Potgietersrus is one of the oldest towns in the Transvaal and at present no scientific study on the history of the town exists. It was therefore the aim of this study to obtain as much information as possible on the cultural and socio-economic lifestyle of the pioneers and to describe the events surrounding the foundation and establishment of the early white settlements in the Makapanspoort within a broader Transvaal milieu. Mutual differences between white and white and white and black led to the decision to found a town in the Makapanspoort but before the actual establishment could take place 28 whites were murdered in the Makapanspoort by the Ndebele. The founding of Potgietersrus is actually intertwined with the murders of 1854, the siege of Makapan's caves, the death of Piet Potgieter and the decision to name the proposed town Pieterpotgietersrust. The establishment of Potgietersrus as a town was gradual. Six years passed after the decision to found a town in the Makapanspoort (1852) and the actual occupation of Pieterpotgietersrust in 1859 because the Langa of Mankopane were only subjugated by the whites after various campaigns. The expected peace did not materialize and before the town could be permanently established it was burnt down by die Langa (1867) and in 1870 completely evacuated as a result of a serious malaria epidemic. After the evacuation of the town there was as period during which its history is obscure until the re-establishment of the town in 1890, that was followed by systematic development. The founding of Potgietersrus was finalized with the allotment of stands (1891-1894) and the provision of specific public services. Potgietersrus was still sparesely populated till late in the twentieth century. The hostile and aggressive attitude of the surrounding blacks; the unsuccessful attempts to subjugate the blacks to the ZAR; the regular threat of malaria, which strengthened the opinion that the area was more suitable for hunting, were possibly the most important factors which led to the drawn out establishment phase and also the slow growth of the town. In addition, the ruling social conditions, long distances and lack of efficient transport, and a self-providing economic system helped to slow down the establishment and occupation of Potgietersrus so that only minor signs of town development were discernible. Only after 1904 did actual town development start after the village council started paying attention to domestic matters in a more organized way. The general lifestyle of the inhabitants was poor. Church and spiritual work was made more difficult by die extended areas and formal school education only really began toward the end of the nineteenth century. In spite of this the people did grow spiritually. Hard work, perseverance and faith contributed to the establishment and development of Potgietersrus. / Thesis (MA)--PU vir CHO, 1990

Potgietersrus is one of the oldest towns in the Transvaal and at present no scientific study on the history of the town exists. It was therefore the aim of this study to obtain as much information as possible on the cultural and socio-economic lifestyle of the pioneers and to describe the events surrounding the foundation and establishment of the early white settlements in the Makapanspoort within a broader Transvaal milieu. Mutual differences between white and white and white and black led to the decision to found a town in the Makapanspoort but before the actual establishment could take place 28 whites were murdered in the Makapanspoort by the Ndebele. The founding of Potgietersrus is actually intertwined with the murders of 1854, the siege of Makapan's caves, the death of Piet Potgieter and the decision to name the proposed town Pieterpotgietersrust. The establishment of Potgietersrus as a town was gradual. Six years passed after the decision to found a town in the Makapanspoort (1852) and the actual occupation of Pieterpotgietersrust in 1859 because the Langa of Mankopane were only subjugated by the whites after various campaigns. The expected peace did not materialize and before the town could be permanently established it was burnt down by die Langa (1867) and in 1870 completely evacuated as a result of a serious malaria epidemic. After the evacuation of the town there was as period during which its history is obscure until the re-establishment of the town in 1890, that was followed by systematic development. The founding of Potgietersrus was finalized with the allotment of stands (1891-1894) and the provision of specific public services. Potgietersrus was still sparesely populated till late in the twentieth century. The hostile and aggressive attitude of the surrounding blacks; the unsuccessful attempts to subjugate the blacks to the ZAR; the regular threat of malaria, which strengthened the opinion that the area was more suitable for hunting, were possibly the most important factors which led to the drawn out establishment phase and also the slow growth of the town. In addition, the ruling social conditions, long distances and lack of efficient transport, and a self-providing economic system helped to slow down the establishment and occupation of Potgietersrus so that only minor signs of town development were discernible. Only after 1904 did actual town development start after the village council started paying attention to domestic matters in a more organized way. The general lifestyle of the inhabitants was poor. Church and spiritual work was made more difficult by die extended areas and formal school education only really began toward the end of the nineteenth century. In spite of this the people did grow spiritually. Hard work, perseverance and faith contributed to the establishment and development of Potgietersrus. / Thesis (MA)--PU vir CHO, 1990

