This study aims to explore power asymmetry in the organisation of teacher-student interaction by looking at turn-taking systems and the restriction of participants. This is achieved by combining the frameworks institutional discourse, conversation analysis (CA) and critical discourse analysis (CDA) and by looking at sequences of teacher-student interactions at seminars. The study encompasses analyses of classroom discourse at university level and uses data culled from the Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English, MICASE. These data are analysed in relation to turn-taking systems and power asymmetry (i) to explore how teachers organise their classroom talk in terms of the allocation of turns, sanctions and control over the discourse and (ii) to determine to what extent teacher-student interactions show signs of power asymmetry. The results show that the teachers control the classroom discourse in a number of ways. Firstly, the analysis shows that the participatory roles of “teacher” and “student” have different claims to power and that these roles are more or less restricted by the design of the turn-taking system in place. Secondly, the teachers are found to organise the discourse in turn-taking systems that have implicit rules. Thirdly, the teachers not only have greater participation rights, but also greater control over the students’ participation rights, as witnessed by the fact that the students get disciplined if they break the rules of the system.

<p>Background: In resent years, the number of alliances has increased rapidly. Through collaborating with other firms, companies hope to gain certain benefits that they cannot reach on their own. However, the division of power in strategic alliances can be asymmetric, endangering the achievement of goals and objectives in the alliance for the less influential party. </p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to identify success factors for companies with less influence and power than their collaboration partner/s in a strategic alliance. </p><p>Delimitation: This study concerns strategic alliances characterised by one party making an equity investment in the other party. The study is, furthermore, conducted from the perspective of the less influential party with relatively less power in the alliance. </p><p>Realisation: A case study was conducted based on six interviews and a questionnaire among employees at the mobile operator Swisscom Mobile. The company is involved in a strategic alliance with Vodafone and is part of the world leading Vodafone Group. </p><p>Results: The main findings of this thesis show that power asymmetry in an alliance originates from factors both on a dyadic level and on a network level and that these levels affect each other. Companies with a weaker power position must strive for counteracting the existing power asymmetry in order to secure their goals and objectives in the alliance. This study shows that this can be achieved through, for instance, partly having different goals than the partner/s, increasing the dependence of the partner/s on the own resources, absorbing information and know-how and learning from the partner/s, building trust in the relationship through personal contacts and safeguarding goals and objectives through a written contract and “economic hostage”.</p>

Background: In resent years, the number of alliances has increased rapidly. Through collaborating with other firms, companies hope to gain certain benefits that they cannot reach on their own. However, the division of power in strategic alliances can be asymmetric, endangering the achievement of goals and objectives in the alliance for the less influential party. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to identify success factors for companies with less influence and power than their collaboration partner/s in a strategic alliance. Delimitation: This study concerns strategic alliances characterised by one party making an equity investment in the other party. The study is, furthermore, conducted from the perspective of the less influential party with relatively less power in the alliance. Realisation: A case study was conducted based on six interviews and a questionnaire among employees at the mobile operator Swisscom Mobile. The company is involved in a strategic alliance with Vodafone and is part of the world leading Vodafone Group. Results: The main findings of this thesis show that power asymmetry in an alliance originates from factors both on a dyadic level and on a network level and that these levels affect each other. Companies with a weaker power position must strive for counteracting the existing power asymmetry in order to secure their goals and objectives in the alliance. This study shows that this can be achieved through, for instance, partly having different goals than the partner/s, increasing the dependence of the partner/s on the own resources, absorbing information and know-how and learning from the partner/s, building trust in the relationship through personal contacts and safeguarding goals and objectives through a written contract and “economic hostage”.

When and why do rebels hire private military actors? I argue that rebels are more likely to hire private military actors under the conditions of power asymmetry, rebel competition, the presence of lootable resources and when rebel groups have effective leadership and organizational structures. I test three hypotheses empirically using the PSED dataset which identifies that rebel hired private military actors account for nearly 10% of all PMSC/mercenary employers in Africa, Latin America, and Asia from 1990-2012. I find strong empirical support that power imbalances between rebel groups and government, and the presence of lootable resources increases the likelihood of employment. Counter to my expectations, I find that rebel competition reduces hiring. A qualitative analysis shows that rebel groups with parent organizations are more likely to hire private military actors.

