Abstracts: The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy and cost between intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with intramuscular (IM) analgesics for women in the first two days after surgery. The study included 200 patients who were assigned to receive PCA or intramuscular injections opioid during a period of 2 days after surgery. The PCA group included 124 patients and IM group had 76 patients. The data were collected using a structured questionnaires, patient chart review and hospital charge data. The several findings were observed in this study. 1. The pain level in the PCA group was significantly lower than in the IM group (P< 0.01). The PCA group had significantly greater satisfaction with pain control than those in IM group (p< 0.01). The influence of activity by pain in the IM group had significantly greater than those in PCA group (p< 0.05). 2. The incidence of skin itching in PCA group was significantly higher than in the IM group ¡]P< 0.01¡^.3. Cost per patient was higher for PCA group¡]NT$ 420.9¡Ó22.6¡^than IM group¡]NT$228.4¡Ó60.1¡^. In conclusion, PCA produced better pain relief, get better patient¡¦s satisfaction than conventional on-demand IM opioid injections but it was more expensive.

In der prospektiven Untersuchung bekommen 50 Patienten ein intraoperativ inseriertes ON-Q® PainBuster® Kathetersystem. Patienten der Verumgruppe erhalten über 72 Stunden postoperativ Ropivacain 0,375 % über das lokale Wundkathetersystem mit einer Flussrate von 5 ml/h, Patienten der Placebogruppe zum Vergleich Natriumchloridlösung 0,9 %. Als Basisanalgesie werden alle Patienten mittels eines oralen Nicht-opioid Analgetikum und intravenösem Piritramid therapiert. Im postoperativen Verlauf von 5 Tagen werden die visuell analoge Schmerzskala bei unterschiedlichen Aktivitäten und der Bedarf von intravenös applizierten Piritramid über die PCA-Pumpe als Ergebnisse evaluiert. Diese Ergebnisse werden mit den aktuellen Analagesieverfahren im Rahmen der Thorax- und Kardiochirurgie verglichen und diskutiert. Mögliche Alternativen werden abschließend aufgezeigt.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive alternative to open hip surgery. Despite its minimally invasive nature, there can still be significant reported pain following these procedures. The impact of combined sciatic and lumbar plexus nerve blocks on postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy was investigated. A retrospective analysis of 176 patients revealed that compared with patients with no preoperative peripheral nerve block, significant reductions in pain scores to 24 hours were reported and decreased opioid consumption during the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay was recorded; no significant differences in opioid consumption out to 24 hours were discovered. A subgroup analysis comparing two approaches to the sciatic nerve block in patients receiving the additional lumbar plexus nerve block failed to reveal a significant difference for this patient population. We conclude that peripheral nerve blockade can be a useful analgesic modality for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy.

No description available.

Le traitement de la douleur après chirurgie cardiaque avec sternotomie reste à ce jour un défi pour le clinicien. Chez ces patients à risque, une prise en charge non adaptée de la douleur peut altérer la réhabilitation postopératoire et majorer les complications métaboliques, immunologiques, cardiovasculaires, respiratoires, ou psychiques de la chirurgie. L’objectif de ce travail de recherche clinique en chirurgie cardiaque était : 1) d’évaluer les effets analgésiques d’une anesthésie locorégionale continue par un bloc bi-latéro-sternal (bloc BLS) par perfusion continue de ropivacaïne,2) d’évaluer l’effet du bloc BLS sur la durée de séjour en réanimation et morbidité postopératoire, chez les patients présentant un risque respiratoire accru, 3) d’évaluer l’effet analgésique d’un antiinflammatoire non stéroïdien (AINS) de référence, le kétoprofène, à une posologie conventionnelle et des posologies réduites. Les deux techniques étaient appliquées pendant les 48 heures suivant la chirurgie cardiaque.Testé (contre placebo) sur une population standard, le bloc BLS continu diminue de 41% la douleur