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The present study focuses on the current state and developments of social and penal policies in Ukraine. It concentrates on changes brought about in the period of social and political transition, which started when Ukraine became an independent state in 1991. In particular, this study attempts to explain the current failure of reforms as being the result of a lack of social tolerance intrinsic to state officials at all levels, a legacy of previous repressive regimes. The introduction examines the notion of tolerance as a value produced by civil society and its importance for the administration of penal policy. It is argued that the level of social tolerance is heavily influenced by the nature of social and economic relationships. The following section consists of a case study presenting the origins of Ukrainian political, economic and social institutions and the results of an analysis of official media reportage of the current transition towards a market economy - a transition which has formed the precondition for a sharply rising criminality and the corruption of the main social institutions. The third chapter begins with a brief history of the use of imprisonment during the Soviet era, describing the administrative methods of punishment embedded into the system which Ukraine inherited on independence. The next section is a study of the Ukrainian penal system in the transitional period and shows that change has been minimal in terms of ideology, penal structures and the training of personnel. It also reveals findings on the functioning of prison enterprises, which established a deficit between prison production outputs and the sale of prison products, which is theorised as being due to private profiteering by senior prison staff. Finally, the data from an empirical study of social relations in a Ukrainian penitentiary are analysed on the basis of the social tolerance concept. The culture of prison life is seen as embedded in a hierarchy of roles. For these reasons, the existing prison system fails in its aim to resocialise offenders; it fails to respect human rights; and the experience of imprisonment as an exploitative system is related to the privatisation of human resources by the prison authorities.

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Introduction: Psychological disturbances after combat and major civil accident has long been recognised, but it has become clear that more "everyday" trauma such as road traffic accidents can lead to similar problems. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the extreme of a spectrum of Post-traumatic Psychopathology (PTP), is known to influence the Metabolic Response to Trauma (MRT), and may affect physical recovery after injury. This thesis details the results of a large study of accident victims, following their physical, physiological and psychological recovery. Methods: Cohort study of 200 patients aged 16-60 y with musculoskeltal injuries. The patients completed questionnaires that examined their psychological health (GHQ), and their physical and pyschosocial health (SIP, SF-36, MFA), and trauma scores were calculated. Assessments were made on admission (<i>vice</i> health before the accident), and were repeated at two and six months. A subgroup of 82 patients also gave blood samples at each of the follow up points, and these were analysed for pro-inflammatory markers of the MRT (CRP, IL-6, soluble IL-6 receptor, and TNF-a). Results: Follow up was 79% and 75% at two and six months for the main group, and 82% and 59% respectively for the Metabolic Markers subgroup. PTP was found in 11% of patients at initial assessment, 46% at two months and 22% at six months. It was strongly related to impaired physical and psychosocial functioning There were also associations between PTP and sIL-6r and TNF-a at six months. Injury Severity Score was predictive of PTP at two and six months. Discussion: There are strong associations between psychological and physical health after musculosketal trauma. Injury Severity Score is predictive of this psychological disturbance, which is also associated with disturbance of pro-inflammatory markers. Truly holistic care of patients who have suffered musculoskeletal trauma must include management of the psychological injury as well as the more obvious physical injuries.

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Kenora, Ontario is a city with a strong industrial identity, linked specifically to forestry. Historically sawmills were situated on waterfront properties for purposes of harnessing energy and transporting logs. As technology has evolved, the proximity to water is no longer integral and industry has become less centralized in the city. This practicum explores the implications of the loss of an industrial presence, and the impact of industrial disturbance in both the urban fabric as well as the surrounding region. A design proposal for a specific site, that has been home to a sawmill for over a century, reacts to the research through the design of a large scale public landscape intended to remediate the post industrial conditions and take advantage of the strong historical past.

