Sensor devices and the emergent networks that they enable are capable of transmitting information between data sources and a permanent data sink. Since these devices have low-power and intermittent connectivity, latency of the data may be tolerated in an effort to save energy for certain classes of data. The BUBBLE routing algorithm developed by Hui et al. in 2008 provides consistent routing by employing a model which computes individual nodes popularity from sets of nodes and then uses these popularity values for forwarding decisions. This thesis considers enhancements to BUBBLE based on the hypothesis that nodes do form groups and certain centrality values of nodes within these groups can be used to improve routing decisions further. Built on this insight, there are two algorithms proposed in this thesis. First is the Community-Based- Forwarding (CBF), which uses pairwise group interactions and pairwise node-to-group interactions as a measure of popularity for routing messages. By having a different measure of popularity than BUBBLE, as an additional factor in determining message forwarding, CBF is a more conservative routing scheme than BUBBLE. Thus, it provides consistently superior message transmission and delivery performance at an acceptable delay cost in resource constrained environments. To overcome this drawback, the concept of unique interaction pattern within groups of nodes is introduced in CBF and it is further renewed into an enhanced algorithm known as Hybrid-Community-Based- Forwarding (HCBF). Utilizing this factor will channel messages along the entire path with consideration for higher probability of contact with the destination group and the destination node. Overall, the major contribution of this thesis is to design and evaluate an enhanced social based routing algorithm for resource-constrained Pocket Switched Networks (PSNs), which will optimize energy consumption related to data transfer. It will do so by explicitly considering features of communities in order to reduce packet loss while maintaining high delivery ratio and reduced delay.

The school class and classroom climate in the classroom is the main theme of this thesis. The work presents the way school climate has been created and by which influences it has been affected. Furthermore, there are ways of exploring school climate and how to work with these findings. The theoretical part describes the forms of social learning, which is closely related to the classroom and integrating the individual to the group. The practical part is focused on exploring one particular school class during the two years course. The empirical research in popularity and influence of individuals in the classroom was carried out. This investigation was conducted by using questionnaires. It was carried out four times and the results were finally compared. This work also shows the daily life of one class and describes the main events and changes that have occurred during the research.

This thesis "Factors Influencing Likes/Dislikes of Natural History in Particular Years of Primary School" is mostly about an attitude analysis of pupils on a secondary level of primary schools to taught lesson Natural History. The main goal is to identify particular factors influencing these attitudes. This research is realised through a five-degree questionnaire of Likert's type which includes 26 items in many dimensions. The research sample covers 393 respondents from 6 schools. The results of this work are divided into 2 parts. First part of work identifies popularity of lesson Natural History in relation to other taught lessons and afterwards the work points out particular factors which influence popularity of this lesson. Second part of this work is about evaluation of particular items of questionnaire.

This diploma thesis is focused on snowboarding and its popularity among pupils of grammar schools in different towns of the Czech Republic. It contains a theoretical part describing the history of snowboarding and general information about this winter sport. The main method of data collection is the survey intended for pupils of grammar schools in six different towns of the Czech Republic - Prague, Brno, Liberec, České Budějovice, Tábor and Mariánské Lázně. KEYWORDS snowboarding, snowboard, physical activity, winter sport, popularity, grammar school, pupils

Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2017-12-21T18:27:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gleice Meire Almeida da Silva - 2017.pdf: 2788770 bytes, checksum: be52d09c7b4a65f5d71fce63efc7dfab (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-12-22T10:30:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gleice Meire Almeida da Silva - 2017.pdf: 2788770 bytes, checksum: be52d09c7b4a65f5d71fce63efc7dfab (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-22T10:30:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gleice Meire Almeida da Silva - 2017.pdf: 2788770 bytes, checksum: be52d09c7b4a65f5d71fce63efc7dfab (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-21 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / From the political point of view, big sports events are historically seen as a way to strengthen a country’s institutional image and, consequently, its leaders’ popularity. However, different conclusions were drawn based on what happened in Brazil during the 2013 Confederation Coup and the 2014 World Coup. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of the public support to the World Cup in Brazil on the Federal Government evaluation and its popularity. The analysis conducted suggests that citizens’ criticism growth and their frustration regarding future expectations about basic public services, such as health and education directly affected how Brazilian people saw those events as well as how they approve the Federal Government. With voices amplified by world-wide visibility, among many popular manifestations that spread throughout the country, the FIFA championship was seen as the “people’s opium” once it became a symbol of popular dissatisfaction. Instead of increasing popularity and facilitating electoral gains in 2014, the World Cup put the popularity of Brazilian political leaders at risk, more specifically the Federal Government that led the project. The watchful eye on the support to the World Cup in Brazil and its correlation with the approval of the governments constitutes in a case to be considered in the research on the relation between public opinion, sport mega-events and governmental popularity. / Do ponto de vista político, os grandes eventos esportivos são vistos, historicamente, como uma forma de fortalecer a imagem institucional de um país e, em consequência, a popularidade de seus líderes. Porém, o que foi observado no Brasil no período entre as Copas das Confederações de 2013 e do Mundo de 2014 leva a outras conclusões. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o impacto do apoio público à Copa do Mundo no Brasil sobre a popularidade do Governo Federal. As análises sugerem que a preparação do país para o evento colocou em evidência diversos problemas que elevaram a criticidade dos cidadãos diante das expectativas frustradas de melhorias em serviços públicos como saúde e educação, o que impactou diretamente na visão dos brasileiros sobre o evento e, em consequência, sobre a aprovação do Governo Federal. Com vozes amplificadas pela visibilidade mundial, em meio a um conjunto de manifestações pelo país, o campeonato da FIFA passou da ideia de “ópio do povo” para um símbolo catalisador de insatisfações da população. Desse modo, ao invés de ampliar, a Copa do Mundo colocou em risco a popularidade das autoridades políticas, especificamente, do Governo Federal que liderou o projeto. O olhar atento sobre dados de apoio à Copa do Mundo no Brasil e sua correlação com a aprovação do Governo Federal constitui em um caso a ser considerado na pesquisa sobre a relação entre opinião pública, megaeventos esportivos e popularidade governamental.

YouTube is a great place for attention and discussion. Individuals and companies canuse the context and the system for branding of their content. Previous research in thearea has had a larger focus on mass statistics and social patterns on YouTube asequations, rather than as a social platform with people using it. Our research focusedon the users and why they choose to involve themselves with the content of theSwedishMealTime channel on YouTube and what we could do as a producer to createa more established channel, since we run it ourselves. This gave us an opportunity toextract data from the statistics on both YouTube and the corresponding Facebookpage of SwedishMealTime. We sent out an online survey to our subscribers withquestions revolving around the channel and content, in order to gain more insight ofwhat kind of content they prefer. A netnographic study was made in combinationwith a survey to collect the data for the analysis. Our results suggest that a regularupload scheme, communication and interaction with subscribers and establishment ofthe channel increases the sense of belonging, which in turn increases the exposure ofthe channel and the number of users subscribing to it. Future research will requireinformation about more channels, to identify behaviour between them, and if thereare any patterns for a viral success.

It is the purpose of this investigation to examine his popularity and influence in the United States during this period so as to provide a basis for a considered and adequate understanding of the problems and their implications.

