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A method for representing the design space of ortho-planar mechanisms has been developed. The method is based on the Theorem of Equality of Orientation Set Measures (TEOSM) which allows mechanisms to be represented by points in an abstract space. The method is first developed for single loop planar folded mechanisms with revolute joints, and later extended to mechanisms with prismatic joints and to spherical folded mechanisms. Functions which assign a value to each point in design space can be used to describe classes of mechanisms and evaluate their utility for MEMS design. Additionally, this work introduces the use of spherical mechanisms in MEMS design. Spherical mechanisms have characteristics that may be useful in MEMS, including the capability of spatial positioning of a link and the ability to convert rotation about an axis perpendicular to the substrate to rotation about an axis parallel to the substrate. Spherical kinematics has been used to develop three novel mechanisms, the Micro Helico-Kinematic Platform (MHKP), the Spherical Bistable Mechanism (SBM), and the Three-degree-of-freedom Platform (3DOFP). Mathematical models of these devices have been developed and MEMS prototypes have been designed and fabricated.

Världen står inför en rad klimatförändringar, en befolkningsökning och en ökad urbanisering. För att kunnabehärska dessa utmaningar ställs det stora krav på samhällsplaneringen. Ett sätt för samhällsplaneringen attbidra till att fler människor kan minimera sitt ekologiska fotavtryck är att implementera ekologiskt hållbaraavfallsstrategier. Syftet med undersökningen är att ta reda på att hur samhällsplaneringen kan bidra till att skapaekologiskt hållbara avfallsstrategier. Med hjälp av Norra Djurgårdsstaden som fallstudie har intervjuer ochenkäter använts som metod för att skapa en större förståelse och insikt i det praktiska erfarenheterna avavfallsstrategierna i stadsdelen. Resultatet från empirin visar att det finns många aspekter som är bra medavfallshanteringen i Norra Djurgårdsstaden. Vidare finns det en del brister som skulle kunna undersökasnoggrannare. Slutsatserna visar på att det finns flera sätt för invånarna att tillgodose information kringavfallsstrategierna, däremot visar empirin att all denna information inte riktigt når ut till invånarna i NorraDjurgårdsstaden. En strategi som utifrån empirin visar på en god kännedom är Pop-up återbruket. Till sist kansamhällsplaneringen med fördel dra nytta av det praktiska erfarenheterna från empirin i samband med planeringen för ekologiskt hållbara städer.

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隨著科技不斷進步，改變我們傳遞祝福的方式數位祝福形式取代傳統紙本卡片，實體卡片不再普及，手作卡片所擁有的觸覺與情感上的獨特價值也被忽略。數位與手作之間，存在某種隔閡，數位的強大虛擬化傾向與實體物件背後的情感價值似乎有著矛盾性。然而人們對數位科技的依賴不代表實體已經失去魅力，手感經濟的被提倡顯示人們對手作價值的重新看重，也顯示出兩者之間需要尋求更好的連結。 　　故本研究提出一項幫助手作立體卡片製作的行動應用服務構想「HandiCard」，擁有數位輔具在編輯和製作上的便利性，同時容許製作者融入個人巧思，又保有與紙張的實質接觸，是兼具數位科技長處與實體存在感的設計。 　　透過文獻與案探討，本研究歸納出「客製化、手作、即時性」三大影響因素，並匯整立體卡片常見結構與規則，作為HandiCard設計原型的考量。最後根據受訪者的使用意見與回饋，進行整理與討論，探討此原型未來可發展的方向。 / The advance of technology has changed the way we convey blessings. However, these digital methods also diminish the unique value of emotions and the sense of touch which brought by handmade cards. The reflections on advocating Hand-Touch Economy shows that there seems to be a contradiction between the strong tendency of digitalization and the sentimental value of physical objects. 　　Therefore, this study developed “HandiCard”, a prototype for assisting the design and production of pop-up cards by using mobile application. It provides the convenience of digital tools and focuses simultaneously on the sentimental value given by handmade products. We expect that HandiCard could seek out the possibilities of combining digital technology with handmade products, which could provide more real touch and the sense of existence in the digital era. 　　Through literature review and case study, we summed up that “customized”, “handmade”, and “real-time” are the three major factors. Also, we summarized the common structures and principles in pop-up cards as the reference for designing the prototype of HandiCard. At last, we discussed interview feedbacks from user testing to explore the possibilities of being commercialized in the future.