A sequence of 3250 m of the Rustenburg Layered Suite and its associated mineralization south of Potgietersrus was investigated. Four episodes of faulting have deformed the area. This resulted in very early differentiates, not seen elsewhere in the Bushveld Complex, to outcrop together with economic concentrations of the best metallurgical grade chromite presently being mined in the Republic. The Mg:Fe:Ca ratio of theCa-poor pyroxenes varies from 89,5:8,8:1,6 in the lower zone to 44,2:52,3:3,37 in the upper zone. The latter composition demarcates the Fe-rich end of the two pyroxene limit. Textural evidence implies that there is a peritectic reaction between the ironrich Ca-poor pyroxene and the melt and that this may account for the termination of the two pyroxene field. A significantly higher mean Ko~~~F~p; for the study area (0,822) than for the other sectors of the Bushveld Complex (0,782) suggests that the pyroxenes of similar composition crystallized at higher temperatures in the Potgietersrus limb. Examination of the Al :Si ratio in Ca-rich pyroxenes from a variety of magmatic environments confirms that this variable can be used to monitor relative changes in the a ~~~t. Chemical data of the Ca-rich pyroxenes suggest that this phase define~ an Fe enrichment - Ca depletion trend during differentiation uhlike that for most other tholeiitic intrusions. The V205 content of the main magnetitite layer and the cr203 and the Cr/Fe2++Fe3+ values in the upper and lower chromitite layers in the study area are the highest encountered in the Bushveld Complex. Textural evidence in these layers show that they have been up-graded to dense monomineralic layers by postcumulus sintering. Calculated intensive parameters for the Potgietersrus magma suggest that it crystallized over a temperature interval from 1276°C in the lower zone to 1022°C in the basal portion of the upper zone. Oxygen fugacity conditions for the lower zone ranged from 10-6,21 to 10-4,98 atm whereas lower values of 1o-11 to 1o-9 atm were operative in the upper zone. The study area contains abundant concentrations of sulfides at several levels in the sequence. The separation of the sulfide liquid is related in most cases to new influxes of metal-rich magma and mixing with the residual magma in the chamber. Several definite sulfide facies occur in the layered sequence. Sulfur isotope investigations indicate that all the sulfur in the study area is mantle derived and that the isotopic composition of the sulfur was controlled by the prevailing fo2, which in turn controlled the partitioning of S02 and HzS between sulfide melt and magma. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 1983. / gm2014 / Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering / Unrestricted

Abstracts in English, Sotho and Afrikaans / The impact of Information and Communication Technologies on all spheres of life, whether it is for educational, corporate, government or social purposes is undeniable. From an educational point of view, the South African Department of Basic Education acknowledged the impact that ICT has on teaching and learning in the classroom by introducing ICT in the education system. However, ICT integration in South African schools is still in its infancy especially in most rural schools. The phenomenological, qualitative research study employed a case study as its research design, employing the connectivism theory as the theoretical framework. The theory that underpinned this study was the connectivism theory. The research was performed with a sample of six purposively selected teacher-participants. Semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation were the methods of data collection. The aim of conducting the semi-structured interviews was to determine the teachers’ perception on the integration of ICT as a tool to enhance teaching and learning. The non-participant observation assisted in corroborating the data collected from the interviews. The research data collected were studied, analysed, explained and validated. The findings indicated that the integration of ICT is still at its infancy and though the teachers viewed ICT as a valuable tool to enhance teaching and learning, they emphasised the enormous work that needs to be done by the Department of Basic Education in ensuring