Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / A shifting of age patterns towards a larger number of older people in the population is creating a new frontier for social work in our American Society. Increasingly, group work agencies are being challenged to meet the needs of our senior citizens through day center and club programs. For most group work agencies programming for the older person is a relatively new development and one requiring constant experimentation and evaluation . While aged persons have much in common , just as other age groups do, there still remains a uniqueness of different individuals and groups. Therefore, in evaluating the effectiveness of a group work program for the aged, each group must be studied in light of the needs and characteristics of this particular group .The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the program of the Sixty Club of Union Settlement of Hartford in light of the following criteria. Does the program grow out of the needs and interests of the individuals who compose the group? Does the program take into account such factors as age of group members and economic and cultura l backgrounds? Is the program diversified enough to satisfy a variety of needs and interests?

Orientador: Tirza Aidar / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T05:34:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GuidottiGonzalez_CarolinaAlondra_D.pdf: 1457619 bytes, checksum: a98233de7907fb81b451a0a440bc5e05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Como parte do processo de transição demográfica, que inclui substancial aumento da longevidade, a população brasileira experimenta uma série de mudanças que reconfiguram seu mapa etário e repercutem na sociedade como um todo. Dentro desse cenário de envelhecimento da população, o foco deste trabalho é conhecer as mudanças que experimentam distintas gerações na medida em que atingem as idades nas quais passam a ser consideradas como população idosa. As análises focalizam três dimensões específicas: na condição da população no âmbito doméstico, no mercado de trabalho e em relação às condições de saúde, atentando para os diferenciais entre homens e mulheres e segundo condição socioeconômica. Para esse fim, a perspectiva teórica privilegiada é a do curso de vida. Esta perspectiva propõe um marco conceitual que permite considerar os processos de mudança social e os processos demográficos como interdependentes. Dessa forma, o envelhecimento é considerado como processo, dando destaque à interseção entre a mudança no tempo biológico dos indivíduos ¿ demarcada fortemente pela idade ¿ com as mudanças no tempo histórico (com enfoque na dimensão política, econômica, demográfica e social) e com a sucessão de coortes. Parte-se da hipótese de que a população idosa é um grupo heterogêneo, e que tal heterogeneidade vem aumentando desde as últimas décadas, o que estaria diversificando a experiência de transição à velhice. Adicionada à discussão teórica, as análises empíricas são construídas privilegiando comparações entre diferentes coortes. Para isso são utilizados dados dos Censos demográficos dos anos 1970, 1980, 1991, 2000 e 2010, e realizadas análises de entropia com dados das Pesquisas Nacionais por Amostra de Domicílios (PNADs) dos anos 1998 e 2008. Os resultados indicam a relevância do contexto histórico ¿ e, dentro deste, das políticas públicas ¿ na demarcação de condições de vida diferentes entre as distintas gerações, o que contribui com a diferenciação da experiência de envelhecer e aumenta a heterogeneidade da população idosa / Abstract: As part of the demographic transition, which includes substantial increase in longevity, the Brazilian population undergoes changes that reconfigure their age map and have repercussions on the society as a whole. Within this scenario of an aging population, the focus of this work is to understand the changes experienced by different generations as they reach the ages at which they are considered older people. The analysis focuses on three specific dimensions: the condition of the population on the domestic context, on labor market and on the relation to health conditions, focusing on the differences between men and women according to socioeconomic conditions. To this end, the theoretical approach used is the life course perspective. It proposes a conceptual framework that allows considering social change processes and demographic processes as interdependent. Thus, aging is understood as a process, by highlighting the intersection between change on individual biological time ¿ strongly demarcated by age ¿ with changes in historical time (focusing on political, economic, demographic and social dimension) and cohort succession. The main hypothesis is that older population is a heterogeneous group, and that heterogeneity has increased since the last decades, which diversify the experience of transition to old age. Added to that theoretical discussion, empirical analyses are built stressing the comparison between different cohorts. For that propose is used data from the demographic censuses of 1970, 1980, 1991, 2000 and 2010 and entropy analyzes are performed with data from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) of 1998 and 2008. Results indicate the importance of historical context ¿ and, within this, public policies ¿ in the demarcation of different living conditions between different generations, which contributes to the differentiation of the experience of aging and increases the heterogeneity of the elderly population / Doutorado / Demografia / Doutor em Demografia

