This article investigates agglomeration processes in aging societies by introducing an overlapping generation structure into a New Economic Geography model. Whether higher economic integration leads to spatial concentration of economic activity crucially hinges on the economies' demographic properties. While population aging as represented by declining birth rates strengthens agglomeration processes, declining mortality rates weaken them. This is due to the fact that we allow for nonconstant population size. In particular, we show that population growth acts as an important dispersion force that augments the distributional effects on agglomeration processes resulting from the turnover of generations. (author's abstract) / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

O envelhecimento populacional no Brasil é um fenômeno que ocorre rapidamente, alterando o perfil de morbi-mortalidade da população, com conseqüente aumento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Dentre essas doenças estão inseridas as demências, que produzem grande impacto para os indivíduos acometidos, tanto no que diz respeito à funcionalidade e manutenção da independência, como também a necessidade, muitas vezes, do auxílio de um cuidador para o desempenho das tarefas do cotidiano, afetadas pelo declínio cognitivo. Para conhecer as demandas de saúde que poderão emergir da população que se tornou rapidamente idosa, a Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde, desenvolveu em 2000, um estudo multicêntrico denominado Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento na América Latina e Caribe (SABE), realizado em sete países, entre eles o Brasil, sendo desenvolvido na área urbana do Município de São Paulo, com 2.143 idosos com 60 anos ou mais, divididos em duas partes: uma probabilística e uma intencional. Em todos os países envolvidos foi aplicado um instrumento único, padronizado, composto por onze seções. Para o estudo presente, a composição da amostra foi de idosos que, na avaliação do estado cognitivo, obtiveram uma pontuação de 12 ou menos no MEEM (Mini Exame do Estado Mental) e 6 ou mais no Questionário de Pfeffer para Atividades Funcionais (QPAF). O MEEM é um instrumento utilizado para avaliação das funções cognitivas e para o SABE utilizou-se uma versão modificada e validada do MEEM desenvolvido por Folstein. A combinação desses dois instrumentos indica uma maior especificidade para a medida de declínio cognitivo mais grave, sugerindo a presença de demência ou outros transtornos associados. Os objetivos desse estudo foram: traçar o perfil sócio-demográfico e as condições de saúde desses idosos com declínio cognitivo, bem como conhecer as reais necessidades de ajuda e a ajuda recebida pela rede de apoio, segundo arranjos domiciliares e rede de suporte social. As variáveis foram agrupadas em blocos temáticos de interesse: informações pessoais, condições de saúde, avaliação funcional, medicações utilizadas e suporte social. Os resultados se mostraram equiparados com a literatura, principalmente no que diz respeito às características sócio-demográficas, com maior número de mulheres, em faixas etárias mais velhas e com menor nível de escolaridade. Esses idosos também são mais acometidos de comorbidades, sendo que mais que a metade deles sofre de hipertensão arterial, possuem maior perda funcional, principalmente em relação às atividades instrumentais de vida diária, 30,8% sofrem de incontinência urinária e 13,0% de fecal, 37,2% deles apresentaram queda nos últimos 12 meses e 22,6% moram sós, sendo que a ajuda oferecida, pela maioria dos arranjos domiciliares chega muitas vezes em 100,0%, ficando também quase em sua totalidade, a responsabilidade e o oferecimento de ajuda pela família. / The Brazilian aging population is a phenomenon that occurs rapidly, changing the population morbid-mortality profile, consequently increasing the chronic non-transmissible diseases. Among these diseases there are dementias that produce a great impact to the attacked individuals, in their functionality as well as in the being able to be independent, often times needing extra caregiver for daily living, affected by cognitive decline. To understand the health demands that may emerge from the population that became rapidly aged, the Pan-American Health Organization, developed in 2000, a multi center study, named Well Being and Aging in Latin America and Caribbean (SABE), comprising of 7 countries, including Brazil, with 2,143 aged people 60 years and older in the urban area of the Sao Paulo county, divided in two parts: one probabilistic and one intentional. In all studied countries it was used only one instrument, standardized, consisting of eleven sections. For this present study, the sample composition was of aged people that presented 12 or less points in the Mini Mental State Test (MEEM) of the cognitive test and 6 points or more in the Pfeffer Examination for the Functional Activities (QPAF). The MEEM is an instrument used to evaluate the cognitive functions and to