Bakgrund: Muskuloskeletal smärta är vanligt förekommande bland postarbetare, ofta på grund av tunga lyft och repetitivt arbete. Tidigare forskning har främst fokuserat på att identifiera förekomsten och utbredningen av smärta bland postarbetare. Det råder dock brist på kvalitativ forskning som syftar till att förstå postarbetares upplevelser av smärta och deras erfarenheter av att hantera smärta på arbetet. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att utforska postarbetares upplevelser och erfarenheter av att arbeta med muskuloskeletal smärta. Metod: En kvalitativ design användes, där semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med fem deltagare. Urvalet av deltagare skedde genom en kombination av bekvämlighetsurval och snöbollsurval. Databearbetningen utfördes med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Deltagarna beskrev varierade upplevelser och erfarenheter av smärta på arbetet. Analysen ledde fram till tre teman och nio subteman. De teman som identifierades var: “Smärta har flera dimensioner”, “Arbetsmiljöfaktorer påverkar smärta” och “Möjliggörare för att arbeta med smärta”. Konklusion: Studien visade att muskuloskeletal smärta påverkade deltagarnas fysiska och psykiska välmående och att arbetsbelastningen var en betydande faktor bakom smärtan. Deltagarna använde strategier som pauser, stretching och massage för att hantera smärtan, men betonade även att besök hos fysioterapeut var viktigt för att kunna fortsätta arbeta. Trots att ergonomiska åtgärder ansågs viktiga för att minska smärtan, kunde hög arbetsbelastning och stress hindra implementeringen av ergonomiska åtgärder. Organisatoriskt stöd betonades som avgörande för att förbättra arbetsmiljön och minska smärta bland postarbetare. / Background: Musculoskeletal pain is common among postal workers, often due to heavy lifting and repetitive work. Previous research has focused primarily on identifying the prevalence of pain among postal workers. However, there is a lack of qualitative research aimed at understanding postal workers' experiences and management of pain at work. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore postal workers’ experiences and perceptions of working with musculoskeletal pain. Method: A qualitative design was used, where semi-structured interviews were conducted with five participants. The selection of participants took place through a combination of convenience sampling and snowball sampling. The data processing was carried out using qualitative content analysis. Results: The participants described varied experiences of pain at work. The analysis led to three themes and nine subthemes. The themes identified were: “Pain has several dimensions”, “Work environment factors affect pain” and “Facilitators for working with pain”. Conclusion: The study revealed that musculoskeletal pain affected the participants' physical and psychological well-being, and that the workload was an important factor contributing to the pain. The participants used strategies such as breaks, stretching and massage to manage the pain, but also emphasized that visits to the physiotherapist were important to be able to continue working. Although ergonomic measures were considered important to reduce pain, high workload and stress could hinder the implementation of ergonomic measures. Organizational support was emphasized as critical to improve the work environment and reduce pain among postal workers.

Este trabalho busca identificar os entraves e perplexidades jurídicas no setor postal apontará as consequências da falta de clareza legislativa, doutrinária, jurisprudencial e regulatória no setor, aprofundando-se na análise de jurisprudência, especialmente do Supremo Tribunal Federal chamando atenção para a possibilidade de serem adotadas novas soluções para resolvê-los. O trabalho estrutura-se a partir de dois eixos intimamente relacionados: a) saber o que é serviço postal, qual é sua relevância na atual conjuntura das comunicações e qual é a realidade de prestação dos serviços nesse setor, objeto dos Capítulos 1 e 2, e b) desenvolver uma discussão crítica sobre serviço (público ou não) postal e monopólio postal, objeto do Capítulo 3 e núcleo central do trabalho. Ainda que o foco desta análise não seja a discussão mais ampla sobre a importância do planejamento e dos arranjos jurídico-institucionais do setor, procurar-se-á chamar atenção para esses aspectos no âmbito do setor postal. A conclusão final da pesquisa, que confirma a hipótese central do trabalho, é a de que o regime jurídico do setor postal se constrói predominantemente a partir da atuação da ECT. O regime jurídico do setor tem sido delimitado a partir das políticas públicas voltadas à ECT, dos serviços postais por ela prestados e das decisões judiciais em que a estatal é autora ou ré, o que lhe confere um regime jurídico privilegiado e protetivo. A análise de todo esse arcabouço jurídico revela que, em grande medida, objetiva-se preservar a empresa pública ECT, em detrimento da avaliação do quadro maior do setor postal brasileiro. Esse entrave do setor leva à reflexão sobre a possibilidade de serem adotadas novas soluções para resolver os problemas setoriais, que podem abarcar desde soluções interpretativas a uma revisão do quadro normativo atualmente aplicável ao setor. / This dissertation aims to identify the legal obstacles and perplexities in the postal sector will point the consequences of the lack of clarity of the legislative, doctrinal, case law and regulatory treatment of the sector, deepening the analysis of case law, especially of the Supreme Court calling attention to the possibility of adopting new solutions to solve them. The