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Masters of Art / Measuring poverty adequately is critical for any type of development project, and yet there are still no clear guidelines as to which approach is best to be used for different circumstances. There is a variety of different ways of measuring and understanding poverty, each with their own advantages and disadvantages, depending on the intended goal. This research explored the theory regarding poverty and poverty measurements, and research various perspectives ranging from income to basic needs, socail exclusion, sustainable livelihoods, and finally to the Human Development Approach. / South Africa

The goal of this work is to identify and analyse factors with impact on the income decrease of households under the poverty line. Data used in this work are taken from EU SILC survey. In this work is created a statistical model which help us to discover relevant and irrelevant factors. The situation and it's development is analysed only for Czech households in this work

Thesis (M. Dev. (Development Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / This study examines the way cooperatives operate and particularly how these poverty alleviation projects impacts on poverty in Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality (LNLM). The study also assessed the significance of government interventions contributing to the role the cooperatives play in alleviating poverty in LNLM. The research methodology used for this study involved both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Data was collected using questionnaires whereby the researcher conducted one-on-one interviews to administer them. The interviewees were composed of officials from the three spheres of government and the members of the cooperatives in the chosen area of study. The various international and local literatures relating to cooperatives were reviewed. The key findings of this study revealed that cooperative enterprises in the municipality can alleviate poverty especially leveraging on interventions, such as training, specific funding and skills development for the cooperatives which will assist the cooperative to grow and to be more sustainable. It has also shown that members in cooperatives have been able to support their families to meet their basic needs despite the pressing conditions under which cooperatives operate. Some of the key recommendations proposed include: firstly, that government should create awareness amongst cooperatives on what are the national funding,and how this funding operates; secondly, that government should market the funding opportunities and clearly explain to the cooperatives how the schemes work and how they will assist in the operations of the cooperatives in order to avoid misconceptions; and thirdly and most importantly, the monitoring and evaluation by the state on cooperatives funding programmes should be conducted on a regular basis.

with Jack Butler, SJ / Hillside Cafe

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / Poverty in Nigeria has always been examined as a static phenomenon, although empirical studies established that, rather than being static, the poverty levels of individuals can change over time and people can enter and leave a transitory state of poverty. Many individuals live in poverty for a long period of time, the length of which is the defining characteristic of a state of chronic poverty. There has been little or no effort by researchers to distinguish households that are chronically poor from those that are transitorily poor. It is against this background that this study sought to investigate the extent of chronic and transitory poverty among households in Nigeria: specifically, what factors influence chronic and transitory poverty in Nigeria. / 2023

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Most poverty studies ignore the dimension of time and are merely concerned if an individual meets certain money-metric or non-income welfare (e.g., access to services and asset ownership) criteria. They fail to recognise the limited time (24hours per day) available to complete tasks and the added difficulties they have even though there is an abundance of money-metric and asset-related non-money-metric poverty studies. (Kim et al. 2014:1). For example, individuals/households deemed poor by standard measures cannot afford market alternatives to assist them with non-market work (like childcare). Therefore, they find themselves spending all their time in market and non-market work without taking time for rest and improving themselves. Recognising non-market work and the allocation of time allows for a greater understanding into the role of women and Africans whose non-market work are unrecognised by standard economic measures such as GDP (Ferrant 2014:1). There are also only a few in-depth studies on time poverty, but they fail to utilise the most current data. Therefore, this study seeks to provide insights into how household production impacts on South African welfare. It explores the income, time poor and the extent of time allocation differences for various personal characteristics. It estimates the likelihood of time poverty based on an individual’s time schedule and the factors which most likely results in time poverty.