Background: Uninformed generalizations about how many elderly people have ever lived, based on a poor understanding of demography, are found in a surprising number of important publications. Objective: We extend the methodology applied to the controversial question "how many people have ever been born?" initiated by Fucks, Winkler, and Keyfitz, to the proportion of people who have ever reached a certain age y and are alive today (denoted as TT(y, T ))). Methods: We first analyze the fraction TT(y, T )) by using demographic data based on UN estimates. Second, we show the main mathematical properties of TT(y, T )) by age and over time. Third, we complete our analysis by using alternative population models. Results: We estimate that the proportion who have ever been over 65 that are alive today (as of 2010) ranges between 5.5 and 9.5%. We extend the formal demographic literature by considering the fraction of interest in two frequently referred models: the stable and hyperbolic growth populations. Conclusions: We show that statements claiming half of all people who have ever reached the age of 65 are alive today ranges would never be attainable, neither theoretically nor empirically, according to existing data. Contribution: We have produced for the first time a harmonized reconstruction of the human population by age throughout history. For a given contemporaneous time T, we demonstrate analytically and numerically that TT(y, T )) is nonmonotonic in age y. For a given age y, we show tthat TT(y, T) may also be nonmonotonic with respect to T.

The diploma thesis deals with the impacts of China's population policy. Thesis is divided into three main chapters. The first one discusses the characteristics of population policy in general, mainly the concept and definition of population policy's types and instruments and also the current practices in the world. The second chapter deals with the characteristics of population policy in China from the historical point of view. There is also a description of the registration system "hukou" and exemptions from the population policy. The second chapter also describes the impacts of China's population policy. The last chapter is devoted to the population aging with an explanation of aging in China and comparison of aging in China with aging in Japan.

Major population shifts shape both economic and physical landscapes of nations because demographic and economic drivers are inextricably linked. This study follows a three essay approach focused on the impact of population aging on two broad categories, physical and economic development in the United States. Specifically, this dissertation investigates later life entrepreneurship, elder housing choices and the impact of aging on rural prosperity. It appears that age is a factor in later life labor force participation choices, with 61 to 70 year olds and those over 70 years of age exhibiting a greater tendency toward self-employment than their 50 to 60 year old counterparts. However, individuals over age 60 are more likely to retire than transition to self-employment. Still, economic developers should consider small business development programs that include even those ahead of the baby boomer cohort. Amongst recent mover households, age influences dwelling selection. Households headed by 50 to 69 year olds are more likely to move to single family dwellings of 1,000 to just under 3,000 square feet. Conversely, households headed by individuals aged 70 years or more, are more likely to select multi-family dwellings and in particular, smaller units (under 1,000 square feet). Thus, oldest individuals are more likely to relocate to the smallest, highest density units even after controlling for increased housing costs, shocks, income and children. These results suggest that older households are not homogenous in their housing preferences. As expected, population aging impacts rural prosperity. The effect is not significant for the proportion of the population aged 70 to 79 years. However, the greater the percentage of the population that is 50 to 59 years of old or 60 to 69 years old, the less likely a rural county is to be prosperous. Contrary to this finding, the greater the proportion of the population that is 80 years of age or older, the greater the likelihood of rural prosperity. It was originally hypothesized that rural areas may fall short of prosperity because of a mismatch between an aging labor force and the prevalence of physically demanding occupations - this is likely not the case. / Ph. D.