work is structured from two closely interconnected axes: a) one, to know what is the postal service, what is its relevance in the current communications, and the reality of service provision, the subject of Chapters 1 and 2; b) two, to develop a critical discussion about postal service (public or not) and post monopoly, the subject of Chapter 3 and the central core of the work. Although the focus of this analysis does not correspond to the wider discussion about the importance of planning and of legal and institutional arrangements in the sector, this dissertation will seek to draw attention to these aspects within the postal sector. The final conclusion of the study, which confirms the central hypothesis of the work, is that the legal system of the postal sector is built predominantly from the action of ECT. The legal system has been delimited from public policies to ECT, from the postal services it provides and from judicial decisions in which the public company is either plaintiff or defendant, and which gives to ECT a privileged and protective legal system. The analysis of all this legal framework reveals that, to a great extent, the objective is to preserve the public company ECT, rather than the evaluation of the bigger picture of the postal sector in Brazil. This obstacle of the sector leads to a reflection on the possibility of adopting new solutions to solve the problems, which can range from interpretative solutions to a review of the regulatory framework currently applicable to the sector.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-12-04T13:24:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Rocha de Aguiar_.pdf: 1937778 bytes, checksum: 1fc90c40d2895375df76738cdc391205 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-04T13:24:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Rocha de Aguiar_.pdf: 1937778 bytes, checksum: 1fc90c40d2895375df76738cdc391205 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-27 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / Este trabalho objetiva analisar os possíveis cenários da indústria postal brasileira, em um horizonte até 2028, a partir dos efeitos econômicos, sociais, políticos, tecnológicos e legais decorrentes das transformações desse mercado. É fato que as empresas estão usando canais digitais para emitir contas, declarações e faturas. As pessoas agora usam redes sociais e smartphones para se comunicar com familiares e amigos. Além disso, os consumidores estão mudando gradativamente de lojas físicas para compras online. Ou seja, ambos, a substituição de correspondências físicas por mídias e o comércio eletrônico, estão em alta e resultam em desafios e oportunidades para a indústria postal, além de impulsionarem os esforços para diversificar e aumentar a eficiência e a inovação. Essas considerações motivaram o desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza exploratória, utilizando o método da análise de cenários a partir de informações fornecidas por especialistas do correio brasileiro, bem como atores do ambiente contextual em que a empresa está inserida. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, em que as informações foram apuradas mediante Análise de Conteúdo. Como resultado, foram construídos quatro cenários baseados em incertezas e tendências da indústria postal brasileira, de forma a indicar de que maneira a distribuição domiciliária pode ser adequada a essas perspectivas. Da análise dos cenários, validada por especialistas, ressalta-se que o correio brasileiro precisa de estratégias que possam preparar a organização para atravessar as diferentes situações que foram desenhadas, especialmente com a necessidade de diversificação do seu modelo de negócio, incluindo remodelagem de produtos, flexibilidade em suas atividades e inovação de suas plataformas. Do contrário, a empresa poderá se direcionar para a realidade da precarização dos serviços, que representa a baixa qualidade e a falta de eficiência operacional, forçando as premissas de privatização ou quebra de monopólio para o correio brasileiro. / This paper aims to analyze the possible scenarios of the Brazilian postal industry in a horizon up to 2028, from the economic, social, political, technological and legal effects resulting from the transformations of this market. It is a fact that companies are using digital channels to issue accounts, statements and invoices. People now use social networks and smartphones to communicate with family and friends. In addition, consumers are gradually shifting from physical stores to shopping online. In other words, both the substitution of physical correspondence by means of e-commerce and e-commerce are on the rise and result in challenges and opportunities for the postal industry, as well as boosting efforts to diversify and increase efficiency and innovation. These considerations motivated the development of a qualitative research of an exploratory nature using the Scenario Analysis method from information provided by Brazilian mail specialists as well as actors from the contextual environment in which the company is inserted. The research was performed through semi-structured interviews in which the information was cleared through Content Analysis. As a result, four scenarios were built based on the uncertainties and trends of the Brazilian postal industry in order to indicate how home delivery may be appropriate to these perspectives. From the analysis of the scenarios, validated by specialists, it is emphasized that Brazilian postal industry needs strategies that can prepare the organization to cross the different situations that were designed, especially with the need to diversify its business model, including product remodeling, flexibility in their activities and innovation of their platforms. Otherwise, the company could be directed to the reality of the precariousness of the services that represents the poor quality and lack of operational efficiency, forcing the premises of privatization or end of the postal monopoly for Brazilian postal service.