Submitted by BENEDITO ELY VALENTE DA CRUZ null (bvalente7@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-15T20:46:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE 15 - Fim.pdf: 19905198 bytes, checksum: a69ea9ef2e8be735284a330a434140f8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-07-18T20:51:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cruz_bev_dr_prud.pdf: 19905198 bytes, checksum: a69ea9ef2e8be735284a330a434140f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T20:51:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cruz_bev_dr_prud.pdf: 19905198 bytes, checksum: a69ea9ef2e8be735284a330a434140f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-02 / Outra / A emergência das Indicações Geográficas (IGs) deve ser compreendida dentro das transformações que têm afetado o setor agroalimentar na aurora do século XXI. No centro destas mudanças está a transição entre uma economia de escala para uma de escopo e a (re)valorização da dimensão espaço-territorial-local na lógica de (re) produção do capital. Isto tem levado os governos e os setores privados, em especial os ligados à produção familiar, a verem nas IGs uma ferramenta importante em projetos de desenvolvimento territorial. O objetivo desta pesquisa consiste em analisar o projeto de Indicação Geográfica para o Queijo do Marajó e seu uso como estratégia de desenvolvimento territorial para a microrregião geográfica do Arari-Marajó/PA. Para tanto, realizamos pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, tendo como recorte espacial os munícipios de Soure, Salvaterra e Cachoeira do Arari, no Marajó. Buscamos no método dialético os elementos que fundamentaram os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados nesta pesquisa. Como resultado, a pesquisa identificou que a assimetria socioeconômica e de poder entre os produtores de queijo apresentam-se atualmente como limitadoras ao uso da IG enquanto um instrumento de desenvolvimento territorial. A atenuação destas assimetrias perpassa pela elaboração de uma política pública em que se reconheça e valorize o saber-fazer do Queijo do Marajó, como um patrimônio coletivo do povo marajoara, fator fundamental na construção de uma concertação territorial que subsidie processos de desenvolvimento territorial. / The emergence of Geographical Indications (GIs) must be understood within the transformations that have affected the agrifood sector at the dawn of the 21st century. At the center of change lies the transition from an economy of scale to a scope and a (re)appreciation of the spatial-territorial-local dimension in the logic of (re)production of capital. This has led governments and private sectors, especially those linked to family production, to see GIs as an important tool in territorial development projects. The objective of this research is to analyze the Geographical Indication project for the Marajó’s cheese and its use as a territorial development strategy for the Arari-Marajó (PA) geographic microregion. In order to do so, we perform bibliographical, documentary and field research, having as spatial clipping the municipalities of Soure, Salvaterra and Cachoeira do Arari, at Marajó. The elements that grounded our methodological procedures were sought in the dialectical method. As a result, the research identified that socioeconomic and power asymmetry among cheese producers are currently limiting the use of GI as a tool for territorial development. The attenuation of these asymmetries runs through the elaboration of a public policy in which Marajó's cheese is recognized and valued as a collective patrimony of the people from Marajó, a fundamental factor in the construction of a territorial solution that supports the processes of territorial development.

No description available.

Purpose – The purpose with the study is to get an understanding of how a low-power retailer can incentivize their high-power supplier(s) to improve their supplier on-time delivery performance. The purpose was fulfilled by answering the two research questions: How does power asymmetry influence supplier on-time delivery performance in a low-power retailer and high-power supplier context? How can low-power retailers work with high-power suppliers to increase their supplier on-time delivery performance? Method – To answer the research questions, both theoretical and empirical data was required. A literature study was conducted to gather relevant theories about on-time delivery performance and supplier relations. To get the required empirical data, a case study was conducted at a case company that suited the subject. The case study consisted of multiple interviews and document studies. This enabled for an analysis in the form of pattern matching in order to answer the research questions and thereby fulfill the purpose. Findings – The power asymmetry between a supplier and a retailer influences the supplier on-time delivery performance in several ways. The low-power retailer can experience difficulties with setting the demands they need. Having to deal with high-power suppliers while being a low-power retailer has its challenges when a satisfying level of supplier on-time delivery performance is needed. The study found four appropriate ways for low-power retailers to work with high-power suppliers to get improved supplier on-time delivery performance. Improvement and changes can be done, these could be major and minor, internal and external. Implications – Both practical and theoretical implications have been provided. The practical implications are that the low-power retailer needs to know their power position in the dyadic relation and act accordingly to enable for a satisfying level of supplier on-time delivery performance.The theoretical implications are that this study has filled a knowledge gap regarding improvement of supplier on-time delivery performance. The knowledge gap would be the power asymmetry subject from a low-power retailers’ perspective. Not much attention has been devoted into this subject.Limitations – The limitation with this study was conducting a case study. The results are limited to this type of telecommunication retailing company. The case study was the choice of method as it gave a deeper understanding for the subject. Keywords – On-time delivery performance, supplier relations, power asymmetry, dyadic relationships

No description available.