The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological inquiry was to explore college-aged women's experiences of body positivity and self-acceptance. I applied a conceptual framework that blended feminist identity development model (FIDM) and relational cultural theory (RCT) to answer the following questions: (a) what are the lived experiences of college-aged women who identify as having a positive and accepting body image? and (b) how do college-aged women's intersecting identities contribute to the development of positive and accepting body image? Ten college-age women participated in the current study. The participants provided detailed accounts of their experiences of body image throughout their life. Five overarching themes were identified through data analysis of the interview transcripts: (a) advocating for self and others, (b) beauty expectations and societal definitions, (c) intersecting identities, (d) journey of acceptance, and (e) relationships and community. Participants offered insight into the development of their current position of body positivity and self-acceptance that serve as implications for other relevant contexts. Implications and recommendations drawn from the participants' experiences can inform preventative and treatment care in educational settings, family environments, clinical practice, and integrated care.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka mäns positiva kroppsuppfattning och embodiment. Syftet var också att jämföra män som utövar aktiviteter som främjar positiv kroppsuppfattning vandring, yoga, frigörande dans, klättring, dykning, kampsport, ridning och mindfulness meditation med män som inte utövar någon av dessa aktiviteter.Fyra hypoteser formulerades och testades med Mann Whitney U-test och Spearman´s korrelationskoefficient. Data samlades in med elektronisk enkät via sociala medier. Stickproven bestod av 328 män som utövade aktivitet och 40 män som inte utövade aktivitet. Positiv kroppsuppfattning mättes med Body Appreciation Scale-2 och embodiment mättes med det förenklade instrumentet Physical Body Experiences Questionnaire Simplified for Active Aging. Resultaten visade att män som utövar aktiviteter som verkar främjande för positiv kroppsuppfattning har en högre positiv kroppsuppfattning och embodiment än män som inte utövar sådana aktiviteter. Korrelationskoefficienten visade också att allmän motion/träning korrelerar med positiv kroppsuppfattning och embodiment för båda grupperna men visar också på en högre korrelation för de män som inte utövar aktivitet. Slutsatserna i föreliggande studie är det vidare behöver undersökas vilka aktiviteter och vad hos aktiviteterna som kan verka främjande för positiv kroppsuppfattning. Slutsatsen är också att mot bakgrund av tidigare forskning så behövs ytterligare forskning för att utröna vilka aktiviteter samt vilka egenskaper hos aktiviteterna som kan verka främjande för mäns kroppsuppfattning. Vidare dras slutsatsen att vissa aktiviteter kan användas i arbete för att främja kroppsuppfattningen och även i vardagslivet för att förebygga en negativ kroppsuppfattning. / The purpose of this study was to examine mens positive body image and embodiment. The purpose was also to compare men that practice activities that promote positive body image; hiking, yoga, freestyle dancing, rock climbing, scuba diving, martial arts, horse riding and mindfulness meditation, with med that does not practice any of these activities. Four hypotheses was formulated and tested with Mann Whitney U-test and Spearman´s rank correlation coefficient. Data was collected through an electronic questionnaire that was published on social media. The samples consisted of 328 men that practiced activity and 40 men that did not practice activity. Positive body image was measured with Body Appreciation Scale-2 and embodiment was measured with the simplified instrument Physical Body Experiences Questionnaire Simplified for Active Aging. The results showed that men that practice activites that promote positive body image has a higher level of positive body image and embodiment than men that doesn´t practice that kind of activities. The correlation coefficient show that general exercise correlates with positive body image and embodiment for both groups but shows a greater correlation for the men that doesn´t practice activity. The conclusions in this study is that further research is needed to examine whichactivities and which characteristics in those activities that could promote positive body image. The conclusion is also that in the light of previous research further research is needed to examine which activities and which traits in those activities that can promote body image in men. Further, the conclusion is that some activities could be used in work to promote body image and in daily life to prevent a negative body image.

