Orientador: Valeriano Mendes Ferreira Costa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T09:52:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Avila_MilenePeixoto_D.pdf: 1865783 bytes, checksum: e04b7528a8ef8d88268f41769cee6793 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O programa de transferência de renda condicionada Bolsa Família tem se destacado, nos últimos anos, como a principal política social do Brasil, destinada aos "mais pobres" do país. Em poucos anos de implementação, o Bolsa Família é conhecido por grande parcela da população, desperta muito interesse e é objeto de vários estudos, em sua grande maioria, amostrais e estatísticos. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo discutir essa política pública em suas diferentes etapas, considerando tanto os aspectos institucionais (desenho, implementação e modelo de gestão), como os subjetivos. O foco da análise é apreender a interação entre a população e a política. Para tanto, realizei, tendo como metodologia a etnografia, um estudo comparativo com técnicos/as e beneficiárias das cidades de São Paulo (SP) e São Carlos (SP), observando as diferenças e semelhanças que a política assume depois que 'sai do papel'. Privilegia-se o olhar do beneficiário, isto é, 'daquele que recebe', com o intuito de realizar um levantamento das percepções, avaliações e sentimentos sobre a política. Busquei, com isso, analisar os efeitos gerais do Programa, com destaque para os impactos políticos dessa nova política de combate à pobreza. Um dos resultados observados é que, embora seja uma política federal, por ser implementado pelos municípios, o Bolsa Família 'funcionando' assume uma dinâmica diferente, de acordo com a estrutura política e administrativa local. Além disso, apesar de conter em seu desenho mecanismos que estimulem a participação política do beneficiário, na prática, entre as pessoas entrevistadas, ser beneficiário do Programa não se reverteu em uma maior participação e consciência política: a maioria participa das reuniões "porque tem que ir". Outro ponto observado é a falta de conhecimento e informação sobre o Programa, tanto entre os/as técnicos/as responsáveis pela política, como entre a população beneficiária. A pesquisa realizada com as pessoas que estão 'dentro' do Bolsa Família mostrou que é mais do interessante, ao se analisar uma política pública, considerar as falas daqueles que estão lidando diariamente com a política, uma vez que, ao se considerar os aspectos simbólicos e subjetivos, novos e significativos elementos surgem, demonstrando efeitos que a avaliação estatística não consegue apreender / Abstract: The program of conditional cash transfer "Bolsa Família" has emerged in recent years as the main social policy in Brazil, for the "poorest" of the country. In a few years of implementation, the "Bolsa Família" is known for a large portion of the population, it has obtained much interest and it has been the subject of several studies, in the vast majority of sampling and statistical. This present study aims to discuss the public policy in its different stages, considering both the institutional (design, implementation and management model) and the subjective aspects. The focus is to understand the interaction between population and policies In order to manage to do this, I carried out, with the ethnography methodology, a comparative study with technicians and beneficiaries from the cities of São Paulo (SP) and São Carlos (SP), noting the differences and similarities that policies takes over after 'out of paper'. Attention is given to the look of the beneficiary, I mean, 'the one who receives "in order to conduct a survey of perceptions, evaluations and feelings about policy. I sought, therefore, to analyze the effects of the Program, with emphasis on the political impact of new policies in fighting poverty. One of the observed results is that, although it's a federal policy, being implemented by municipalities, the Bolsa Família, once 'working' takes a different dynamic, according to local administrative and political structure. Furthermore, although it contains in its design mechanisms to encourage the political participation of the beneficiary, in practice, among those surveyed, the fact of being a beneficiary of the program is not reversed in a greater participation and political awareness: most part of them, go to the meetings "because they have to go". Another point observed is the lack of knowledge and information about the program, both among the technicians as policy makers, and among the beneficiary population. The survey of people who are 'inside' the Bolsa Família shows that it is more interesting when analyzing public policy, to consider the statements of those who are dealing daily with the policy, since, if we consider the symbolic aspects and subjective, new and significant elements emerge, by demonstrating effects that statistical evaluation cannot grasp / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais / Doutora em Ciências Sociais