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Molan Gaban.pdf: 2714425 bytes, checksum: 569822a6120b1eec4b12985febcbe9ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-02 / The paper refers to the elaboration of a hermeneutic line of investigation for the postal monopolies, aiming to demonstrate its incompatibility with the 1988 Federal Constitution, through a multidisciplinary approach grounded in the disciplines of constitutional and antitrust law. Through an optical analysis of the possible effects to society, the question of whether Brazil should maintain its legal monopoly within the postal services was discussed; more specifically, would the 1988 Constitution have approved the infraconsitutional legislation (which constitutes the legal basis for the postal monopoly in Brazil) recognizing their compatibility/harmonization with the constitutional principles of free economic enterprise and free competition, which structure the current economic order. A comparative study was developed on the US and EU experiences, which contributed to better evaluate the arguments and the grounds underlying the Brazilian postal monopoly. Therefore, good propositions emerged to improve the Brazilian model for the postal services. It was concluded that the monopoly model, used by State owned companies, is not the ideal model for the postal services. In Brazil s specific case, it is not compatible with the 1988 Federal Constitution. It would, therefore, not be possible to harmonize the previous legislation, which instituted the legal monopoly (Legal Decree n. 509/1969 and Law n. 6538/1978) / O presente trabalho refere-se à elaboração de proposta de linha hermenêutica para o monopólio postal com a finalidade de demonstrar sua incompatibilidade com a Constituição Federal de 1988, por intermédio de abordagem multidisciplinar embasada nas disciplinas do direito constitucional e do direito antitruste. Buscou-se analisar pela ótica dos efeitos à sociedade, se, de modo geral, deveria o Brasil manter o modelo de monopólio legal operado por empresa estatal (ECT) para os serviços postais. De modo particular, foi analizado se teria a Constituição de 1988 recepcionado a legislação infraconstitucional anterior (que constitui base jurídica para o monopólio postal no Brasil), reconhecendo sua compatibilidade/harmonização com os princípios constitucionais da livre iniciativa e livre concorrência que estruturam a ordem econômica vigente. Foi realizado um estudo comparado das experiências norte-americana e européia, a partir do que foi possível melhor avaliar os fundamentos econômicos e jurídicos subjacentes ao caso do monopólio postal brasileiro. A partir desse estudo, foi possível elaborar propostas positivas para aprimorar o modelo brasileiro de serviços postais. Em síntese, concluiu-se que o modelo de monopólio legal exercido por empresa estatal não é o mais indicado para os serviços postais, sendo que, no caso do Brasil, não seria compatível com a Constituição Federal de 1988, razão pela qual, não seria possível harmonizar a legislação anterior, que instituíra o monopólio legal, com a Constituição de 1988

Este trabalho busca identificar os entraves e perplexidades jurídicas no setor postal apontará as consequências da falta de clareza legislativa, doutrinária, jurisprudencial e regulatória no setor, aprofundando-se na análise de jurisprudência, especialmente do Supremo Tribunal Federal chamando atenção para a possibilidade de serem adotadas novas soluções para resolvê-los. O trabalho estrutura-se a partir de dois eixos intimamente relacionados: a) saber o que é serviço postal, qual é sua relevância na atual conjuntura das comunicações e qual é a realidade de prestação dos serviços nesse setor, objeto dos Capítulos 1 e 2, e b) desenvolver uma discussão crítica sobre serviço (público ou não) postal e monopólio postal, objeto do Capítulo 3 e núcleo central do trabalho. Ainda que o foco desta análise não seja a discussão mais ampla sobre a importância do planejamento e dos arranjos jurídico-institucionais do setor, procurar-se-á chamar atenção para esses aspectos no âmbito do setor postal. A conclusão final da pesquisa, que confirma a hipótese central do trabalho, é a de que o regime jurídico do setor postal se constrói predominantemente a partir da atuação da ECT. O regime jurídico do setor tem sido delimitado a partir das políticas públicas voltadas à ECT, dos serviços postais por ela prestados e das decisões judiciais em que a estatal é autora ou ré, o que lhe confere um regime jurídico privilegiado e protetivo. A análise de todo esse arcabouço jurídico revela que, em grande medida, objetiva-se preservar a empresa pública ECT, em detrimento da avaliação do quadro maior do setor postal brasileiro. Esse entrave do setor leva à reflexão sobre a possibilidade de serem adotadas novas soluções para resolver os problemas setoriais, que podem abarcar desde soluções interpretativas a uma revisão do quadro normativo atualmente aplicável ao setor. / This dissertation aims to identify the legal obstacles and perplexities in the postal sector will point the consequences of the lack of clarity of the legislative, doctrinal, case law and regulatory treatment of the sector, deepening the analysis of case law, especially of the Supreme Court calling attention to the