La presente investigación aporta a la literatura económica un enfoque dinámico sobre la vulnerabilidad a la pobreza multidimensional, siendo el primer estudio acerca de este tema que se apoya en técnicas de data panel. Asimismo, la importancia de este análisis radica en la utilización de la pobreza multidimensional como medida de bienestar de los hogares, debido a que, medir la pobreza desde esta perspectiva permite tener el panorama completo de las diferentes carencias que afrontan los pobres al mismo tiempo. En cuanto a la vulnerabilidad, siguiendo el modelo propuesto por Dang y Lanjouw (2014), se estima la probabilidad que tienen los hogares de entrar en una situación de pobreza, y en base a ello, se construye una Línea de Vulnerabilidad que permite identificar a la población vulnerable. Otro aporte importante, es que este enfoque de vulnerabilidad no considera a los hogares pobres que tienen una alta probabilidad de seguir siendo pobres, identificando los determinantes de la entrada a la pobreza. Del estudio realizado a los hogares peruanos durante el período 2015-2018, se concluye que, la pobreza multidimensional abarca al 25% de los hogares frente al 20% que identifica la medida de pobreza tradicional; y que, los hogares vulnerables representan el 28% de los hogares no pobres. Este último porcentaje aumenta con factores como la dependencia económica, hacinamiento de la vivienda y desastres naturales; mientras que, se reduce cuando el jefe del hogar pertenece al sector económico formal, tiene una cuenta financiera y se encuentra afiliado a un sistema de pensiones. / This research contributes to the economic literature of a dynamic approach on vulnerability to multidimensional poverty, being the first study on this topic that is supported on data panel techniques. Furthermore, the importance of this paper is based on the analysis of multidimensional poverty as a measure of household well-being, because measuring poverty from this perspective allows us to have a complete overview of poor’s needs on each dimension that is define. Regarding vulnerability, following the model proposed by Dang and Lanjouw (2014), the probability that households have of entering a situation of poverty is estimated and based on this, builds a Vulnerability Line to identify the vulnerable population. Another important input is that this approach doesn’t consider poverty households who has a high estimate of still being poor, by identifying the determinants of the entry to poverty. From the study carried out on Peruvian households during the 2015-2018 period, it is concluded that multidimensional poverty covers 25% of households compared to 20% that identifies the traditional poverty measure; and that vulnerable households represent 28% of non-poor households. This last percentage increases with factors such as economic dependence, overcrowding of housing and natural disasters; while, it is reduced when the head of the household belongs to the formal economic sector, has a financial account and is affiliated with a pension system. / Trabajo de investigación

Book Summary: While much needs to be done in order to minimize the suicide attempts and suicides of adolescents, the work of Stop Youth Suicide (SYS) campaign and the comprehensive grassroots' approach is showing signs of success in the state of Kentucky. The 2013 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) showed that for the first time, indicators of youth suicide in the state are at or below the national average, where they were previously always above. In the three rural counties where the school systems have partnered with SYS and the Division of Adolescent Medicine in Lexington, there is an actual absence of completed suicides compared to the average of three per year prior to this partnership. In order to maintain and improve that statistic, we must ensure that students do not have easy access to weapons, guns and drugs by ensuring that these items are properly stored in homes where children are present. Kentucky's educators must continue to develop ways to provide safe and supportive school environments. In this book, the authors have gathered presentations from the 2017 Annual Stop Youth Suicide Campaign Conference, which we hope will be of interest and help to the readers.

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Community work at the University of Zululand in the Department of Social Work, 2010. / The advent of the democratic transformation in South Africa during 1994, brought with it high hope that income , poverty and inequity would soon be significantly reduced from the high levels that existed during the Apartheid era. Though the development approach was adopted by the Department of Social Development in 1997, it has, however, not yet achieved its purpose. The poverty alleviation programme came as a ubstitut4 of maintenance grants. The grants were phased out in the period of three years whilst the Department of Social Development ws introducing the new approach of funding community projects. The study is about the impact of income generating projects by women in Utrecht area. The study was conducted on poverty alleviation projects funded by the Department of Social Development. An evaluative research method was followed in wwhich data was gathered through semi-structured interviews. A sample of twenty projects was drawn and respondents were interviewed where two were from each project. Related literature has been reviewed that focuses on poverty alleviation and income generating projects. .Various recommendations have been made on the findings of the study. The findings of the study indicated the need for training project members in capacity building. Project members also need to be motivated in one way or another so that they can develop a sense of ownership and work hard for the success of their own projects. Progress in poverty alleviation has been very slow and uneven. Community projects have failed poverty-stricken communities to improve their socio-economic standards. The research findings indicated clearly that the strategies and policies were not effective enough in achieving the desired goals of poverty alleviation. It has been noted that what actually made programmes for poverty alleviation to be disabled ea its implementation in the community.