Firstly, the government support system provided welfare support for single mothers through danwei institution and social assistance system. Danwei used to provide general welfare for single mothers and ensure their economic security. With the demise of danwei , many working single mothers started to xiagang (lose job) and became poor. Social assistance system was recently established in China to ensure the subsistence security of the poor and single mothers were also included. But since the subsistence allowance was too low, the benefit of its effect limited. / In the context of changing social economic and structure in China, poverty of single mothers is becoming an important issue in social policy and social welfare. How do single single mothers react against poverty? What kinds of welfare support are provided to them by the government, the market and the community? Could single single mothers alleviate poverty successfully under the present welfare support system? In order to answer these questions, this study takes the low-income single mothers in Beijing as the research target and examines the structure, context and effect of their welfare support system which were composed by the government, the market and the community. The study puts forward a new welfare support system design for single mothers by studying the main characters and the main problems of the actual welfare support system. / Secondly, the market support system provided welfare support through the free labor market. Single mothers in this study confronted the double discrimination due to gender and age in the labor market; and they usually only get low-income job in marginal employment. Most re-employed single mothers in this study were still living in poor conditions, they were in fact working poor. / The study concludes that to cope with poverty, single mothers in this Beijing small sample had to ask for formal welfare support, mainly social assistance, medical assistance and family assistance. Single mothers in this study had a welfare support system primarily based on the family and taking the family as the latent welfare provider by stressing the mutual responsibility of family members. Although this type of welfare support system can ensure the subsistence security of single mothers, it cannot help them stay away from threat of poverty. Considering the situation of China, it is suggested that the welfare support system for single mother should be primarily based on employment and taking the government, family and NGOs as the complementary sources of welfare support. This will help single mothers strengthen their self-development and independence, so they can positively and effectively respond to poverty. / The study takes a qualitative approach and the analysis is based on the materials stemmed from the in-depth interviews of 20 low-income single mothers in Beijing, Xuan Wu district which were taken on Nov 2006-Jan 2007 and Jan 2008-Mar 2008 respectively. The main findings are described as the following: / Thirdly, the community support system provided welfare support for single mothers through family, neighbours, colleagues, friends, community organizations and NGOs Family was the main support resource for single mothers in this study the government and the market. Parents, brothers and sisters had provided plenty of support for single mothers such like economic, house and caring support which helped them respond to poverty and other needs. The diversity of family support had led to the diversity of single mothers' economic status. The ex-husbands and their families usually had little connections with single mothers in this study and the former hardly provided any welfare support for them. The neighbours usually provided caring support while the colleagues and friends usually provided working and emotional supports. The community organizations and NGOs provided support for sourcing employment, emotional support and short-term monetary or material support for single mothers. / 黃霞. / Adviser: Chack Kie Wong. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-01, Section: A, page: . / Submitted: Nov. 2009 / Thesis (doctoral)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 286-306). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Huang Xia.

The Indigency Policy / Programme was introduced by the Tshwane Municipality in 2000 to alleviate poverty by assisting the poor with subsidized limited basic municipal services. The goal of this study was to explore the experiences and views of indigent older persons in Atteridgeville of the Indigency Policy / Programme of the Tshwane Municipality. Limited literature was available on the topic and hence the researcher undertook a qualitative study that was exploratory and descriptive in nature to explore this unknown area. The key recommendations were: There is a need for active involvement and availability of municipal social workers; continuous monitoring, education and evaluation by the municipality for the communities. It was recommended that the Municipality conduct a full scale research on indigents` experience and perceptions/ views of their Indigency Policy / Programme in Tshwane. / Social Work / M. A. (Mental Health)

Foreign aid is publicly motivated by a moral obligation to help the poor and develop underdeveloped countries. Donors have invested more than US$2.3 trillion in foreign aid, but despite this significant investment, 3 billion people are still living on less than $2 a day, 840 million are hungry, 10 million children die from preventable disease, and 1 billion adults are illiterate. This study focuses on the impact of foreign aid on economic growth and development of underdeveloped countries. It was found that many variables influence growth and development and that cross-country regression analysis is an inappropriate method to measure the effectiveness of aid. The methodology is too generalist, and treats foreign aid as a homogenous entity that works equally in all countries in all types of environment and across all times. There is an urgent need to develop a new methodology for measuring the effectiveness of foreign aid. / Development Studies / M. A. (Development Studies)