China is growing old before it is growing affluent. This situation is not unique to China; at least three other countries are in the same situation. While some of these had family planning campaigns, none had a one-child policy which implies that one-child policy is not the direct cause of this predicament. While China’s working-age share of the population has peaked, any shortages of low-skill labor currently observed in China are primarily caused by the hukou system and its barriers to labor mobility. A reform of the hukou system would secure ample supplies of migrant labor even in the face of mildly declining working-age share of the population. The absence of reforms could mean the arrival of a policy-induced Lewis Turning Point, prompting a premature and potentially counterproductive reorientation of industry. China does not yet possess an advantage in capital and technology intensive production and thus risks falling into the middle-income trap if the reorientation of industry takes place too early. If the Lewis Point can be postponed and the current rate of capital stock growth can be maintained for another decade or two, China might be able to avoid the middle-income trap. Both China’s and Japan’s current pension systems are unsustainable and their PAYGO nature is detrimental to long-run economic growth, especially so for aging societies. It is possible for China to make the system sustainable in the long if reforms are implemented while the transition costs are manageable. Although China is aging, the pace will be relatively slow until 2030. It will still take many years before the country is as old as Japan is a present. A low debt-to-GDP ratio also offers China more flexibility than Japan currently enjoys. / published_or_final_version / China Development Studies / Master / Master of Arts in China Development Studies

The European Commission has declared 2012 The European year for active aging and solidarity between generations. This issue calls each society to analyze the process of population aging and it's social and economic consequences. Currently active aging can be the key to solve the demographic trends, because Europe is the continent with the slowest population growth. The present study follows the issue of seniors from a demographic and socio-economic point of view, as well as social attitudes towards seniors. Process of demographic aging in the Czech Republic is characterized by using literature and statistical sources, as well as the position of society to activity of the post-productive population in the labor market, to health, social security and pension, as well as the relationship within the family and society. Attention is given to life satisfaction and quality of life of older people. The submitted diploma thesis has a theoretical-empirical nature. The theoretical part consists of five chapters. The first chapter defines the basic concepts associated with the process of aging. The following chapters are dealing with life satisfaction and quality of life of older people, as well as with social and intergenerational relationships in the family and in society as a whole. The socio-economic impact of demographic aging on society and the measures needed to deal with the unfavorable consequences are also presented. The thesis also includes a questionnaire and evaluation of life satisfaction and quality of life of seniors, addressed to two groups of people at retirement age. The aim of work is reflecting the period of old age and life satisfaction of the elderly. Another aim of this thesis is to characterize the evolution of aging in the Czech Republic, highlighting its likely future development. The results are dedicated for those who seek to understand this issue of the elderly in our society.

The Czech pension system will change substantially in the coming decades. Demographic changes will cause its financial instability while keeping its current parameters. Financial stability of the pension system can be reached through expenditure reduction and increase in revenues of the pension system. We can expect a real decline of the average pensions paid on the level of dozens of percentages in the coming decades. The decision between pay as you go and fund pension scheme is not affected by the demographic situation. The individuals should decrease their expenditures and ensure additional revenue in retirement to secure their standard of living. The family solidary can provide certain social security in retirement. The preservation of minimal level of population reproduction is vital for both pay as you go and fund pension schemes.

This thesis deals with the evaluation of the socio-economic consequences of the current migration wave in Europe based on the comparison of individual macroeconomic indicators in the member states of the European Union, which were most affected by migration, whether as transit or destination country. The monitored indicators are for example GDP growth, unemployment rate, growth of public expenditures and others. The first part of the thesis defines the theoretical foundations of migration based on sociological theories and defines the key concepts for the topic, such as economic migration, migrant, integration. The second, practical part of the thesis, focuses on monitoring the specific socioeconomic consequences of the migration crisis for selected countries and evaluates its pros and cons. It follows from this assessment that migration to Europe is an economically sustainable phenomenon. The work focuses more on the possibilities and positives or negatives of the integration of migrants into the labor market, also due to the potential threat of an aging Europe in the future. Using several foreign studies and models, it demonstrates the need to change the integration of migrants to benefit the European countries' pension system. It also pays attention to the social and political consequences of...