Is people’s appreciation for their bodies lower when they engage in more appearance comparison online and is this relation differs as a function of age? Previous research shows that body appreciation is important for people’s well-being and frequent appearance comparison is seen to be related to lower well-being. Research also shows age differences in body appreciation and the tendency to engage in comparison with others. There is a lack of studies looking at body appreciation that includes older people and men. Online social comparison has only been measured using narrow definitions of comparative behaviors. The current study aims to assess if lower body appreciation is seen for people who compare themselves more online and if this is moderated by age. An online survey was distributed to Swedish citizens over the age of 16. The survey asked about people’s body appreciation and the different online appearance-comparison behaviors they perform. A moderation analysis was conducted and showed that lower body appreciation is related to higher engagement in appearance comparison online and this relation was stronger for older people. This study expands the knowledge about body appreciation with a sample that is more representative of the Swedish population. It also expands the knowledge of how body appreciation is related to online social comparison. People generally seem to experience lower appreciation for their bodies when they engage in more online appearance comparison and the relationship is stronger for older people. / Är personers uppskattning för deras kropp lägre när de jämför sitt utseende mer med andra online och ifall relation ändras som en funktion av ålder? Tidigare forskning har visat att kroppsuppskattning är viktigt för personers välmående och frekventa jämförelser med andra har visats vara relaterade till ett försämrat välmående. Forskning har också visat att det finns åldersskillnader i både kroppsuppskattning och ens tendens att jämföra sig med andra. Det finns lite forskning som tittar på kroppsuppskattning bland äldre personer och män. Personers utseende-jämförelse online har tidigare enbart blivit mätt med smala mått som tittar på enstaka jämförelsebeteenden. Vår studie siktar på att undersöka om personer har lägre kroppsuppskattning när de jämför sitt utseende med andra oftare online och om den här relationen modereras av ålder. En online-enkät delades ut med frågor gällande kroppsuppskattning och frågor gällande olika typer av jämförelsebeteenden folk kan utföra online. Enkäten delades ut till svenska medborgare över 16 års ålder. En moderationsanalys genomfördes och visade att kroppsuppskattning var lägre bland personer som jämförde sin kropp oftare online och relationen var som starkast för äldre personer. Den här studien tillför mer kunskap om kroppsuppskattning med ett urval som är mer representativt för Sveriges befolkning. Studien tillför mer kunskap kring kopplingen mellan kroppsuppskattning och utseende-jämförelser online. Generellt så uppskattar folk sin kropp mindre när de ofta jämför sitt utseende med andra online och relationen var starkast för äldre personer.

No description available.

研究背景：身體意象困擾為現代女性自我發展之重要議題之一，且為飲食疾患之危險因子，身體意象預防方案因而受到重視，過去方案多注重負向之影響因素。近年來，「正向身體意象」概念發展並重視個體對自己身體的正向感受以及身心調和，但仍欠缺實踐之方法。本研究旨在以動勢場概念發展身體意象預防性介入方案，探討此預防方案提升女大學生對自我身體欣賞、覺察程度，及降低負向身體意象之效果。因研究工具受到中文化限制，本研究之研究一將針對身體意象問卷進行中文化以及信效度檢驗，研究二探討介入方案之療效。 研究方法：研究一採用問卷法，中文化問卷後針對201名女性大學生進行資料搜集，在問卷之信效度檢驗上，採用內部一致性信度、建構效度以及效標關聯效度進行檢驗。研究二招募三組受試者，依次是實驗組（N = 14）、體育課組（N = 15）以及控制組（N = 20），共有49名某國立大學女性大學生參與本研究。實驗組受試者接受每週1次，每次1.5小時，共計8次之團體介入。三組皆採用自陳氏問卷，於介入前、介入後以及三個月追蹤之三個時間點進行資料搜集。 研究發現：本研究中文化問卷大致具有足夠之信效度，可作為測量工具。介入結果顯示相較於體育課組以及控制組，實驗組在身體覺察上於後測以及三個月追蹤皆較前測有顯著之效果。 結論：本研究嘗試以舞蹈治療作為基礎，發展身體意象預防方案，結果可有效提升個體的身體覺察程度，但方案內容仍有待改進之空間。最後，提出本研究限制以及未來研究方向。 / Background: Body image concern is one of the important issues of modern women's self-development, and also the risk factors for eating disorders. Thus body image prevention program has been taken seriously, which, in the past the programs were more emphasized on negative factors. In recent years, the concept of "positive body image" has been developing and emphasizing on one's own positive feelings about individual's body and body-mind attunement, but still lacking of practical and well organized method to put into practice. This study aims to develop a body image prevention program based on the concept of Dongshi, to explore the effectiveness of the improvement of body appreciation and body responsiveness, also the effectiveness to decrease the impact of negative body image. Due to the limitations of the Chinese version research tools, Study 1 of this study will focus on examing the reliability and validity of the Chinese version’s body image questionnaires. Study 2 will explore the effectiveness of the prevention program. Methods: In Study 1, the questionnaires were used to study the data of 201 female college students. On the reliability and the validity of the questionnaires, the internal consistency reliability and construct validity were tested. In Study 2, three groups were recruited as the intervention group (N = 14), the physical education class group (N = 15) and the control group (N = 20), a total of 49 female college students from a national university participated in the study as samples. The intervention group received a weekly intervention, 1.5 hour each time, a total of 8 sessions in group involved. All three groups were collected from the self-reported questionnaire, and data collection from three periods: before the intervention, after the intervention and 3 months follow-up. Result: It is found that the Chinese edition questionnaires in this study are sufficiently reliable and can be used as a measurement tool. The results of the intervention showed that in comparing with the physical education group and the control group, the intervention group had significant effect on the post-test and the three-month follow-up in the body awareness. Conclusion: This study attempts to develop a body image prevention program based on dance therapy. The results can effectively improve the individual's body awareness, but the content of the program still has room for improvement. Finally, the limitations of this study and future directions for research are proposed.