The aim is to explore how community participation can situate beneficiaries to discover and commit to what they need for the future in northern Ghana. The methodology used was observational, descriptive, qualitative and quantitative, cross-sectional and longitudinal survey. A convenient sampling method was used for the community and district selection process. Respondents were randomly selected to ensure equal opportunity for all those available at the time of the interview. Eight communities were used from the three regions of northern Ghana in which community-based pro-poor interventions by interventionists have either completed or are still in process. The participatory, reflective and participatory rural appraisal, techniques were used in the data gathering. The results show that 57% males and 43% females participated in the study. The study shows that 95.2% respondents from Northern region, 93.3%, from Upper West region and 88.7% from Upper East region participated more in NGO than government led activities. There were five main findings of the research. First, 61% of respondents give high priority to farm credit, boreholes/wells and dams. Respondents claim to gain maximum benefit from these interventions more. Second, 92.4% of respondents from the eight communities participate more in activities organised by NGOs for personal gain and motivation. Third, 53% of all target respondents participated actively at the implementation stage of the participation process. Fourth, there is low investment in the area of school, road and dam projects in the study communities. Only two of the eight communities benefited from a school or road project, and three out of eight communities benefited from dam projects. Fifth, 57% males against 43% females participate in pro-poor intervention activities in the eight communities. As a contribution to knowledge, the thesis shows community members in northern Ghana participate in activities when there is immediate motivation (either in cash or kind) or when projects border more on their main occupational areas. The thesis recommends that Government facilitates community members to demand the right to take active part in the participatory process in all pro-poor interventions in their communities. / Development Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)

Thesis (PhD (School of Public Management and Planning ))—University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / This study comprises a discursive analysis of the underlying assumptions, rhetorical devices and the latent agendas masked within: (i) the burgeoning international ICT, poverty and development literature; (ii) the policy agendas of the major players in international development; and (iii) the ICT, poverty and development discourse of the post-apartheid South African government. The aim of the study is to move beyond the current enthusiasm for derivative description and technological determinism, and to introduce a deeper, more balanced understanding of the relationship between ICT, poverty and development.

Thesis (DPhil (Political Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / Bibliography / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this dissertation I explore people’s perceptions of the causes of poverty. Literature reveals that there are three broad theoretical explanations of perceptions of the causes of poverty: individualistic explanations, where blame is placed squarely on the poor themselves; structural explanations, where poverty is blamed on external social and economic forces; and fatalistic explanations, which attribute poverty to factors such as bad luck or illness. Furthermore, the findings of studies reviewed showed that these explanations interact with socio-economic and demographic variables such as race, geographical location, education, lived poverty index (LPI), living standard measure (LSM) and employment. I therefore critically examine explanations of poverty among South Africans as measured by individualistic, structural and fatalistic dimensions and how it interacts with the socio-economic and demographic variables. Employing a national representative survey of 3510 adults aged 18 and older conducted by the Human Sciences Research Council between 18 April and 30 May 2006 the findings of the present study confirmed most of the theoretical arguments cited in the literature. For instance, South Africans, in general, perceive the causes of poverty in structural terms, but a large proportion of respondents also perceive the causes of poverty in individualistic terms. Access to basic necessities influenced perceptions of the causes of poverty since the poor mostly perceived poverty in structural rather than individualistic terms. White South Africans in contrast to black Africans perceive the causes of poverty mostly in individualistic terms. Coloured respondents are the most fatalistic in their perceptions of the causes of poverty. Further analysis show that respondents living in traditional areas compared to those in urban formal areas are less likely to have structural perceptions of the causes of poverty. This is a very interesting finding because my examination on