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2019-03-12T19:33:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leila Maria Holz_.pdf: 2116088 bytes, checksum: abdcd7d1b355e567e1511b62c7c9671a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-12T19:33:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leila Maria Holz_.pdf: 2116088 bytes, checksum: abdcd7d1b355e567e1511b62c7c9671a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-20 / Nenhuma / O envelhecimento populacional é um fenômeno global; reflexo da redução da taxa de natalidade e do aumento da expectativa de vida, em razão dos avanços no campo da saúde. O cenário causa inquietude para a sociedade moderna em virtude das implicações estruturais, socioculturais e econômicas. O estudo aborda a questão do envelhecimento ativo como um processo de otimização das oportunidades de saúde objetivando a melhoraria da qualidade de vida. Com o ritmo frenético do cotidiano, que estimula a atual dinâmica da sociedade de consumo, é natural que alguns indivíduos busquem alternativas ao padrão imposto pelo capitalismo. A busca por novas formas de viver, consumir e produzir estão se concretizando em diferentes propostas de assentamentos humanos. O estudo tem por objetivo apresentar o processo de planejamento e implantação de uma comunidade intencional sustentável em uma área rural. A pesquisa amparou-se no método empírico, na forma de um estudo exploratório, utilizando levantamento bibliográfico e visitas às comunidades intencionais para observação informal não dirigida e diário de campo, para captação de informações que subsidiaram a elaboração do Modelo de Negócio Social. Como resultado, e com o auxílio da ferramenta Canvas, foi discutido, desenvolvido e validado um modelo de negócio para comunidades intencionais, sustentável e colaborativo. O produto gerado denominado Holztel, em atividade; já vem contribuindo social e economicamente com as famílias locais, fomentando atividades de geração de renda e propiciando o acesso a horta urbana livre de agrotóxicos, mantida pelo projeto. Concluímos que a configuração física das comunidades intencionais se apresenta como alternativa viável para recuperação da responsabilidade dos cuidados primários a nível local, estimulando aspectos como a interação entre moradores e o desenvolvimento de um senso de comunidade e de pertencimento. O cuidado de enfermagem como prática social, pressupõe que devemos ir além dos limites institucionalizados e os modelos tradicionais. É nosso papel, em qualquer ambiente ou circunstância, o desenvolvimento do senso crítico e do protagonismo dos indivíduos visando o autocuidado, para manutenção de níveis aceitáveis de saúde da população. Tal conduta vem ao encontro da visão ampliada de saúde proposta pela Declaração de Alma-Ata. / Population aging is a global phenomenon; reflecting the reduction of birth rate and the increase of life expectation, due to the advances in the health field. The scenario causes concern for modern society because of the structural, social cultural and economic implications. The study takes the issue of active aging as a process of health opportunities optimization aiming to improve life quality. With the nowadays pace of life, which stimulates the current dynamics of the consumer society, it is natural that some individuals seek alternatives to the standard imposed by capitalism. The search for new ways of living, consuming and producing are taking shape in different proposals for human settlements. The study aims to present the process of planning and implementing a sustainable intentional community in a rural area. The research was based on the empirical method, in the form of an exploratory study, using a bibliographical survey and visits to intentional communities for non-directed informal observation; and field diary to gather the information that supported the elaboration of the Social Business Model. As a result, and with the help of the Canvas tool, a sustainable and collaborative business model for intentional communities was discussed, developed and validated. The generated product was called Holztel, in activity; has been already contributing socially and economically with local families, fomenting activities of income generation and providing access to the free of pesticides urban garden, maintained by the project. We concluded that the physical configuration of intentional communities presents itself as a viable alternative for the recovery of prime care responsibility at the local level, stimulating aspects such as the interaction between residents and the development of a sense of community and belonging. Nursing care as a social practice presupposes that we must go beyond institutionalized limits and traditional models. The development of a critical sense and the protagonism of individuals becomes our role in any environment or circumstance, aiming at self-care, to maintain acceptable levels of population´s health. Such conduct meets the amplified health vision proposed by the Alma-Ata Declaration.