An experimental program was carried out to investigate the effect of post-tensioning on timber beams and the performance of timber bridge decks with post-tensioned stringers. The experimental program contains three phases. As part of the first phase, twenty shear tests were performed to determine the ultimate capacity of lag screws that could be used in the post-tensioning process. Results showed that six lag screws with a diameter of 12.7 mm were adequate for the anchorage system. The second phase included testing 22 full scale timber beams. Six beams were control without any reinforcement. The remaining sixteen beams were post-tensioned with either draped or straight carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendons (Groups CD and C) or steel cables (Groups SD with draped cables and S with straight cables).The results revealed that the strength and the stiffness for Group CD were increased on average by 70% and 10%, respectively, while the strength for Group C was increased on average by 56%. In contrast, the strength and the stiffness for Group SD were increased on average by 45% and 4%, respectively, while the strength for Group S was increased on average by 49%. The bending strength of the post-tensioned timber beams was predicted using analytical model. The third phase of the research included the construction of four timber bridge decks: control deck (BD-CO), deck with stringers post-tensioned with draped CFRP tendons (BD-DC), deck with stringers post-tensioned with draped steel tendons (BD-DS), and a deck with stringers strengthened with near-surface mounted glass fibre-reinforced polymer bars (NSM-GFRP) referred to as BD-G. Post-tensioning the stringers of BD-DS and the stringers of BD-DC increased the apparent stiffness on average by 2% and 3%, respectively. In contrast, the apparent stiffness for the stringers of BD-G increased on average by 29%. SECAN program was used to analyze the four timber bridge decks. It was found that SECAN can predict the behaviour of the timber bridge deck based on the experimental stiffness of the individual tests. Cost analysis was done for the three strengthening techniques. It was found that post-tensioning stringers with draped steel cables can be cost effective.

The study set to investigate customer care in the Mafikeng Post Office. This was achieved through the following. Highlighting any inadequacy of customer care process at Mafikeng Post Office, determining if the current customer care tools utilised are optimal or not, determining the extent at which such tools are utilised and determining where accountability lies for customer care within the organisation. The measuring instruments utilised was a questionnaire because of the descriptive nature of the study. The questionnaire was in a structured format. I 00 respondents participated in filling in the questionnaires. The findings indicated that most respondents are not satisfied with the service provided with only a few who are happy about certain elements of the questionnaire. The methodology adapted in this case was that of survey where a questionnaire was administered. The chapter which? further gave the statement of the problem and the objective of the study. In chapter two, the nature and scope of customer service was outlined from the literature consulted. The chapter defined terms like service, customer service and customer. The chapter also focused on the important things that customers loves and loathe, approaches to handling a customer especially an unhappy customer. The literature indicates that there is a need for good customer service. Customer service also requires that all the key players should get involved in. Chapter three presented research problems and posing some research questions. The questionnaire was the key instrument in the collection of data for the study. Chapter four presented the research design which incorporates the sampling design. The researchers recommends that staff need to be trained on the following: how to be friendly to customers and greet them with a smile. Greet them by name if possible as it will impress the customer to notice that staff members know them. To be polite and pleasant when talking to clients. To be trained on product knowledge as it improves competency and confidence of client in a person. Adequate training of staff is important as it ensures provision of quality service to the clients, thus reducing complaints. Even though the results of the study were not satisfactory, it is important for the management of the organisation to concentrate on those unhappy clients. / (MBA) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2006

The purpose of my Thesis is to further develop an artistic practice that involves a thoughtful, drawn out engagement with culture, utilizing immediacy, temporality and improvisation through the formal manipulation of different mediums. My research focuses on these ideas as a continual thread that runs through my work of the past twenty years and gives conceptual unity to the range of stylistic experiments that have come with my growth as an artist. The end result is collage, painting, video and installation that utilizes both the literal and parabolical tearing, cutting and pasting of elements together as analogies within a defined field. The defined field being both the formal area of the work, as well as the conceptual representation of my individual consciousness as expressed through my process. Moving between abstraction and representation allows me to sample my thoughts and present them through a methodology that is consistent with the cognitive interplay of abstract and representative thought.