the extent of lived poverty in showed that the urban formal areas have the smallest proportion of respondents that have gone without basic necessities over the past year if contrasted to the traditional, rural formal and urban informal areas. I found that education had no significant impact on structural perceptions of the causes of poverty. In spite of my assessment of the extent of access to basic necessities which revealed that a large proportion of respondents with primary education compared to those with tertiary education go without these basic necessities. In addition, the study found that the relationship between the socio-economic and demographic variables and the structural, individualistic and fatalistic perceptions of the causes of poverty is considerably more complex and that it is possible for the race group, level of education, employment status and geographical location of the respondent all to interact in a multidimensional manner and have an impact on how the causes of poverty is perceived. However, the three linear regressions examining the relationship between the socio-economic and demographic variables and the structural, individualistic and fatalistic perceptions of the causes of poverty should be interpreted with caution because the explanatory power of the three regression models is quite weak (as indicated by Adjusted R²). In sum, the present study is extremely relevant in many ways and makes a unique contribution at both a methodological and policy level. Methodologically, the findings showed that the LPI may contribute to the proposed poverty line suggested for South Africa. As such, the findings offer a valuable message for the country’s decision makers about South Africans’ perceptions of the causes of poverty. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verhandeling ondersoek die persepsies van die publiek met verwysing na die oorsake van armoede. Die literatuur dui op drie breë teoretiese verklarings aangaande persepsies oor die oorsake van armoede: individualistiese verklarings wat die blaam vierkantig op die armes self plaas, strukturele verklarings wat armoede toeskryf aan eksterne sosiale en ekonomiese magte en dan fatalistiese verklarings wat armoede toeskryf aan faktore soos die noodlot of siekte. Navorsing toon dat hierdie verklarings in interaksie met sosio-demografies, ekonomiese veranderlikes soos ras, geografiese ligging, opvoeding, indiensneming; die ‘Lived Poverty Index’ en geslag verkeer. Die huidige verhandeling ondersoek dus krities die verklarings, in terme van armoede onder Suid-Afrikaners, soos gemeet deur die individualistiese, strukturele en fatalistiese dimensies en hul interaksie met sosio-demografiese en ekonomiese veranderlikes. ‘n Nasionale verteenwoordingende opname van 3,510 volwassenes, 18 jaar en ouer wat tussen 18 April en 30 Mei 2009 deur die Raad vir Geesteswetenskaplike Navorsing uitgevoer het die meeste van die teoretiese argumente waarna in die literatuur verwys word bevestig. Byvoorbeeld, Suid-Afrikaners het oor die algemeen armoede vanuit strukturele perspektief waargeneem. Groot proporsie van respondente het armoede egter aan individualistiese faktore toegeskryf. Toegang tot basiese noodsaaklikhede het die persepsies van armoede beïnvloed aangesien die armes armoede meestal toegeskryf het aan strukturele eerder as individualistiese dimensies. Blankes, in vergelyking met Swart Suid-Afrikaners, het individualistiese eerder as strukturele persepties getoon. Kleurling repondente was die mees fatalisties aangaande hul persepsies oor die oorsake van armoede. Respondente wat in tradisionele landelike areas woon het armoede in mindere mate toegeskryf aan strukturele persepsies in vergelyking met repondente woonagtig in formele stedelike areas. Dit was baie interesante resultaat omdat daar verwag is dat respondente wat in tradisionele landelike areas woon armoede eerder sou toeskryf aan strukturele persepsies, terwyl repondente woonagtig in formele stedelike areas meer individualistiese persepsies sou openbaar. Die studie het ook bevind dat opvoeding en indiensneming geen merkwaardige invloed het op persepsies oor die oorsake van armoede nie. ‘n Verdere bevinding van die studie was dat die verhouding tussen die sosio-ekonomiese en demografiese veranderlikes en die struturele, individualistiese en fatalistiese persepsies van armoede aansienlik meer ingewikkeld en kompleks is. Dit is dus moontlik dat die rassegroep, vlak van opvoeding, indiensnemingstatus en geografiese ligging van respondent saam op multi-dimensionele manier in interaksie kan verkeer en dus impak kan hê op hoe armoede deur die respondent gesien word. Dit is belangrik om daarop te let dat die drie regressie analises wat die verhouding tussen die sosioekonomiese en demografiese veranderlikes en die struturele, individualistiese en fatalistiese persepsies van armoede ondersoek baie versigtig geinterpreteer moet word aangesien die verklaringsterkte van die drie regressies baie swak is. Ter opsomming was die studie onder bespreking uiters relevant ten opsigte van verskeie areas en het dit dus unieke bydrae gemaak tot beide metodologiese en beleidskwessies. Metodologies het die bevindinge getoon dat die ‘Lived Poverty Index’ kan bydra tot die voorgestelde armoede-lyn vir Suid-Afrika. Die bevindinge bied waardevolle inligting vir die land se besluitnemers aangaande Suid-Afrikaners se persepsies oor die oorsake van armoede.