Denna undersökning behandlade ämnet IGA (in-game advertising). 8 undersökningsdeltagare spelade ett 2D-platformer-spel som innefattade två reklamtyper: en reklamtavla och en pop-up-reklam, som båda visade stillbildsreklam för fiktiva spel. Deltagarnas åsikter om reklamtyperna och huruvida de lade märke till endera reklamtyp mättes med hjälp av en digital enkät. Undersökningen tog stöd i tidigare forskning om IGA, gällande åsikter om reklam i spel och uppmärksamhet mot den. Bland annat LC4MP (limited-capacity model of mediated message processing) och vanliga sätt att mäta recall och recognition låg till grund för undersökningens utformning. Resultatet antyder att det är möjligt att ha en reklamtavla och pop-up-reklam i samma spel utan att någondera reklamtyp tar för mycket uppmärksamhet eller får bättre omdöme än den andra. Framtida forskning diskuterades där bland annat spelerfarenhet kan undersökas vidare i samma utformning som denna undersökning hade. Det är även möjligt för spelföretag att undersöka ämnet vidare.

Biological and life history characteristics for a previously unstudied population of sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, in the Arabian Gulf were investigated. Notable findings include temporal-spatial migration patterns for a genetically isolated population that is threatened by overexploitation. Conventional tagging resulted in 2053 releases and 114 recaptures (5.55%) inside the Gulf. Linear displacement ranged from 2.5 to 697 km, while days at liberty ranged from 17 to 818 days. Dead recoveries in Iranian gillnets account for 88.6% of recaptures. Modeling analyses produced a best estimate of annual survival probability (S) at 0.375 (slope = -0.101, SE = 0.324). Fifteen pop-up satellite archival tags were deployed on sailfish during 2001 - 2002 to track temporal and spatial movements. Extensive data from four tags showed 83.7% of time-at-depth was spent above 10 m with no significant difference (P &lt 0.05) in diel preference. Depth ranged from 0.0 m to 61.0 m, while temperature ranged from 19.7 ??C to 30.1 ??C. Small-scale movements of eight sailfish were measured using ultrasonic tracking for periods ranging from 3:33 to 53:06 hours. Track distances ranged from 5.5 to 78.5 km, while linear displacement ranged from 4.6 to 37.0 km. Average speed ranged from 0.29 to 0.75 m s-1. Vertical distributions showed 84.3% of time was spent above 10 m depth, even though water temperature showed negligible variation with depth. Mitochondrial DNA comparison of 147 sailfish produced 39 composite haplotypes using eight restriction enzymes. Significant differences occurred in the frequency between population groups inside and outside the Gulf (amova 34.8%, P &lt 0.01; FST = 0.356), along with evidence of restricted migration between them (average number of migrants, Nm = 0.903). Nine year classes (0-8) were determined from aging analysis of fin spines. Females (n = 50) ranged from 0 to 8 years, while males (n = 34) ranged from 0 to 6 years. Von Bertalanffy growth function indicated rapid growth during the first two years, after which males stabilized and females continued growing to a greater maximum mean length and weight. A comparison of allometric growth between sexes indicated no significant difference between length and other morphometric characters (P ranged 0.135 ??? 0.980).