à la mobilisation (dynamique), diminue la douleur au repos et la consommation de morphine (d’environ 40%). Il permet une reprise plus précoce de l’alimentation et du traitement per os, une mobilisation plus précoce et une plus grande satisfaction des patients. En revanche, il ne permet pas une amélioration des paramètres respiratoires (spirométrie et gaz du sang artériel). Testé (contre une prise en charge standard) sur une population à risque respiratoire accru, contrairement aux attentes, il ne réduit pas la durée de séjour en réanimation et à l’hôpital, mais il a des effets bénéfiques sur la douleur dynamique, la satisfaction des patients, l’incidence de nausées/vomissements et de troubles neurologiques de type confusionnel. Un bénéfice en termes médico-économique est suggéré par une analyse secondaire. Testé (contre placebo) sur une population à faible risque, l’utilisation du kétoprofène en plein dose permet de réduire la douleur dynamique et au repos, sans augmentation des effets indésirables rénaux et hémorragiques, habituellement craints avec les AINS. Bien que les arguments manquent pour pouvoir utiliser des posologies réduites, le kétoprofène peut néanmoins être conseillé chez ce type de patients, alors qu’il est à ce jour insuffisamment prescrit. L’étude de protocoles d’administration utilisant des posologies réduites potentialisées par une dose de charge est suggérée. / The treatment of pain after cardiac surgery with sternotomy remains to this day a challenge for the clinician. In these frail patients, non-appropriated pain treatment can alter the postoperative rehabilitation and increase metabolic, immunologic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and psychological postoperative complications. The goal of this clinical research was to evaluate:- the analgesic effects of bi-latero-sternal (BLS) block by a continuous infusion of ropivacaine, - the effect of the BLS block on the length of stay in intensive care and postoperative morbidity in patients with increased respiratory risk,- evaluate the analgesic effect of ketoprofen, the standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), at a conventional and reduced dosages.The two techniques were applied during the 48 hours following cardiac surgery.Tested (against placebo) on a standard population, the BLS continuous block decreased pain at mobilisation (dynamic pain) by 41%, decreased pain at rest, and morphine consumption (by 40%). It allowed an earlier postoperative first dietary and oral medication intake, earlier mobilisation and a greater patients’ satisfaction. On the other hand, it did not show any significant improvement of respiratory parameters (spirometry and arterial blood gases).Tested against a standard treatment in patients with increased respiratory risk, the BLS block did not reduce the length of stay in intensive care and in hospital, but it had beneficial effects on dynamic pain, patients’ satisfaction, the incidence of nausea/vomiting and of postoperative delirium. A benefit in economics terms is suggested by a secondary analysis.Tested against placebo in a low-risk population, the use of ketoprofen in full dose regimen, reduced pain at mobilisation and at rest, without increasing renal adverse effects or bleeding (as it could be feared with NSAIDs). We missed to demonstrate the ketoprofen efficacy at reduced doses. Ketoprofen may be recommended on a low-risk population, while it is insufficiently prescribed so far. The study of protocols using a reduced dosage potentiated by a loading dose is suggested.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-12-10T08:13:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jaqueline Andrade Ribeiro da Silva - 2015.pdf: 2794453 bytes, checksum: 2542dd17b29db760b73cc18f188703fd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-12-10T08:14:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jaqueline Andrade Ribeiro da Silva - 2015.pdf: 2794453 bytes, checksum: 2542dd17b29db760b73cc18f188703fd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T08:14:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jaqueline Andrade Ribeiro da Silva - 2015.pdf: 2794453 bytes, checksum: 2542dd17b29db760b73cc18f188703fd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-29 / This study evaluated the