the SABE test, it was used a modified and validated version of the MEEM developed by Folstein. The combination of these two instruments shows a higher specificity to measure the worst cognitive decline, suggesting the presence of dementia and other associated problems. The objectives of this study were: to trace the socio-demographic profile and the health conditions of these aged people with cognitive decline, as well as to learn the real need for help and aid provided by the support group, as per the home arrangements and the web of social support. The variables were grouped in interest theme blocks: personal information, health conditions, functional evaluation, used medication, and social support. The results were demonstrated to be comparable with the literature, mainly related to the socio-demographic characteristics, with a larger number of women, in older age levels and lesser levels of schooling. These aged people are more susceptible of comorbidities, more than half of them have high blood pressure, and greater functional, mostly related to the loss of instrumental activities of the daily life, 30.8% suffer with urinary incontinence and 13.0% of fecal, 37.2% of them have fallen in the last 12 months, and 22.6% live alone, and the offered home support comes to 100%, coming to be the responsibility almost totally dependent of the family support.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar se participantes de Programas de Preparação para a Aposentadoria que se planejam para esta fase da vida e desenvolvem um plano de atividades para este novo período da vida, apresentam índices de qualidade de vida. Determinar dentre os indicadores da qualidade de vida em profissionais, decorrentes de ações prévias de planejamento, quais foram as atividades impactantes vivenciadas nos Programas de Preparação para Aposentadoria, que possam ser mensuradas e avaliadas, referentes aos domínios psicológico, físico, social e meio-ambiente e identificar se os programas empresariais destinados à indivíduos que pretendem desenvolver atividades continuadas depois da obtenção do benefício da aposentadoria, contribuíram para os indicadores da qualidade de vida. O estudo quantitativo pesquisou 51 profissionais que participam do Programa de Preparação para a Aposentadoria denominado \"Tempo Amigo\" de uma empresa metropolitana de transporte público da cidade de São Paulo, no segundo semestre de 2015, incluindo profissionais perto de se aposentarem e também de profissionais já aposentados, que continuam a participar do atual programa. Para este estudo definimos aposentadoria como sendo as pessoas no exercício do benefício obtido conforme as regras do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social. Utilizamos como instrumentos o Questionários Organização Mundial da Saúde de qualidade de vida suscinto (WHOQOL-Bref) e Questionário Psicossocial: Atividades influenciadoras de Qualidade de Vida, através da visão do trabalho e a construção do futuro (o autoconhecimento e a autoprojeção) em indivíduos que participam do Programa de Preparação para a Aposentadoria. Os resultados evidenciaram que profissionais que participam do Programa de Preparação para a Aposentadoria, planejam sua aposentadoria e preparam um plano de atividades para fazer depois deste momento apresentam indicadores da qualidade de vida nos domínios Psicológico 3,7127, Físico 3,7088, Relações Sociais 3,6153 e do Meio-Ambiente 3,6127, dentro dos padrões razoáveis estabelecidos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Os indicadores da qualidade de vida referentes aos domínios geral, psicológico, físico, social e meioambiente foram influenciados pelo planejamento de atividades preparatórias, vivenciadas no Programa de Preparação para a Aposentadoria. Dentre os indicadores da qualidade de vida, identificados no profissionais, decorrentes de ações prévias de planejamento vivenciados através do Programa de Preparação para a Aposentadoria provido pela empresa, observamos que as atividades preparatórias que impactaram foram as referentes à saúde, à produtividade, ao potencial, à construção do futuro e às finanças. O programa empresarial de preparação para a aposentadoria destinado à indivíduos que pretendem desenvolver atividades continuadas, depois de obtido o benefício da aposentadoria, contribuiu para os indicadores da qualidade de vida. programas e projetos de saúde / The objective of this study was to investigate whether people participating in a Retirement Preparation Program, planning this phase of life and deploy a plan of activities for their new time, have indicative in quality of life. Determine among quality of life indicatives, due to planning previous actions, which were important activities experienced in Retirement Preparation Plan, that can be measured and evaluated to psychological, physical, social and environment domains and identify wheather programs directed to individuals which intend deploy on going activities after getting retirement benefit, contributed to quality of life