La popularité des jeunes à l’adolescence est reconnue comme étant associée à l’augmentation des conduites agressives à travers le temps. Par contre, peu d’études s’intéressent aux mécanismes permettant d’expliquer ce lien. La présente étude vise à évaluer dans quelle mesure les caractéristiques des amis (i.e., niveaux moyens de popularité et d’agressivité) peuvent jouer un rôle médiateur et permettent d’expliquer la relation entre la popularité et le développement de l’agressivité au début du secondaire. Cette étude longitudinale a été menée auprès de 621 élèves de première et deuxième secondaires provenant de trois écoles secondaires publiques situées dans des milieux socio-économiques défavorisés de la région de Montréal. À trois reprises sur une période d’un an, la popularité perçue et l’agressivité des participants ont été évaluées à partir d’une procédure de nominations par les pairs. De la même façon, l’identité et les caractéristiques des amis ont été évaluées de manière répétée. Les résultats montrent que la popularité perçue en secondaire 1 favorise l’affiliation avec des amis qui sont de plus en plus populaires et agressifs au début du secondaire 2. En retour, l’établissement de relation d’amitié avec des amis agressifs permet d’expliquer l’augmentation des conduites agressives à travers le temps. Aussi bien chez les filles que chez les garçons, l’association entre la popularité perçue et la manifestation ultérieure de comportements agressifs s’explique ainsi par les caractéristiques des amis. La discussion porte sur l’importance du contexte relationnel lorsqu’il s’agit de rendre compte des conséquences développementales associées au fait d’être perçu comme étant populaire au début de l’adolescence. / Teenagers’ popularity is known to be linked to an increase in aggressive behaviors through time. However, few studies have explored the mechanisms that can explain this association. This study aims to assess to which extent friends’ popularity and aggressivity can possibly play a mediating role to explain the relationship between popularity and aggressivity at the beginning of high school. The sample of this longitudinal study consists of 621 students in 7th and 8th grade from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds who attended three public high schools in the Montreal area. The participants’ popularity and aggressivity scores were measured using a peer nominated protocol and assessed three times over a period of one year. Friends’ identity and characteristics were also measured repeatedly using the same procedure. Results show that participants’ popularity in the beginning of 7th grade promotes friendships with peers who are more and more popular and aggressive at the beginning of 8th grade. In return, friendships with aggressive peers can explain the increase in aggressive conducts at the end of 8th grade. The association between perceived popularity and aggressivity, for both boys and girls, can be explained by friends’ characteristics. The discussion focuses on the importance of the relational context when it comes to accounting for the developmental consequences associated with being perceived as popular in early adolescence.

TITLE: Preference and Popularity of Combative Activities among Primary School Pupils in Selected Region AUTHOR: Bc. Pavel Procházka DEPARTMENT: Department of Physical Education SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Martin Dlouhý, Ph.D. ABSTRACT The diploma thesis will deal with the preferences and popularity of individual combative activities of pupils of the second level in selected primary schools, the choice of which was determined in relation to the cities' population. It will bring basic information about the developmental specifics of the given age category. In the theoretical part, the reader will learn about the knowledge of combative systems. The work will also highlight the importance of regular sports in children' lives and in this respect, it will point out combative activities as a key element in the development of an active lifestyle. The practical part will focus on the active sports involvement of children in individual combative activities and their interest in them not only in physical education lessons but also beyond them. Moreover, it will compare the differences of these preferences among pupils of the second grade across the selected elementary schools. Attention will also be paid to gender differences. KEY WORDS Combative activities, combat sports, physical education, sports preferences, younger school...

Background: Promotional cues are commonly applied on online travel agency websites. The most common cues were identified to be scarcity, popularity and pricing, which are said to increase consumers’ perception of scarcity, popularity and price and following enhance consumers’ booking intention. There is an increasing interest in promotional cues’ impact on booking intention in the online booking context, however, the results are not coherent as well as previous studies have looked only into intention to book. By applying the theory of planned behavior model to measure booking intention, new theoretical insights regarding promotional cues and booking intention should be given. Furthermore, this should help hotel suppliers to increase booking intention on the own hotel’s website. Purpose: The purpose is to explain how promotional cues found on online hotel booking sites impact the relationship between (1) perceived scarcity, (2) perceived popularity, (3) perceived price and consumers’ booking intention, by using the theory of planned behavior model. Method: This study has taken a deductive approach with quantitative data collection methods. By using a between-subjects experimental design, a fictional online hotel booking scenario was created. In total, data from 379 respondents were collected with a web-based survey. Thereby, respondents were assigned to six different groups (three treatment groups and three control groups). With conducting a manipulation check, it was identified that the perceived pricing group did not show a significant difference between control group and treatment group, however, perceived scarcity and perceived popularity did. For the analysis a correlation and regression analysis were conducted. Several t tests were conducted to find significant differences between diverse variables. Conclusion: A positive moderate relationship was found between perceived scarcity and booking intention, when applying scarcity cues. Furthermore, implementing popularity cues, led also to a moderate positive relationship indicated between perceived popularity and booking intention, however, the relationship was not as strongly correlated as when applying scarcity cues. Thereby, implementing scarcity and popularity cues is an effective tool to increase bookings, however, only to a small amount. Hence, it is important to also pay attention to the other factors influencing booking intention and simply using the cues as support to increase the number of booking.