Syftet med studien var att (a) studera hälsosam kroppsuppfattning i relation till kroppsfunktionalitet, motionsmotiv, ångest och självkänsla, samt (b) undersöka om dessa faktorer kan predicera hälsosam kroppsuppfattning. Via webbenkäter samlades data in vid två tillfällen. 93 stycken kvinnor deltog, samtliga var över 18 år. Regressionsanalys visade att samtliga prediktorer kroppsfunktionalitet, utseenderelaterade motionsmotiv, funktionsrelaterade motionsmotiv, ångest och självkänsla var signifikanta prediktorer för kroppsuppskattning och utseendevärdering. Utvecklingsteorin om förkroppsligande samt Objektifieringsteorin är två välanvända teorier i sammanhang som studerar hälsosam kroppsuppfattning. Dessa användes i studien för att belysa kroppsfunktionalitetens roll i relation till hälsosam kroppsuppfattning samt ge en ökad förståelse för kroppsuppfattning ur en kvinnlig aspekt. Studiens resultat uppmärksammar faktorer som är relevanta i arbetet att förebygga och behandla kvinnors kroppsuppfattning. / The purpose of the study was to (a) study healthy body image in relation to body functionality, exercise motives, anxiety and self-esteem, and (b) examine whether these factors can predict healthy body image. Data were collected via web surveys on two occasions. 93 women participated, and all of them were over the age of 18. Regression analysis showed that all predictors, body functionality, appearance-related exercise motives, function-related exercise motives, anxiety and self-esteem were significant predictors of body appreciation and appearance evaluation. The developmental theory of embodiment and the objectification theory are two theories that are well-used in contexts that study positive body image. These were used in the study to illuminate the role of body functionality in relation to positive body image and to provide an increased understanding of body image from a female aspect. The results of the study draw attention to factors that are relevant in the work of preventing and treating women's body image.

Магистерская диссертация выполнена на 82 страницах, состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы из 82 наименований, содержит 8 рисунков, 4 таблиц, имеет 3 приложения. Объект исследования: образ тела и самоотношение студентов. Предмет исследования: связь между компонентами образа тела и самоотношения студентов. Выборка исследования составляет 174 студента Уральского федерального университета г. Екатеринбург (21 юноша и 153 девушки). Эмпирическое исследование было проведено при помощи ассоциативного эксперимента А. В. Светиковой, З. В. Борисенко для выявления описательных конструктов образа тела, методики самооценки внешнего облика В. А. Лабунской, методики исследования самоотношения к образу физического «Я» А. Г. Черкашиной, методики исследования самоотношения С. Р. Пантилеева. В первой главе рассматриваются теоретические аспекты проблемы образа тела и самоотношения. В частности, приводится анализ теоретических представлений об образе тела в различных психологических подходах и модели данного феномена, раскрывается отношение к телу как части самоотношения личности и анализируются эмпирические исследования, посвященные особенностям образа тела и самоотношения у студентов. Вторая глава направлена на изучение образа тела и отношения к себе у студентов. В результате исследования подтвердилась гипотеза о том, между удовлетворенность телом и самоотношением есть связь. Было обнаружено, что девушки относятся к своему телу положительнее, чем юноши. В самоотношении между юношами и девушками различий найдено не было. Также была найдена связь между оценкой функциональных характеристик и уровнем самоуважения, аутосимпатии. Заключение посвящено основным выводам по результатам исследования и обсуждению дальнейших перспектив исследования. / The master's thesis is made on 82 pages, consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references from 82 titles, contains 8 figures, 4 tables, has 3 appendices. The object of research: body image and self-attitude of students. Subject of research: the relationship between the components of the body image and students' self-attitude. The study sample consists of 174 students of the Ural Federal University of Yekaterinburg (21 boys and 153 girls). The empirical study was carried out with the help of an associative experiment by A.V. Svetikova, Z. V. Borisenko to identify descriptive constructs of the body image, the methods of self-assessment of the external appearance by V. A. Labunskaya, the methods of self-attitude research to the image of the physical "I" by A. G. Cherkashina, the methods of self-attitude research by S. R. Pantileev. The first chapter discusses the theoretical aspects of the problem of body image and self-attitude. In particular, the analysis of theoretical ideas about the body image in various psychological approaches and models of this phenomenon is given, the attitude to the body as part of the self-attitude of the individual is revealed and empirical studies devoted to the peculiarities of the body image and self-attitude of students are analyzed. The second chapter is aimed at studying the body image and attitude of students. As a result of the study, the hypothesis was confirmed that there is a connection between body satisfaction and self-attitude. It was found that girls treat their bodies more positively than boys. No differences were found in the self-relationship between boys and girls. A connection was also found between the assessment of functional characteristics and the level of self-esteem, autosympathy. The conclusion is devoted to the main conclusions based on the results of the study and discussion of further prospects for the study.

No description available.