About 4 % women in general population and up to 19 % women in at-risk population suffer from PTSD related to childbirth. The main risk factors for postpartum PTSD are negative birth experience and obstetric emergencies. However, the findings about risk factors and prevalence rates vary across studies, which is mainly due to the inconsistency in the diagnostics of postpartum PTSD. Researchers use various PTSD measures that differ in the number and type of symptoms monitored and many of these measures do not cover all DSM criteria for PTSD. Furthermore, the PTSD diagnostic criteria have been significantly modified in the new DSM-5 and the existing instruments need to be revised. The first part of the thesis presents the concept of PTSD related to childbirth. Special attention is paid to the risk factors identified in previous research and to the analysis of PTSD diagnostic and screening measures used in the postpartum context. The aim of the second part of the thesis is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the unpublished Childbirth-Related PTSD Questionnaire on a sample of 620 Czech women. The factor validity of the scale, the internal consistency of the total scale and the subscales resulting from the factor analysis; and the criterion validity of the instrument are verified. With regard to...

Determination of Parenthood (Abstract) The determination of parenthood is undoubtedly a very topical issue. There are significant changes which are consequences of modern society approach to the family life as well as of massive progress in the field of medical science and genetics. The development in these areas has brought new concepts such as baby-boxes, assisted reproduction and surrogacy. Now it is up to the legislation to provide rules within the legal framework for these new institutions to steady parental relationships and to secure their protection as well. The aim of this thesis is to familiarize the reader with Czech legal regulation of determination of parenthood by means of its description and analysis. Another aim of the work is to compare this legal regulation with regulation in other countries, in particular in Germany and to find similarities and differences between them. Finally the thesis highlights new institutions within determination of parenthood. This thesis consists of nine chapters which deal with particular parts of its subject-matter. The opening chapter discusses the relationship between a parent and a child both theoretically and historically. Apart from that it also describes legal regulations applicable in the Czech Republic and Germany in the course of time. The second...

Determination of Parenthood (Abstract) The topic determination of parenthood today is very actual nowadays and it is not possible to neglect its importance. Changes taking place both in the social life of modern times, and in the field of medicine is necessary to constantly reflect and to adapt them to the legal order. Concepts such as assisted reproduction, surrogacy, concealed birth and baby-boxes are a common part of human society and it is not possible to avoid dealing with the situation around them. The aim of this thesis is to summarize the Czech legislation of determination of parenthood, to mention problematic situations that may arise in connection with it and describe possible solutions to these situations. The another aim then is to acquaint the reader with the newly developing institutions, such as assisted reproduction, surrogacy, concealed birth, baby boxes, etc., and analysis of their current legal status supplemented by comparison of legislation in other European and non-European countries, which could serve as inspiration for future development in the Czech legal order. The first chapter deals with family law, family and relationships between parents and children both from a theoretical and historical point of view. The second chapter is devoted to an overview of the most important changes...

- Determination of Parenthood The topic of my thesis is Determination of Parenthood. With this topic are connected problems not only legal, but often also social and ethical. Parenthood affects all of us and it's an important aspect of human life. That's why there should be legal assurance in relationship between parent and child. Development in the field of medicine is still ahead (mainly thanks to methods of assisted reproduction and DNA analysis) and the rules of law should respond and deal with it. The aim of this thesis is describe and become acquainted with problematics of determination of parenthood, valorize how legislation responds to modern development and to propose possible changes. Thesis is prepared on the basis of existing legislation on the date of submission of the thesis. Thesis is divided into seven main chapters, which are divided to further subsections. First chapter deals with concept of parenthood and methods of determination. Second chapter describes historical development of legislation on Czech territory, since Roman law to recodification of civil law. Related third chapter concisely summarizes national and international legal sources of current legislation. Chapter four is about determination of maternity and problems of surrogacy, anonymous childbirth, concealed birth...

In my work, I deal with motherhood from the perspective of mothers with severe visual impairment. I focused especially on parenthood planning, on the period of pregnancy, childbirth and stay in the maternity ward and on the care for the child from birth to the age of three. I was interested to find out, whether visually impaired mothers encounter prejudices on part of the well-sighted people, whether they were worried that they could give birth to a handicapped child, what are the difficulties that severely visually impaired mothers come across most often in the individual period of development of the child, if and how education of children is different from the perspective of visually impaired parents from the perspective of well-sighted parents and also whether the child growing up in a family with at least one visually impaired parent is deprived of something or whether, on the contrary, this family situation has any advantages for such child. The objective of my diploma thesis is to map out various aspects of life of visually impaired mothers with small children in the greatest detail, directly from the point of view of those women. I attempted to achieve this objective by means of a qualitative method research, in particular in the form of a structured interview with six visually impaired mothers.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with a length of 18 to 25 nucleotides playing a pivotal role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. There are miRNAs whose expression is limited to a certain tissue type and diseases which are characterized by a unique miRNA expression profile. I assumed spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) would be characterized by a unique miRNA expression profile. I observed the gene expression of 15 placental specific miRNAs (miR-512-5p, miR-515-5p, miR-516b-5p, miR-517-5p, miR-518b, miR-518f-5p, miR-519a-5p, miR-519d-3p, miR-519e- 5p, miR-520a-5p, miR-520h, miR-524-5p, miR-525-5p, miR-526a and miR-526b-5p) in placental tissue of pacients with PTB, PPROM and women with term in labor pregnancies (FG). PTB group consisted of 24 pacients, PPROM group of 75 pacients and FG group of 20 pacients. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to quantify gene expression. In the group of PTB pregnancies I identified 3 significantly upregulated miRNAs (miR-516b-5p, miR-519d-3p and miR-524-5p) and 4 miRNAs (miR-518b, miR-519a-5p, miR-520h and miR-526a) with a trend to upregulation compared to controls (FG). In the group of PPROM pregnancies I identified 3 miRNAs (miR-519d-3p, miR-520h and miR-256b-5p) with a trend to...