indicative. A quantitative study researched 51 professionals participants Retirement Preparation Program nominated Tempo Amigo, in a metropolitan public transportation company in São Paulo City, in second semester of 2015, including professionals close to retirement and professionals already retired, which continued participating current program. To this study retirement was defined as people exercising the benefit obtained under Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social\'s rules. WHOQOL-Bref and Psychosocial: activities influencing quality of life, throughout work vision and building the future (self-consciousness and selfprojection) questionnaires were applied at individuals participating in Retirement Preparation Program. The rusults showed that professionals participating in Retirement Preparaion Program, planning their retirement and preparing a plan of activities to do after this moment presented quality of life indicatives at domains Psychological 3.7127, Physical 3.7088, Social Relationships 3.6153 and Environment 3.6127, inside razonable standards stablished by Worldwide Health Organization. The quality of life indicatives due to domains general, physicological, physic, social and environment were impacted by planning preparatories activities, experienced in Retirement Preparation Program. Among the quality of life indicatives identifyed in professional due to previous planning actions experimented in Retirement Preparation Program provided by company, it was observed that the preparatories activities which impacted were due to healthy, productivity, potential, building the future and finance. The retirement corporative preparation program directed to individuals which intend to deploy on going activities, after obtained retirement benefit, contributed to quality of life indicatives

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria R M Bottos.pdf: 357557 bytes, checksum: 2b8b540681361b6a32782ed66bdc7a21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-04-24 / As longevity increases, one can observe a greater occurrence of non-transmissible chronic diseases such as Cerebral Vascular Accidents, which are in first place. This disease can result in death or leave incapacitating sequelae, such as partial or total disability, causing serious personal, family and societal effects. The study s general objective refers to this context, which presents the reality of aging in association with the disease, through an investigation on the personal and social impacts of aging with sequelae from a Cerebral Vascular Accident. The study was carried out with elderly who had suffered a Cerebral Vascular Accident and showed light to moderate levels of hemiplegia. The study s results revealed that, considering the subjective and social-cultural aspects related to the aging process, the impacts resulting from a Cerebral Vascular Accident were mainly characterized by loss of autonomy, and this change can have a positive as well as negative meaning, depending on the family and economic support given to the elderly / Com o aumento da longevidade observa-se uma maior ocorrência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, dentre elas, o Acidente Vascular Encefálico aparece em primeiro lugar. Esta doença pode levar as pessoas acometidas a óbito ou deixar seqüelas incapacitantes, como a invalidez parcial ou total, com graves repercussões pessoais, na família e na sociedade. O objetivo geral da presente pesquisa refere-se a esse contexto que apresenta a realidade da velhice, associada à doença, por meio de investigação sobre os impactos de ordem pessoal e social de envelhecer com seqüelas de um Acidente Vascular Encefálico. A pesquisa foi realizada com idosos que sofreram um Acidente Vascular Encefálico e que apresentam seqüelas de hemiplegia de grau leve a moderado. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam que, considerando-se os aspectos subjetivo e sócio-cultural relacionados ao processo de envelhecimento os impactos resultantes do Acidente Vascular Encefálico se caracterizam, principalmente, pela perda da autonomia, sendo que essa mudança pode ter um significado positivo ou negativo, dependendo do apoio familiar e econômico dispensados a esse idoso

Dans les pays de l’OCDE, le vieillissement démographique et la prévalence croissante de maladies chroniques induisent un accroissement marqué des effectifs de personnes âgées dépendantes. Répondre à la préoccupation sociétale concernant l’accompagnement des personnes en incapacité dans un contexte de pression sur les finances publiques constitue un défi majeur pour les politiques publiques. Comment les dispositifs publics visant à financer les soins de longue durée affectent les aides formelles et informelles reçues par les personnes en situation d’incapacité ? La distribution des aides médico-sociales et des restes-à-charge est-elle équitable ? Comment améliorer l’efficience et l’équité des dispositifs publics ? Cette thèse apporte un éclairage sur ces questions en mobilisant