the full integration of ICT in the schools. Findings of the study highlighted the challenges that teacher’s experience that hindered the proper integration of ICT in schools. The study recommends that the Department of Basic Education provides adequate ICT tools in all the public schools, ensures that the teachers receive proper ICT training, continuous support and the regular update and maintenance of ICT tools as well as the regulation of ICT policy as a guide to teaching and learning in the schools. / Seabe sa Ditheknolotši tša Tshedimošo le Dikgokagano go makala ka moka a bophelo, se ka be se le go thuto, go khamphani, go mmušo goba mabakeng a leago se ka se ganetšwe. Go ya ka maikutlo a tša thuto Kgoro ya Thuto ya Motheo ya Afrika Borwa e amogetše seabe seo Theknolotši ya Tshedimošo le Dikgokagano (ICT) e nago le sona go go ruta le go ithuta ka phapošing ya thuto ka go tsebagatša ya ICT ka lenaneong la thuto. Le ge go le bjale, kopanyo ya ICT ka dikolong tša Afrika Borwa e sa le mathomong kudukudu ka dikolong tše ntši tša magaeng. Dinyakišišo tše tša maitemogelo le tša boleng di šomišitše dinyakišišo tša seemo bjalo ka tlhamo ya tšona ya go dira dinyakišišo, ka go šomiša teori ya thuto ya kgokagano ka inthanete bjalo ka tlhako ya teori. Teori yeo e thekgilego dinyakišišo tše e bile teori ya thuto ya kgokagano ka inthanete. Teori ye e phethagaditšwe ka sampole ya barutiši ba tshela bao ba kgethilwego go kgatha tema ka maikemišetšo. Dipotšišo tša dipoledišano tšeo di bego di nyaka gore baarabi ba fahlele ka mabaka le temogo ka bao ba sa kgathego tema di ile tša šomišwa bjalo ka mekgwa ya go kgoboketša tshedimošo. Maikemišetšo a go diriša dipotšišo tša dipoledišano tšeo di bego di nyaka gore baarabi ba fahlele ka mabaka ebile go tseba maikutlo a barutiši mabapi le kopanyo ya ICT bjalo ka setlabelo sa go thuša go ruta le go ithuta. Temogo ka bao ba sa kgathego tema go thušitše go kopanya tshedimošo yeo e kgobokeditšwego ka dipoledišanong. Tshedimošo ya dinyakišišo yeo e kgobokeditšwego e ile ya lekodišišwa, ya sekasekwa, ya hlalošwa le go tiišeletšwa. Dikutollo di laeditše gore kopanyo ya ICT ka dikolong e sa thoma gomme le ge e le gore barutiši ba bona ICT bjalo ka setlabelo se bohlokwa sa go thuša go ruta le go ithuta, ba gateletše taba ya mošomo o montši wo o swanetšego go dirwa ke Kgoro ya Thuto ya Motheo go netefatša gore go ba le kopanyo ka botlalo ya ICT ka dikolong. Dikutollo tša dinyakišišo di laeditše dithohlo tšeo baithuti ba itemogelago tšona tšeo di šitišitšego kopanyo ya maleba ya ICT ka dikolong. Dinyakišišo di šišinya gore Kgoro ya Thuto ya Motheo e fane ka ditlabelo tša maleba tša ICT ka dikolong tša mmušo ka moka, e netefatše gore barutiši ba hwetša tlhahlo ya maleba ya ICT le thekgo ye e tšwelago pele, le gore ditlabelo tša ICT di fele di mpshafatšwa kgafetšakgafetša le go hlokomelwa. Godimo ga fao, gore melawana ya ICT bjalo ka tlhahlo ya go ruta le go ithuta ka dikolong e laolwe. / Ons kan nie die invloed van Inligtings- en Kommunikasietegnologie (IKT) op alle terreine van die lewe – of dit vir opvoedkundige, korporatiewe, regerings- of sosiale gebruik is – ontken nie. Uit 'n opvoedkundige oogpunt, het die Suid-Afrikaanse Departement van Basiese Onderwys die invloed van IKT op onderrig en leer in die klaskamer erken deur IKT in die onderwysstelsel bekend te stel. IKT-integrasie in Suid-Afrikaanse skole is steeds in sy beginfase, veral in landelike skole. Hierdie fenomenologiese, kwalitatiewe navorsingstudie het 'n gevallestudie as navorsingsontwerp en die konnektivisme teorie as teoretiese raamwerk gebruik. Die teorie wat die studie onderskryf het, was die konnektivisme teorie. Die navorsing is met 'n steekproefneming van ses doelbewus gekose onderwyserdeelnemers uitgevoer. Semigestruktureerde onderhoude en niedeelnemerwaarneming is gebruik om data te versamel. Die doel van die semigestruktureerde onderhoude was om die onderwysers se persepsies te bepaal oor die integrasie van IKT as hulpmiddel om onderrig en leer te bevorder. Die niedeelnemerwaarneming het gehelp om die data uit die onderhoude te bevestig. Die navorsingsdata wat versamel is, is bestudeer, ontleed, verduidelik en geldig verklaar. Die bevindings het aangedui dat die integrasie van IKT nog in sy beginfase is en alhoewel die onderwysers IKT as 'n waardevolle hulpmiddel beskou om onderrig en leer te bevorder, het hulle die groot hoeveelheid werk wat die Departement van Basiese Onderwys nog moet doen om volledige integrasie van IKT in skole te verseker, beklemtoon. Die studie se bevinding het die onderwysers se uitdagings wat die behoorlike integrasie van IKT in skole verhinder, uitgelig. Die studie beveel aan dat die Departement van Basiese Onderwys genoegsame IKT-hulpmiddels in alle openbare skole voorsien, verseker dat die onderwyser behoorlike IKT-opleiding en deurlopende ondersteuning ontvang, en dat IKT-hulpmiddels gereeld opgradeer en onderhou word. Verder, dat die IKT-beleid as 'n riglyn vir onderrig en leer in skole gereguleer moet word. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)