The aim of the thesis is to analyze the economic profitability of current obstetric facilities in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part deals with economic aspects of health such as health determinants and their effect on human health, the specific of health care and role of the state in health care. Further work is focused on exploring different types of health systems, the principles of financing Czech healthcare system and its development in recent years. Despite the increasing role of direct financing of health care and higher patient participation, the public sector still plays the most important role, which follows from the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. Based on available data on infant mortality the efficiency of functioning of the Czech and American health care system will be compared. Infant mortality in the Czech Republic is very low and our country in this regard is placed on the top places in the world. The practical part deals with analysis of the costs of planned caesarean section, including the total time a mother spends in hospital. Furthermore, the practical part deals with the future of obstetrics in the Czech Republic in terms of plans for the closing of small hospitals with low numbers of births and infant homes replacing foster care. The final part deals with births at home as a substitute for births in hospitals. This topic is now getting into media interest when it is discussed to ensure adequate care in childbirth and health risks for mother and newborn.

The Suffolk is the most well-known of the English lowland sheep breeds. A black-faced sheep with short-stapled wool, the breed is used primarily for meat production. The Suffolk is classified as one of the breeds with the best ability to fatten and its meat yield is approximately 60%. The breed is characterised by its good adaptability to different climate and breeding conditions and overall good health. The ewes are known for their high fertility rate, shorter oestrus cycle, excellent maternal instincts, and high milk production. As a result of these characteristics, the Suffolk has become a very popular breed around the world. This thesis focuses on the breeding of Suffolk sheep as one of the best breeds for the production of slaughter lambs. The thesis also looks at reproduction as a part of sheep breeding, as well as at the factors that have an effect on pregnancy, the birthing process, and the newborn lamb. The main objective of this thesis was to process the lambing data for a specific herd of Suffolk sheep, including performing an evaluation of the basic reproductive indicators, calculating the birth weight of lambs, and determining the ideal age for including ewes in the breeding herd. The basic reproductive indicators include fertility, fertilisation, breeding intensity, and weaned lamb production. In the studied herd of sheep, these indicators were calculated as follows: fertility 182%; fertilisation 91%; breeding intensity 155%; and weaned lamb production 159%. The average birth weight of the lambs was 3.9 kg and the average optimal age for inclusion in the breeding herd was determined to be 17.5 months.

This diploma thesis deals with the role of the child nurse in the adaptation of the newborn after delivery.In the theoretical part we devote to the available scientific knowledge focused on the course of pregnancy, the way of giving birth (vaginal and operative), assessment of postnatal adaptation of the newborn, breastfeeding and its importance. The essential part is mapping the role of child nurse in newborn care using the NOC system to evaluate their postnatal adaptation. The Czech and foreign literary sources were used for the theoretical part of the diploma thesis. The first aim of the diploma thesis was a detailed mapping of the role of the child nurse in postnatal adaptation of the newborn after physiological and operative delivery. Two research questions have been selected for its solution. The first research question was, what Apgar values the newborns show after the physiological and operative delivery. The second research question was the success of the first application of the newborn to breastfeeding within 30 minutes after physiological and operative delivery. The second aim of this diploma thesis was to verify the classification of the NOC on the evaluation of the newborn adaptation. For the solution, a research question has been determined, what is the opinion of nurses on the use of the NOC classification system in postnatal adaptation. For the empirical part of the research we have chosen a qualitatively quantitative strategy. Observation, individual semi-structured interviews with nurses and written filling of NOC classification system forms were used for data collection. The first research group was 10 newborns after the physiological - vaginal delivery and 10 newborns after the operative delivery by Caesarean section. The second research group consisted of 2 child nurses working with neonates as part of postnatal adaptation in Hospital Jihlava. Analyzing and interpreting the obtained results, we found out that newborns born by vaginal delivery had an average Apgar score of 8.03 and newborns born by Caesarean section had an average Apgar score of 9.50. The average values of the indicators in the NOC classification system code 0118 The adaptation of the newborn showed slightly poorer results after vaginal deliveries. Two groups of newborns that we followed did not match the generally expected results. Newborns after the Caesarean section are threatened by risk factors, but due to careful nursing care and gentle childbirth, such a risk does not occur and the process of postnatal adaptation can be successful. In the NOC classification system code 1000 Beginning of breastfeeding child showed the indicators at vaginal deliveries, at least 8 feedings per day and infant satisfaction after feeding, better results. In the NOC classification system code 1001 Beginning of breastfeeding mother the average values of breast suction indicators and satisfaction with the breastfeeding process resulted better in favour of neonates born vaginally compared to neonates after Caesarean section. As regards the success of the first feeding of neonates to breastfeeding within 30 minutes after delivery, a clearly superior result was obtained for newborns born vaginally. The conclusions drawn from our research in relation to child breastfeeding by mother confirm the clear benefit of vaginal births for the successful adaptation of newborns. A child nurse undoubtedly plays an important role in the assessment of postnatal adaptation of the newborn. The research of the diploma thesis shows that the classification system NOC is very well sophisticated in the context of a newborn adaptation and it is even detailed in connection with the follow-up and subsequent provision of newborn care. Its full use in current practice in the established care system of particular healthcare facilities is not possible due to insufficient staffing of the department. The existing documentation system does not provide reserves