les outils conceptuels de la microéconomie et les méthodes de l’économie appliquée. Elle rassemble quatre investigations empiriques menées à partir de données françaises et néerlandaises récentes. Les 3 premiers chapitres traitent du cas français. Le chapitre 1 étudie la distinction faite entre adultes handicapés et personnes âgées dépendantes. Il évalue l’effet de la « barrière des 60 ans » sur les aides formelles et informelles reçues. Les chapitres 2 et 3 se focalisent sur le dispositif-phare destiné aux personnes âgées dépendantes, l’Allocation personnalisée d’autonomie (APA). Le chapitre 2 estime les élasticités prix et revenu de la demande d’aide à domicile des bénéficiaires de l’APA. Le chapitre 3 évalue l’équité dans l’utilisation des aides et des restes-à-charge dans le cadre de l’APA. Le chapitre 4 évalue l’équité horizontale dans l’utilisation de soins de longue durée aux Pays-Bas. Les subventions sur l’aide à domicile induisent des ajustements dans la consommation d’aide via des effets de revenu et de substitution, ce qui a des implications pour l’efficience de ces dispositifs. Des iniquités sont détectées dans les deux pays. / Dans les pays de l’OCDE, le vieillissement démographique et la prévalence croissante de maladies chroniques induisent un accroissement marqué des effectifs de personnes âgées dépendantes. Répondre à la préoccupation sociétale concernant l’accompagnement des personnes en incapacité dans un contexte de pression sur les finances publiques constitue un défi majeur pour les politiques publiques. Comment les dispositifs publics visant à financer les soins de longue durée affectent les aides formelles et informelles reçues par les personnes en situation d’incapacité ? La distribution des aides médico-sociales et des restes-à-charge est-elle équitable ? Comment améliorer l’efficience et l’équité des dispositifs publics ? Cette thèse apporte un éclairage sur ces questions en mobilisant les outils conceptuels de la microéconomie et les méthodes de l’économie appliquée. Elle rassemble quatre investigations empiriques menées à partir de données françaises et néerlandaises récentes. Les 3 premiers chapitres traitent du cas français. Le chapitre 1 étudie la distinction faite entre adultes handicapés et personnes âgées dépendantes. Il évalue l’effet de la « barrière des 60 ans » sur les aides formelles et informelles reçues. Les chapitres 2 et 3 se focalisent sur le dispositif-phare destiné aux personnes âgées dépendantes, l’Allocation personnalisée d’autonomie (APA). Le chapitre 2 estime les élasticités prix et revenu de la demande d’aide à domicile des bénéficiaires de l’APA. Le chapitre 3 évalue l’équité dans l’utilisation des aides et des restes-à-charge dans le cadre de l’APA. Le chapitre 4 évalue l’équité horizontale dans l’utilisation de soins de longue durée aux Pays-Bas. Les subventions sur l’aide à domicile induisent des ajustements dans la consommation d’aide via des effets de revenu et de substitution, ce qui a des implications pour l’efficience de ces dispositifs. Des iniquités sont détectées dans les deux pays.In OECD countries, population ageing and the increasing prevalence of some chronic diseases cause a substantial increase in the number of the disabled elderly. Responding to both the societal concern for ensuring appropriate longterm care (LTC) to the disabled and the pressure on public spending is a major challenge for public policies. How do public LTC schemes affect the use of formal and informal care by the disabled? Are there socio-economic disparities in the use of formal care? Is the allocation of LTC services and of the out-of-pocket payments incurred by the disabled elderly equitable? Which features of LTC policies could be changed to make them more efficient and more equitable? My research sheds light on these questions, using conceptual tools from microeconomics and methods in applied economics. It brings together four empirical investigations led in the contexts of France and the Netherlands, which have contrasting LTC systems. I make use of recent administrative and survey microdata. The first three Chapters focus on French policies. Chapter 1 studies the distinction that is made between the handicapped adults and the dependent elderly in access to public LTC support. It assesses the effect of the “age 60 threshold” on the formal and informal care received by individuals with a disability. Chapters 2 and 3 concentrate on the main scheme accessible to the disabled elderly, the Allocation personnalisée d’autonomie (APA). Chapter 2 estimates the income and price elasticities of formal home care demand by APA beneficiaries. Chapter 3 assesses equity in the use and financing of home care within the APA scheme. Chapter 4 lands in the Netherlands and assesses income-related horizontal equity in LTC use. Home care subsidies trigger adjustments in the use of care through both substitution and income effects. This has implications for the efficiency of such policies. Some inequity is detected in both countries.

