studies - the first defining the problem and the second providing possible solutions in the Malaysian context. It points out limited diabetes knowledge on self-care can compromise or create problems regarding self-care practices for Malaysians with poor glycaemic control. It also identifies possible areas of research that can uncover new knowledge that may improve the quality of diabetes care and enhance the quality of life of Malaysian with diabetes. Section five includes publication originating from this work. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1374559 / Thesis (D.Nurs.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Population Health and Clinical Practice, 2009

Para a introdução da cultura do milho como alternativa de rotação de culturas em áreas cultivadas com arroz irrigado no Rio Grande do Sul, é necessário um sistema de irrigação e drenagem eficiente, sem ocasionar problemas de manejo para o cultivo do arroz. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar diferentes manejos de irrigação e drenagem visando introduzir o milho como alternativa técnica e econômica para rotação de cultura em Gleissolo Háplico Distrófico Típico, onde tradicionalmente se cultiva arroz. Foram avaliados alguns indicadores de rendimento do milho e a eficiência do uso da água (EUA) nas diferentes alternativas de manejos. Foram testados quatro tratamentos: (T1) microcamalhão de 15 cm de altura com irrigação por sulco sempre que necessário, (T2) uma testemunha com microcamalhão com 15 cm de altura sem irrigação, (T3) um sem construção de microcamalhão, com irrigação por banhos sempre que necessário, e (T4) outro sem construção de microcamalhão e sem irrigação. Todos os tratamentos foram realizados com três repetições. O experimento foi conduzido nos anos agrícolas 2013/2014 e 2014/2015, na estação experimental do IRGA em Cachoeirinha-RS. Em todos os tratamentos a área foi nivelada com uma declividade de 0,08%, ao longo do comprimento das parcelas (79 m). A lâmina irrigada foi de 30 mm e as irrigações foram efetuadas de maneira complementar à chuva por sulcos ou banhos. Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstram que a drenagem foi eficientenos dois anos, pois mesmo com ocorrência de eventos de chuva superiores a 50 mm em 24 horas, não houve problema de excesso hídrico. No primeiro ano foram aplicados 300 mm de irrigação (choveu 480 mm ao longo do desenvolvimento do milho) e os resultados indicam alta produtividade do milho (superiores a 10 Mg ha-1) para o tratamento irrigado e com microcamalhão. No segundo ano foram aplicados somente 90 mm de irrigação pois foi um ano muito úmido (choveu 620 mm durante o segundo ano agrícola). Em consequência disso, não houve diferença significativa nos resultados pois todas os tratamentos mantiveram-se na umidade ideal na maioria do tempo, apresentando altas produtividades de grãos (superiores a 13 Mg ha-1). O milho cultivado em áreas cultivadas com arroz irrigado no Rio Grande do Sul é tecnicamente e economicamente viável desde que ocorra o uso de irrigação e que se utilize um sistema de drenagem eficiente. / For the introduction of corn as crop rotation alternative in areas cultivated with rice in Rio Grande do Sul, efficient irrigation and drainage system is required, without causing management problems for rice cultivation. The objective of this study is to evaluate different management of irrigation and drainage aimed at introducing corn as technical and economical alternative to crop rotation in Gleissolo Háplico Distrófico Típico, where traditionally cultivated rice. We evaluated some corn performance indicators and efficiency of water use (EWU) in the different alternatives managements. Four treatments were tested: (T1) microcamalhão 15 cm with furrow irrigation whenever necessary, (T2) a witness with microcamalhão 15 cm without irrigation, (T3) without building microcamalhão, with irrigation when necessary, and (T4) without building microcamalhão and without irrigation. All treatments were performed with three replications. The experiment was conducted in the agricultural year 2013/2014 and 2014/2015, the IRGA's experimental station in Cachoeirinha-RS. In all treatments area was capped with a slope of 0.08% along the length of the parcels (79 m). Irrigated blade was 30 mm and irrigation was made in a complementary manner to rain by grooves or baths. These results demonstrate that the drainage was efficient in both years, since even the occurrence of rain events greater than 50 mm in 24 hours, there was no excess water problem. In the first year were applied 300 mm irrigation (480 mm rain during the development of corn) and the results indicate high corn yields (above 10 Mg ha-1) for the treatment irrigated and microcamalhão. In the second year there were only applied 90 mm of irrigation because it was a very wet year (620 mm rain during the second growing season) so there was no significant difference in the results for all treatments remained at the ideal humidity most of the time, high grain yield (above 13 Mg ha-1). The corn grown in areas cultivated with rice in Rio Grande do Sul is technically and economically feasible provided that there is an efficient irrigation and drainage system.