analgesic effects of ketamine administered by three intravenous continuous infusionprotocols (IC) in bitches undergoing mastectomy. Twenty-five bitches were distributedrandomly in three groups: intraoperative continuous infusion group (CONTROL, n=8), receiving the IC only during the intraoperative period; 12-hour continuous infusion group (IC12, n=8), receiving the IC during the intraoperative period and for 12 hours after surgery; and 24-hour continuous infusion group (IC24, n=8), receiving the IC during the intraoperative period and for 24 hours after the surgery. Cardiorespiratory evaluations were performed during the perioperative period, and two researchers evaluated the postoperative analgesia by the interactive visual analog scale (VASi) and by the Short form of Glasgow composite pain scale (GCPS-SC), 10 minutes and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18 and 24 hours after extubation. Owners evaluated their dogs using a questionnaire adapted from the "Helsinki Chronic Pain Index" on the 4th and 10th daysafter the surgical procedure. Pain scores and postoperative opioid requirements did not differ among groups. Rescue analgesia was administered to 7/8, 7/8 e 6/8 bitches in CONTROL, IC12 and IC24 groups, respectively. The main adverse effects observed were tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension and excitement. According to the owners’ criteria, the animals of IC12 and IC24 groups had lower pain scores on the 4th and 10th days after the surgical procedure. We concluded that, although some mild adverse effects could occur, IC of ketamine is an effective and safe analgesic adjuvant in the early postoperative period. However, the main benefit of the prolonged Ketamine IC is probably related to the best quality of life andrecovery in the last postoperative period. / Neste estudo foi avaliada a eficácia analgésica da cetamina, administrada em três diferentes regimes de infusão intravenosa contínua (IC), em cadelas submetidas a mastectomia unilateral. Foram incluídas no estudo 24 cadelas, distribuídas em três grupos denominados: grupo infusão contínua transoperatória (CONTROLE, n=8), nas quais a IC da cetamina foi administrada somente durante o período transoperatório; grupo infusão contínua de 12 horas (IC12, n=8), as quais receberam a IC durante o período transoperatório e 12 horas após o término da cirurgia; e grupo infusão contínua de 24 horas (IC24, n=8), as quais receberam a IC durante o período transoperatório e 24 horas após o término da cirurgia. Os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios foram avaliados durante o período perioperatório e aanalgesia pós-operatória foi avaliada de acordo com as escalas análoga visual interativa (VASi) eComposta de Glasgow(GCPS-SC). As avaliações foram realizadaspor dois pesquisadores 10 minutos, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18 e 24 horas pós-extubação.Os proprietários avaliaram seus animais por meiodo―Helsinki Chronic Pain Index‖ no 4º e no 10º diasapós o procedimento cirúrgico. Os escores de dor e o requerimento de morfina no período pós-operatório não diferiram estaticamente entre os grupos. O resgate analgésico foi administrado em 7/8, 7/8 e 6/8 animais nos grupos CONTROLE, IC12 e IC24, respectivamente. Os principais efeitos adversos da IC de cetamina observados foram taquipnéia e hipertensão. Na avaliação dos proprietários os grupos IC12 e IC24 tiveram menores escores de dor no quarto e no décimo dia de pós-operatório. Concluiu-se que, apesar de poder ocasionar efeitos adversos discretos, a IC de cetamina é eficaz como adjuvante no fornecimento de analgesia no período pós-operatório imediato, maso principal benefício de seu uso provavelmente esteja relacionado com melhor recuperação e qualidade de vida no período pós-operatório tardio.