Dans un contexte de vieillissement rapide de la population, cette thèse explore les liens existants entre santé et modes de prise en charge des personnes âgées dépendantes et s'intéresse à la question du financement de la dépendance.La satisfaction des besoins d'aide des personnes âgées dépendantes constitue un objectif central de politiques publiques. Le Chapitre 1 estime l'effet de l'aide informelle (i.e. familiale) et de l'aide formelle (i.e. professionnelle) à domicile sur la santé mentale des personnes âgées dépendantes en France. Les résultats montrent que l'aide informelle réduit le risque de dépression et que l'aide formelle peut améliorer la santé mentale générale.De récentes études reconnaissent qu'aider un proche dépendant a des effets négatifs sur la santé des aidants et soulignent l'importance de les soutenir. Le Chapitre 2 s'intéresse à l'effet du soutien social sur la santé des aidants informels. Il montre que l'aide formelle et le soutien informel réduisent les problèmes de santé mentale associés à l'activité d'aide.Enfin, étant donné la pression financière et fiscale qui pèse sur les systèmes publics, le Chapitre 3 étudie dans quelle mesure les Européens seraient capables de financer leurs périodes de dépendance sur la base de leurs revenus et de leur patrimoine financier et immobilier. Il s'intéresse également au rôle du prêt viager hypothécaire. Les simulations soulignent que seule une faible proportion des individus serait capable de financer l'ensemble de ses dépenses de dépendance. Par ailleurs, le patrimoine immobilier pourrait jouer un rôle important dans le financement de la dépendance. / In the context of a rapidly aging population, this doctoral dissertation explores the relationship between health and long-term care arrangements and addresses the issue of the financing of long-term care.Meeting the needs of dependent elderly is an important objective of public policy. Chapter 1 estimates the effects of both informal (i.e. family) care and formal (i.e. professional) home care on the mental health of French dependent elderly. The results highlight that informal care decreases the risk of depression and that formal care can improve general mental health.Recent studies acknowledge that providing informal care has adverse health effects and emphasize the importance of supporting caregivers. Chapter 2 examines the effect of social support on caregivers' health. It shows that formal care and informal support limit the negative consequences of caregiving on mental health.Finally, given the increasing financial and fiscal pressure on public systems, Chapter 3 investigates to what extent Europeans elderly are able to pay for their periods of long-term care needs on the basis of their income, financial assets and home equity. It also studies the role of reverse mortgages. The simulations stress that only a small proportion of individuals would be able to finance totally their long-term care expenses and that housing assets may play an important role in long-term care financing.

O envelhecimento populacional no Brasil é um fenômeno que ocorre rapidamente, alterando o perfil de morbi-mortalidade da população, com conseqüente aumento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Dentre essas doenças estão inseridas as demências, que produzem grande impacto para os indivíduos acometidos, tanto no que diz respeito à funcionalidade e manutenção da independência, como também a necessidade, muitas vezes, do auxílio de um cuidador para o desempenho das tarefas do cotidiano, afetadas pelo declínio cognitivo. Para conhecer as demandas de saúde que poderão emergir da população que se tornou rapidamente idosa, a Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde, desenvolveu em 2000, um estudo multicêntrico denominado Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento na América Latina e Caribe (SABE), realizado em sete países, entre eles o Brasil, sendo desenvolvido na área urbana do Município de São Paulo, com 2.143 idosos com 60 anos ou mais, divididos em duas partes: uma probabilística e uma intencional. Em todos os países envolvidos foi aplicado um instrumento único, padronizado, composto por onze seções. Para o estudo presente, a composição da amostra foi de idosos que, na avaliação do estado cognitivo, obtiveram uma pontuação de 12 ou menos no MEEM (Mini Exame do Estado Mental) e 6 ou mais no Questionário de Pfeffer para Atividades Funcionais (QPAF). O MEEM é um instrumento utilizado para avaliação das funções cognitivas e para o SABE utilizou-se uma versão modificada e validada do MEEM desenvolvido por Folstein. A combinação desses dois instrumentos indica uma maior especificidade para a medida de declínio cognitivo mais grave, sugerindo a presença de demência ou outros transtornos associados. Os objetivos desse estudo foram: traçar o perfil sócio-demográfico e as condições de saúde desses idosos com declínio cognitivo, bem como conhecer as reais necessidades de ajuda e a ajuda recebida pela rede de apoio, segundo arranjos domiciliares e rede de suporte social. As variáveis foram agrupadas em blocos temáticos de interesse: informações pessoais, condições de saúde, avaliação funcional, medicações utilizadas e suporte social. Os resultados se mostraram equiparados com a