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-07-21T11:37:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Janice Gusmão Ferreira de Andrade.pdf: 2042345 bytes, checksum: 6529e751351061fa13b84eb91babd584 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T11:37:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janice Gusmão Ferreira de Andrade.pdf: 2042345 bytes, checksum: 6529e751351061fa13b84eb91babd584 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Our general objective is to investigate the deployment process and implementation of the National Plan for the Eradication of Extreme Poverty in Brazil, specifically the Plan Brazil Without Misery (PBSM), focusing the search on the immigrants descendants of pomeranians considered "people of traditional communities" in the State of Espírito Santo. This thesis is justified by the necessity of democratizing access to income and socioassistenciais services to families in extreme poverty situation of traditional communities, specifically the descendants of pomeranians. I was the social worker who made the first team of the program Include (PBSM) in the country of Santa Maria de Jetibá inEspírito Santo. We conducted a qualitative study. Our methodological process was constituted of interview, questionnaire and application form.The first National Bulletin Brazil plan Without Misery released in 2012 registered 92 families in the city. We estimate a 10% sampling of this universe for our research. We found 15 families who meet the profile, and recipient families program 09 only agreed to participate in the survey through form. The Brazil Plan Without Misery acted together to farmers in rural areas and brought several programs for working for families in the urban area. Worried about more marginal groups in society: the groups that had not been entered in the register Only, this means that many families were in public policies and social invisibility. The subject of our research work in agriculture on a family economy. Considering all our benchmark and noting that in many cases the income transfer programs are the only income of these people, we say that these tax programs promote inclusion, even precarious and marginal way, they don’t have the goal of universalizing and rather focus on the poorest among the poor. But the focusing of the PBSM was essential to locate families invisibility to the social protection system / Nosso objetivo geral é investigar o processo de implantação e implementação do Plano Nacional de Erradicação da Extrema Pobreza no Brasil, especificamente o Plano Brasil Sem Miséria (PBSM), tendo como foco da pesquisa os imigrantes descendentes de pomeranos considerados “povos de comunidades tradicionais”, no Estado do Espírito Santo. Esta se se justifica pela necessidade da democratização do acesso a renda e aos serviços socioassistenciais às famílias em situação de extrema pobreza das comunidades tradicionais, especificamente os descendentes de pomeranos. Eu fui a assistente social, fiz parte da primeira Equipe do Programa Incluir (PBSM) no município de Santa Maria de Jetibá. Realizamos um estudo qualitativo. Nosso processo metodológico se constituiu de entrevista, aplicação de questionário e formulário. O primeiro Boletim Nacional do Plano Brasil Sem Miséria divulgado no ano de 2012 registrou 92 famílias na cidade. Calculamos assim, uma amostragem de 10% deste universo para nossa pesquisa. Encontramos 15 famílias que preenchiam o perfil, sendo que somente nove famílias beneficiárias do Programa concordaram em participar da pesquisa realizada através de formulário. O Plano Brasil Sem Miséria atuou juntos aos agricultores, na área rural e trouxe diversos programas para trabalhar as famílias da área urbana, preocupou-se com os grupos mais marginais da sociedade: os grupos que não haviam sido inseridos no Cadastro Único, isso significa dizer que muitas famílias estavam na invisibilidade das políticas públicas e sociais. O sujeito de nossa pesquisa trabalha na agricultura em regime de economia familiar. Considerando todo nosso referencial e constatando que, em muitos casos, os programas de transferência de renda são a única renda dessas pessoas, nos é imposto dizer que estes programas promovem inclusão, mesmo que de forma precária e marginal, pois não têm o objetivo de universalizar e sim focalizam no mais pobre entre os pobres. Mas ainda assim, a focalização do PBSM foi essencial para localizar as famílias invisíveis ao sistema de proteção social

No abstract available. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Durban-westville, 2003

The Indigency Policy / Programme was introduced by the Tshwane Municipality in 2000 to alleviate poverty by assisting the poor with subsidized limited basic municipal services. The goal of this study was to explore the experiences and views of indigent older persons in Atteridgeville of the Indigency Policy / Programme of the Tshwane Municipality. Limited literature was available on the topic and hence the researcher undertook a qualitative study that was exploratory and descriptive in nature to explore this unknown area. The key recommendations were: There is a need for active involvement and availability of municipal social workers; continuous monitoring, education and evaluation by the municipality for the communities. It was recommended that the Municipality conduct a full scale research on indigents` experience and perceptions/ views of their Indigency Policy / Programme in Tshwane. / Social Work / M. A. (Mental Health)