Biological and life history characteristics for a previously unstudied population of sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, in the Arabian Gulf were investigated. Notable findings include temporal-spatial migration patterns for a genetically isolated population that is threatened by overexploitation. Conventional tagging resulted in 2053 releases and 114 recaptures (5.55%) inside the Gulf. Linear displacement ranged from 2.5 to 697 km, while days at liberty ranged from 17 to 818 days. Dead recoveries in Iranian gillnets account for 88.6% of recaptures. Modeling analyses produced a best estimate of annual survival probability (S) at 0.375 (slope = -0.101, SE = 0.324). Fifteen pop-up satellite archival tags were deployed on sailfish during 2001 - 2002 to track temporal and spatial movements. Extensive data from four tags showed 83.7% of time-at-depth was spent above 10 m with no significant difference (P &lt 0.05) in diel preference. Depth ranged from 0.0 m to 61.0 m, while temperature ranged from 19.7 ??C to 30.1 ??C. Small-scale movements of eight sailfish were measured using ultrasonic tracking for periods ranging from 3:33 to 53:06 hours. Track distances ranged from 5.5 to 78.5 km, while linear displacement ranged from 4.6 to 37.0 km. Average speed ranged from 0.29 to 0.75 m s-1. Vertical distributions showed 84.3% of time was spent above 10 m depth, even though water temperature showed negligible variation with depth. Mitochondrial DNA comparison of 147 sailfish produced 39 composite haplotypes using eight restriction enzymes. Significant differences occurred in the frequency between population groups inside and outside the Gulf (amova 34.8%, P &lt 0.01; FST = 0.356), along with evidence of restricted migration between them (average number of migrants, Nm = 0.903). Nine year classes (0-8) were determined from aging analysis of fin spines. Females (n = 50) ranged from 0 to 8 years, while males (n = 34) ranged from 0 to 6 years. Von Bertalanffy growth function indicated rapid growth during the first two years, after which males stabilized and females continued growing to a greater maximum mean length and weight. A comparison of allometric growth between sexes indicated no significant difference between length and other morphometric characters (P ranged 0.135 ??? 0.980).

xiv, 165 p. ： ill. (some col.) / Our current focus on the city core includes reintroducing the mixed-use building. This typology is not without challenges, and arguably none is more pressing than full retail occupancy. This analysis investigates the potential for start-up companies to supplement traditional retail on an interim basis. By documenting the needs and expectations of the start-up and development communities (from multiple perspectives), this study assesses the potential connection between mixed-use and the start-up company. Using a methodology informed by literature and augmented by personal accounts, this analysis reveals that the inclusion of start-up companies in mixed-use projects can present both short- and long-term benefits to ongoing retail difficulties: mixed-use buildings can be an ideal location for start-up firms, including start-up tenants can be economically feasible if certain measures are in place, and a new development model is not needed to connect an emerging business with an existing project. / Committee in charge: Howard Davis， Chairperson； John Rowell， Member； Gerardo Sandoval， Member

The use of pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) eliminates many of the limitations associated with acoustic and conventional tags by using fishery-independent data collection and retrieval. Previous research techniques have provided information on longer-term movements, migrations, and behavior patterns, but there is still a need for additional tagging studies using tags with depth and light data and increased memory that will further define the short-duration activity patterns and habitat utilization of juvenile swordfish in the western North Atlantic. PSATs have been successfully used on other large pelagic fishes, but have yet to be used on juvenile swordfish. This study investigated two main topics: a) the post-release survival rates of juvenile swordfish after being released from the recreational rod-and-reel fishery and commercial swordfish buoy gear fishery in the Florida Straits, and b) the habitat utilization of juvenile swordfish following release. High-resolution PSAT technology was used to estimate the post-release survival of 16 individual juvenile swordfish captured with standard recreational or buoy fishing gear and techniques in the southeast Florida swordfish fishery. Analysis of release mortality estimates was done using the “Release Mortality” Program. Five of the fourteen reporting tags showed a mortality within 48 hours, for a release mortality rate of 35.7%. However, no common thread could be found among the five mortalities. Results of the Release Mortality program indicated that if the true mortality rate was 35.7%, approximately 1800 tags would have to be deployed to increase the precision of the mortality estimates to +/- 5% of the true value. The nine surviving fish varied in straight-line distance traveled and in direction, and could withstand a wide range of temperatures. A deterministic, periodic model was developed to fit to the data and describe the fishes’ habitat utilization. This model identified both diurnal and lunar signals in the data, confirming that juveniles do move vertically based on the daily cycle of the sun and the lunar cycle of the moon and that their diurnal movements are much greater than their lunar movements. The results of this study can be valuable to management practices in future stock assessments and decisions regarding mandatory release of undersized fish.