In der prospektiven Untersuchung bekommen 50 Patienten ein intraoperativ inseriertes ON-Q® PainBuster® Kathetersystem. Patienten der Verumgruppe erhalten über 72 Stunden postoperativ Ropivacain 0,375 % über das lokale Wundkathetersystem mit einer Flussrate von 5 ml/h, Patienten der Placebogruppe zum Vergleich Natriumchloridlösung 0,9 %. Als Basisanalgesie werden alle Patienten mittels eines oralen Nicht-opioid Analgetikum und intravenösem Piritramid therapiert. Im postoperativen Verlauf von 5 Tagen werden die visuell analoge Schmerzskala bei unterschiedlichen Aktivitäten und der Bedarf von intravenös applizierten Piritramid über die PCA-Pumpe als Ergebnisse evaluiert. Diese Ergebnisse werden mit den aktuellen Analagesieverfahren im Rahmen der Thorax- und Kardiochirurgie verglichen und diskutiert. Mögliche Alternativen werden abschließend aufgezeigt.:BIBLIOGRAPHISCHE BESCHREIBUNG 4 ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS 5 1. DIE EINLEITUNG 7 1.1. DAS FAST-TRACK-THERAPIEKONZEPT 7 1.2. DAS POSTOPERATIVES SCHMERZMANAGEMENT 7 1.3. DIE ZIELSETZUNG DER ARBEIT 9 2. DAS MATERIAL UND DIE METHODEN 10 2.1 DAS STUDIENDESIGN 10 2.2 DAS NARKOSEVERFAHREN 10 2.3 DAS ON-Q® PAINBUSTER® KATHETERSYSTEM 13 2.4 DIE LABORANALYSEVERFAHREN 14 2.5 DIE STATISTISCHE AUSWERTUNG 14 3. DIE ERGEBNISSE 15 3.1. DAS PATIENTENKOLLEKTIV 15 3.2. DIE SCHMERZSCORE-ERGEBNISSE 16 3.3. DIE ERGEBNISSE DES PIRITRAMIDBEDARFES 20 3.4. DIE ERGEBNISSE DER ANGEFORDERTEN ZUSATZMEDIKATIONEN 21 3.5. DIE ERGEBNISSE DES ALPHA-1-SAURE-GLYKOPROTEINS UND DER ROPIVACAINSERUMSPIEGEL22 4. DIE DISKUSSION 23 4.1. DIE METHODENKRITIK 23 4.1.1 DAS STUDIENKONZEPT 23 4.1.2 DIE STICHPROBENMENGE UND DIE AUSFALLQUOTEN 23 4.1.3 DIE STATISTISCHE AUSWERTUNG 24 4.1.4 DIE KATHETERLAGE 25 4.1.5 DAS LOKALANÄSTHETIKUM ROPIVACAIN 26 4.1.6 DIE ZUSATZANALGETIKA 26 4.2. DIE ERGEBNISKRITIK 27 4.2.1 URSACHEN FEHLENDER WIRKSAMKEIT 27 4.2.2 DIE ROPIVACAINPLASMAKONZENTRATIONEN 30 4.3. VERGLEICH DER ERGEBNISSE MIT DER LITERATUR 31 4.3.1 DIE FAST-TRACK-KARDIOANÄSTHESIE 31 4.3.2 DAS PERIOPERATIVE SCHMERZMANAGEMENT 32 4.3.2.1 Die rückenmarksnahen Verfahren 33 4.3.2.2 Die peripheren Katheterverfahren 35 4.3.2.2 Die parenterale Opioidapplikation 38 4.3.2.4 Die orale Nicht-Opioidgabe 38 4.4. DIE FALSIFIZIERUNG DER ARBEITSHYPOTHESE 39 4.5. DER AUSBLICK 39 5. DIE ZUSAMMENFASSUNG UND DAS FAZIT 41 3 ANLAGEN 43 LITERATURVERZEICHNIS 44 ABBILDUNGS- UND TABELLENVERZEICHNIS 55 ERKLÄRUNG ÜBER DIE EIGENSTÄNDIGE ABFASSUNG DER ARBEIT 56 LEBENSLAUF 57 DANKSAGUNG 58

Epidural analgesia causes a temporary cessation of nerve conduction via administration of low concentration of local anaesthesia, or opioid, into epidural space. The resulting temporary discontinuation of nerve conduction is called central neuroaxial anaesthesia and it facilitates the process of surgical intervention. An epidural catheter is usually inserted during epidural desensitisation. It helps to control the amount of administered anaesthesia and hence to respond to surgery progress, but it also enables to keep the catheter within the epidural space for the following postoperative analgesia, which will promote timely postoperative rehabilitation and pain management.The research project was conducted on basis of quantitative and qualitative investigation. The quantitative research was performed via questionnaires directed at the nursing staff, and the qualitative research took form of semi-structured interviews with patients. The quantitative investigation was conducted in fourteen health care facilities in the Czech Republic. Respondents of the quantitative research were nurses working in orthopaedic departments, multidisciplinary ICU or ARO (Anaesthesiology Resuscitation Dept.), who provided care to patients after TKR or THR with an epidural catheter insitu. Qualitative research respondents were patients hospitalised in orthopaedic departments for TKR or THR, with epidural catheter insitu and who agreed to participate at the interview. Quantitative research data were processed in Excel 2010 and presented in graphs, frequency and contingency tables, whereas the qualitative research data were processed using charts of the Smart Art program. After the agreement with the management of health care facilities, this dissertation will promote education and aid situation improvement. The Standard of Nursing Care Assisting a Patient with Epidural Catheter during Insertion and Care will be an outcome of this project. Moreover, we will design a patient information booklet and a quality of care indicator that will focus on monitoring of complications occurrence such as infections in patients with epidural catheter. The findings may help to design a training course specialised in nursing care provision to those patients and also to provide basis for further research.