literatura, principalmente no que diz respeito às características sócio-demográficas, com maior número de mulheres, em faixas etárias mais velhas e com menor nível de escolaridade. Esses idosos também são mais acometidos de comorbidades, sendo que mais que a metade deles sofre de hipertensão arterial, possuem maior perda funcional, principalmente em relação às atividades instrumentais de vida diária, 30,8% sofrem de incontinência urinária e 13,0% de fecal, 37,2% deles apresentaram queda nos últimos 12 meses e 22,6% moram sós, sendo que a ajuda oferecida, pela maioria dos arranjos domiciliares chega muitas vezes em 100,0%, ficando também quase em sua totalidade, a responsabilidade e o oferecimento de ajuda pela família. / The Brazilian aging population is a phenomenon that occurs rapidly, changing the population morbid-mortality profile, consequently increasing the chronic non-transmissible diseases. Among these diseases there are dementias that produce a great impact to the attacked individuals, in their functionality as well as in the being able to be independent, often times needing extra caregiver for daily living, affected by cognitive decline. To understand the health demands that may emerge from the population that became rapidly aged, the Pan-American Health Organization, developed in 2000, a multi center study, named Well Being and Aging in Latin America and Caribbean (SABE), comprising of 7 countries, including Brazil, with 2,143 aged people 60 years and older in the urban area of the Sao Paulo county, divided in two parts: one probabilistic and one intentional. In all studied countries it was used only one instrument, standardized, consisting of eleven sections. For this present study, the sample composition was of aged people that presented 12 or less points in the Mini Mental State Test (MEEM) of the cognitive test and 6 points or more in the Pfeffer Examination for the Functional Activities (QPAF). The MEEM is an instrument used to evaluate the cognitive functions and to the SABE test, it was used a modified and validated version of the MEEM developed by Folstein. The combination of these two instruments shows a higher specificity to measure the worst cognitive decline, suggesting the presence of dementia and other associated problems. The objectives of this study were: to trace the socio-demographic profile and the health conditions of these aged people with cognitive decline, as well as to learn the real need for help and aid provided by the support group, as per the home arrangements and the web of social support. The variables were grouped in interest theme blocks: personal information, health conditions, functional evaluation, used medication, and social support. The results were demonstrated to be comparable with the literature, mainly related to the socio-demographic characteristics, with a larger number of women, in older age levels and lesser levels of schooling. These aged people are more susceptible of comorbidities, more than half of them have high blood pressure, and greater functional, mostly related to the loss of instrumental activities of the daily life, 30.8% suffer with urinary incontinence and 13.0% of fecal, 37.2% of them have fallen in the last 12 months, and 22.6% live alone, and the offered home support comes to 100%, coming to be the responsibility almost totally dependent of the family support.

The United States are facing a critical workforce challenge, even though current unemployment is around 6.7%, employers find it difficult to find applicants that can satisfy all job requirements. This problem is especially pronounced in the manufacturing sector where a critical skills gap has developed, a problem that is exasperated by workforce demographics. A large number of employees across the various manufacturing sub-disciplines are eligible to retire now or in the near future. This gray tsunami requires swift action as well as long lasting change resulting in a workforce pipeline that can provide Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) majors in sufficient quantity and quality to satisfy not only the needs of STEM industries, but also of those companies outside of the STEM sector that hire STEM graduates. The research shown here will identify overt symptoms describing the capability gap, will identify specific skills describing the gap, educational causes why the gaps has not yet been addressed or is difficult to address, and lastly educational remedies that can contribute to closing the capability gap. A significant body of literature focusing on engineering in higher education has been evaluated and findings will be presented here. A multidisciplinary, collaborative capstone program will be described which implements some of the findings from this study in an active learning environment for students working on distributed teams across the US. Preliminary findings regarding the impact of these measures on the quantity of engineers to the US economy will be evaluated.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Sociology and Gerontology, 2009. / Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-156).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Sociology and Gerontology, 2009. / Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-156).