possibility of adopting new solutions to solve them. The work is structured from two closely interconnected axes: a) one, to know what is the postal service, what is its relevance in the current communications, and the reality of service provision, the subject of Chapters 1 and 2; b) two, to develop a critical discussion about postal service (public or not) and post monopoly, the subject of Chapter 3 and the central core of the work. Although the focus of this analysis does not correspond to the wider discussion about the importance of planning and of legal and institutional arrangements in the sector, this dissertation will seek to draw attention to these aspects within the postal sector. The final conclusion of the study, which confirms the central hypothesis of the work, is that the legal system of the postal sector is built predominantly from the action of ECT. The legal system has been delimited from public policies to ECT, from the postal services it provides and from judicial decisions in which the public company is either plaintiff or defendant, and which gives to ECT a privileged and protective legal system. The analysis of all this legal framework reveals that, to a great extent, the objective is to preserve the public company ECT, rather than the evaluation of the bigger picture of the postal sector in Brazil. This obstacle of the sector leads to a reflection on the possibility of adopting new solutions to solve the problems, which can range from interpretative solutions to a review of the regulatory framework currently applicable to the sector.

High-profile instances of workplace violence and increased pressure from competitors have threatened the viability of one of the nation's largest employers, the United States Postal Service (USPS). As a result, the USPS began a massive change effort in the early 1990's. One of the initiatives implemented to improve labor-management relations was a derivative of the self-managed work team known as the crew chief program. This study provides a mixed-methods and multi-level approach to understand the impact this unique program had on organizational attitudes. The first aim of this study was to investigate whether the crew chief program reduced employees' stress and strain and improved job and supervisory satisfaction and company and union commitment, while controlling for the nesting of employees within sites and employee demographic characteristics. The second aim was to replicate and extend the stressor-strain-outcome (SSO) model of stress and to determine whether employee perceptions of crew chief support moderated the relationships between stressors, strain, and outcomes. I evaluated Aim 1 using data from 177 mail processors from 27 units matched from baseline to one-year follow-up with hierarchical linear modeling. This was followed up with an implementation analysis of qualitative data to determine the extent to which the program was implemented compared to the original design. I evaluated Aim 2 using structural equation modeling from 538 mail processors who participated at follow-up. There was little quantitative support for Aim 1. However, the results of the implementation analysis suggested that the crew chief program was not functioning as conceived. Aim 2 received strong support, with almost all of the main effects of the SSO model replicated. However, there was no support for the moderator effects. Additionally, I found role ambiguity to have direct relationships with other organizational outcomes beyond the indirect effects via strain and that crew chief support was strongly related to stressors and outcomes. These findings reinforce the notion that employing both quantitative and qualitative methods can dramatically improve the quality of organizational research. Based on these findings, I describe several suggestions for improvements to this specific program and for improving future initiatives aimed at enhancing labor-management relations.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Masters Degree In Management Sciences Business Administration, Department of Entrepreneurial Studies and Management, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016. / The retail industry is arguably one the most prosperous sectors in the global economy. Retail’s importance lies in the fact that it serves as an intermediary between producers and consumers. Given its significance in the everyday lives of people in communities and its role in national economies, the industry operates under extensive competition driven by growth in Information Technology which has dramatically changed the consumption patterns and buying behavior of consumers today. The changes are greatly influenced by different economic factors that impose change in the industry and impact on the bottom line of businesses. Thus, retailers are constantly realigning their businesses in ways that ensure that old customers are kept and new ones are sourced. It is from the foregoing that this study sets out to investigate the influence of transformation on the financial performance of the operational level of retail businesses: A case study. Using a quantitative research method, the study focused on 101 middle level branch managers of The South African Post Office obtained through the simple random technique. The questionnaires were administered to the branch managers and the data obtained was analysed using SPSS software. Findings from the study revealed that the overall business transformation has a positive impact on the financial performance of businesses. The results further revealed that continuous communication with regards to transformation inspires confidence among employees, thereby leading to productivity and the achievement of organisational goals and objectives. Findings also suggest that productive employees contribute positively to the financial performance of the business. The study recommends that retail businesses should consider overall business transformation in terms of structural design change, Information Technology, products and services and employee motivation to keep business relevant in the ever-changing global economy. / M