Para a introdução da cultura do milho como alternativa de rotação de culturas em áreas cultivadas com arroz irrigado no Rio Grande do Sul, é necessário um sistema de irrigação e drenagem eficiente, sem ocasionar problemas de manejo para o cultivo do arroz. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar diferentes manejos de irrigação e drenagem visando introduzir o milho como alternativa técnica e econômica para rotação de cultura em Gleissolo Háplico Distrófico Típico, onde tradicionalmente se cultiva arroz. Foram avaliados alguns indicadores de rendimento do milho e a eficiência do uso da água (EUA) nas diferentes alternativas de manejos. Foram testados quatro tratamentos: (T1) microcamalhão de 15 cm de altura com irrigação por sulco sempre que necessário, (T2) uma testemunha com microcamalhão com 15 cm de altura sem irrigação, (T3) um sem construção de microcamalhão, com irrigação por banhos sempre que necessário, e (T4) outro sem construção de microcamalhão e sem irrigação. Todos os tratamentos foram realizados com três repetições. O experimento foi conduzido nos anos agrícolas 2013/2014 e 2014/2015, na estação experimental do IRGA em Cachoeirinha-RS. Em todos os tratamentos a área foi nivelada com uma declividade de 0,08%, ao longo do comprimento das parcelas (79 m). A lâmina irrigada foi de 30 mm e as irrigações foram efetuadas de maneira complementar à chuva por sulcos ou banhos. Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstram que a drenagem foi eficientenos dois anos, pois mesmo com ocorrência de eventos de chuva superiores a 50 mm em 24 horas, não houve problema de excesso hídrico. No primeiro ano foram aplicados 300 mm de irrigação (choveu 480 mm ao longo do desenvolvimento do milho) e os resultados indicam alta produtividade do milho (superiores a 10 Mg ha-1) para o tratamento irrigado e com microcamalhão. No segundo ano foram aplicados somente 90 mm de irrigação pois foi um ano muito úmido (choveu 620 mm durante o segundo ano agrícola). Em consequência disso, não houve diferença significativa nos resultados pois todas os tratamentos mantiveram-se na umidade ideal na maioria do tempo, apresentando altas produtividades de grãos (superiores a 13 Mg ha-1). O milho cultivado em áreas cultivadas com arroz irrigado no Rio Grande do Sul é tecnicamente e economicamente viável desde que ocorra o uso de irrigação e que se utilize um sistema de drenagem eficiente. / For the introduction of corn as crop rotation alternative in areas cultivated with rice in Rio Grande do Sul, efficient irrigation and drainage system is required, without causing management problems for rice cultivation. The objective of this study is to evaluate different management of irrigation and drainage aimed at introducing corn as technical and economical alternative to crop rotation in Gleissolo Háplico Distrófico Típico, where traditionally cultivated rice. We evaluated some corn performance indicators and efficiency of water use (EWU) in the different alternatives managements. Four treatments were tested: (T1) microcamalhão 15 cm with furrow irrigation whenever necessary, (T2) a witness with microcamalhão 15 cm without irrigation, (T3) without building microcamalhão, with irrigation when necessary, and (T4) without building microcamalhão and without irrigation. All treatments were performed with three replications. The experiment was conducted in the agricultural year 2013/2014 and 2014/2015, the IRGA's experimental station in Cachoeirinha-RS. In all treatments area was capped with a slope of 0.08% along the length of the parcels (79 m). Irrigated blade was 30 mm and irrigation was made in a complementary manner to rain by grooves or baths. These results demonstrate that the drainage was efficient in both years, since even the occurrence of rain events greater than 50 mm in 24 hours, there was no excess water problem. In the first year were applied 300 mm irrigation (480 mm rain during the development of corn) and the results indicate high corn yields (above 10 Mg ha-1) for the treatment irrigated and microcamalhão. In the second year there were only applied 90 mm of irrigation because it was a very wet year (620 mm rain during the second growing season) so there was no significant difference in the results for all treatments remained at the ideal humidity most of the time, high grain yield (above 13 Mg ha-1). The corn grown in areas cultivated with rice in Rio Grande do Sul is technically and economically feasible provided that there is an efficient irrigation and drainage system.

Stabilization of poorly graded sand in full-scale applications is challenging. This thesis evaluated cement-stabilized sand and had two objectives: (1) evaluation of stabilized material using the PM device to quantify engineering properties for future comparison to alterative materials and to investigate the effectiveness of the device with sand and (2) investigation of the merits of alternative application of cement to sand to benchmark against other topically applied materials. The PM device was successfully used to recommend 10% cement for field studies with one sand, successfully allowed data collection in laboratory and field applications, and its potential in sand seems promising though more overarching conclusions on characterization of sand using the PM device are withheld for subsequent efforts. Topical application methods developed in this thesis were able to percolate cement into sand and produce an average estimated unconfined compressive strength of 245 psi measured on cores that were 2.5 inches thick.

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The commonly used PLGA-based delivery systems are often limited by their inadequate drug loading and release properties. This study reports the integration of oil into PLGA to form the prototype of a hybrid drug carrier PONC. Our primary goal is to confer the key strength of lipid-based drug carriers, i.e. efficient encapsulation of lipophilic compounds, to a PLGA system without taking away its various useful qualities. The PONC were formulated by emulsification solvent evaporation technique, which were then characterized for particle size, encapsulation efficiency, drug release and anticancer efficacy. The ATRA loaded PONC showed excellent encapsulation efficiency and release kinetics. Even after surface functionalization with PEG , controlled drug release kinetics was maintained, with 88.5% of the encapsulated ATRA released from the PEG-PONC in a uniform manner over 120 hours. It also showed favorable physicochemical properties and serum stability. PEG-PONC has demonstrated substantially superior activity over the free ATRA in ovarian cancer cells that are non-responsive to the standard chemotherapy. The newly developed PEG-PONC significantly reduced the IC50 values (p<0.05) in the chemoresistant cells in both MTT and colony formation assays. Hence, this new ATRA-nanoformulation may offer promising means for the delivery of lipophilic compounds like all-trans retinoic acid to treat highly resistant ovarian cancer. / Pharmaceutical Sciences

No / The formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs is a challenging problem within pharmaceutical development. Recently, formulation using nanoparticles was highlighted as showing great potential to improve the dissolution and solubility characteristics of poorly water soluble drugs.