Cette thèse de doctorat est consacrée à l’étude analytique et numérique de systèmes de polymères et de fibres à deux dimensions. Des systèmes de polymères confinés en films ultra-minces présentent un très grand intérêt technologique et expérimentale et posent de nombreux défis théoriques en raison de leur fort comportement non-champ moyen qui se manifeste par divers exposants critiques non triviaux. Nous nous concentrons sur la limite strictement 2D où le croisement des chaînes est interdit et nous étudions, en fonction de la densité et de la rigidité des chaînes, les propriétés élastiques et conformationnelles de trois classes de systèmes: polymères flexibles et semi flexibles à température finie et polymères macroscopiques athermiques (fibres) à courbure spontanée imposée. Pour les polymères flexibles, il est démontré que bien que les polymères auto-évitant denses adoptent des configurations compactes avec un exposant de Flory ν = 1/2, ils ne se comportent pas comme des chaines gaussiennes. En particulier un exposant de contact non-nul θ2 = 3/4 implique une dimension fractale de périmètre dp = 5/4. Par conséquence, en accord avec la loi généralisée de Porod, le facteur de structure intramoléculaire F(q) révèle un comportement non-gaussien et la température de démixion des mélanges de polymères 2D devrait être réduite. Nous étudions également les effets de la rigidité des chaînes sur les systèmes de polymères à 2D et constatons que le comportement universel n’est pas modifié lorsque la longueur de persistance est beaucoup plus petite que la longueur de confinement. La nature de la transition de phase nématique à haute rigidité, qui est dans le cas 2D l’objet d’un débat de longue date, est également explorée. Des résultats préliminaires semblent indiquer une transition du premier ordre. Enfin, motivés par un travail théorique récent sur les modules élastiques de faisceaux de fibres, nous étudions les effets de la courbure spontanée sur l’élasticité d’ensembles de fibres. Nous montrons que en jouant sur le désordre des amplitudes des modes de Fourier de l’état fondamental il est possible de régler le module de compression, en accord qualitatif avec la théorie. / This PhD thesis is devoted to a theoretical study of polymer and ’polymer like’ systems in strictly two dimensions. Polymer systems in reduced dimensions are of high experimental and technological interest and present theoretical challenges due to their strong non-mean-field-like behavior manifested by various non-trivial universal power law exponents. We focus on the strictly 2D limit where chain crossing is forbidden and study as function of density and of chain rigidity conformational and elastic properties of three system classes: flexible and semiflexible polymers at finite temperature and macroscopic athermal polymers (fibers) with imposed quenched curvature. For flexible polymers it is shown that although dense self-avoiding polymers are segregated with Flory exponent ν = 1/2 , they do not behave as Gaussian chains. In particular a non-zero contact exponent θ2 = 3/4 implies a fractal perimeter dimension of dp = 5/4. As a consequence and in agreement with the generalized Porod law, the intramolecular structure factor F(q) reveals a non-Gaussian behavior and the demixing temperature of 2D polymer blends is expected to be reduced. We also investigate the effects of chain rigidity on 2D polymer systems and found that universal behavior is not changed when the persistence length is not too large compared to the semidilute blob size. The nature of the nematic phase transition at higher rigidities, which is in the 2D case the subject of a long standing debate, is also briefly explored. Preliminary results seem to indicate a first order transition. Finally, motivated by recent theoretical work on elastic moduli of fiber bundles, we study the effects of spontaneous curvature at zero temperature. We show that by playing on the disorder of the Fourier mode amplitudes of the ground state, it is possible to tune the compression modulus, in qualitative agreement with theory.