<p>U doktorskoj disertaciji rešavaju se sledeći problemi: problem opisivanja sistema masovnog opsluživanja kada teorija masovnog opsluživanja nailazi na ograničenja primene, problem predviđanja vremena čekanja, problem modelovanja odnosa na tržištu ekspres usluga kao izvora uticaja na redove čekanja, problem upravljanja brojem aktivnih kanala sistema masovnog opsluživanja i problem uticaja na subjektivno vreme čekanja. Primenom elemenata veštačke inteligencije i statističkih metoda razvijen je model za predviđanje parametra vremena čekanja u realnom vremenu pri jedinicama poštanske mreže za pružanje usluga korisnicima.</p> / <p>The dissertation provides answers to the following issues: the problem of describing the queueing system when the queueing theory encounters limitations in its use, predicting the waiting time, the problem of modeling relations in the market of express services as a source of influence on the queues, managing the number of active channels in the queueing systems and the impact on subjective waiting time. Through application of artificial intelligence and statistical methods, a model has been developed which in real time predicts the parameters of waiting time at the units of postal network that provide service to customers.</p>

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No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_MariaClaraMorgulis_20150223_completa.pdf: 2214079 bytes, checksum: c5a4b7674307b299e9c2858b6b69147b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02 / Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o comportamento da Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos (ECT) no âmbito judicial diante de seus concorrentes e os clientes destes, buscando verificar se há evidências de que a empresa estaria praticando um ilícito concorrencial e utilizando o judiciário para prejudicar concorrentes no mercado e dificultar a entrada de novos agentes (ou seja, se haveria litigância predatória pelos Correios), mediante a criação de novos custos aos seus rivais e, assim, prejudicando a competição no setor postal. No âmbito jurídico, há pouca clareza quanto à extensão do monopólio postal e verifica-se, uma carência de política pública para o setor. Para realizar o estudo, foi analisado o contexto no qual se insere a conduta da ECT e foi elaborada uma base de dados a partir da análise de processos judiciais movidos pela ECT. Na análise empírica dos dados coletados, buscou-se avaliar como a decisão do STF sobre a existência e validade de uma exclusividade da ECT na prestação de certos serviços postais, tais quais definidos por lei, afetou a probabilidade de uma decisão final em 1ª instância ser favorável aos Correios. Os resultados indicaram que tal probabilidade é significativamente menor após a decisão do STF em 2009, o que serve de evidência de que a ECT vinha extrapolando seus direitos nos pedidos realizados judicialmente. Apesar de o contexto no qual a conduta se insere, especialmente quanto aos custos de litigar, indicarem racionalidade na conduta e de a análise empírica ir no mesmo sentido, as evidências não são fortes o suficiente para se concluir que a ECT praticou litigância predatória. / The purpose of this study is to analyze the behavior of the Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos (Brazilian Post and Telegraph Company - ECT) before its competitors and related customers, seeking to verify if there is evidence that the company would be practicing an antitrust illicit by using the judiciary to harm competitors in the market and hinder the entry of new players (ie, if ECT was practicing predatory litigation). Through the filing of lawsuits, ECT would be creating new costs to its rivals, which were superior to those supported by itself when adopting such strategy and thus damaging competition in the postal sector. However, in the juridical sphere there is an uncertainty regarding the extension of the postal monopoly, in spite of the decision by the Supreme Court (STF) on a claim of breach of fundamental precept (Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental - ADPF) about this subject on late 2009. There is also a need for public policy on the postal sector. In order to do the study, the context of ECT’s behavior was analyzed, as well as a data base was created from the analysis of claims filed by ECT against its rivals and their clients to end any sort of mail delivery by companies other than ECT. The empirical analysis of the collected data aimed at checking how the Supreme Court’s decision affirming the existence and validity of an exclusivity right of ECT on rendering certain services affected the probability of a lower court deciding in favor of ECT. The results indicate that said probability is significantly lower after the Supreme Court’s decision in 2009, which serves as evidence that ECT had been extrapolating its rights when making its claims. Although the context in which the behavior takes place (especially as to litigation costs) indicates rationality in the ECT enduring predatory litigation, as does the empirical analysis, the evidence is not strong enough to conclude that ECT has actually practiced predatory litigation.