Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / A teoria dos jogos à um ramo da matemÃtica dedicado à anÃlise das interaÃÃes entre elementos concorrentes, que se encontram em situaÃÃo de conflito, e à formulaÃÃo de estratÃgias de decisÃo. O potencial de aplicaÃÃo desta teoria em sistema de comunicaÃÃo mÃvel à considerado, jà que em alguns dos problemas podem ser identificados elementos em situaÃÃo de conflito. Dois problemas sÃo aqui abordados, a saber, o controle de potencia de transmissÃo e a equalizaÃÃo adaptativa de canal. Ambos estÃo relacionados à interferÃncia, que à um dos mais importantes fatores limitantes do desempenho de sistemas de telefonia celular. O controle de potÃncia de transmissÃo consiste em um procedimento de gerenciamento da interferÃncia de mÃltiplo acesso. Uma nova abordagem deste problema, via teoria dos jogos à considerada nesta dissertaÃÃo, resultando em uma nova deduÃÃo do algoritmo clÃssico de controle de potÃncia DPC (do inglÃs Distributed Power Control). Um novo algoritmo denominado GT-DPC ( do inglÃs Game â Theoretic Distributed Power Control), à desenvolvido e se revela uma forma geral do algoritmo DPC. O algoritmo GT-DPC se mostra mais eficiente em termos de energia do que os algritmos convencionais para serviÃos de qualidade flexÃvel( melhor esforÃo), isto Ã, para um mesmo nÃvel de potÃncia de transmissÃo mais altas do que o DPC. AlÃm disso, este algoritmo permite o gerenciamento dos recursos de potÃncia em cenÃrios de coexistÃncia de serviÃos com diferentes caracterÃsticas. Neste caso, o Lgoritmo à denominado GT-MSDPC ( do inglÃs Game-Theoretic Multi- Service Distributed Power Control).O desempenho dos algoritmos propostos para sistemas de serviÃos à avaliado atravÃs de simulaÃÃes computacionais que emulam os sistemas celulares TDMA( do inglÃs Time Division Multiple Acess) e CDMA(do inglÃs Code Division Multiple Acess). A aplicaÃÃo da teoria dos jogos à equalizaÃÃo adaptativa de canal, que à o procedimento de combate à interferÃncia entre sÃmbolos, està relacionada a situaÃÃes de pior caso. O filtro H( filtro robusto) à derivado atravÃs da aplicaÃÃo de conceitos da teoria dos jogos. AlÃm disso, suas interrelaÃÃes com o filtro de Kalman(RLS) sÃo apresentadas. Por meio de simulaÃÃes computacionais que emulam o sitema de telefonia celular GSM(do inglÃs Global System for Mobile Communications), ambos os fltros tÃm se desempenho como equalizador adaptativo de canal avaliado em dois diferentes cenÃrios. No primeiro deles, diferentes velocidades sÃo atribuÃdas ao usuÃrio, e os resultados mostram que o Rls e o equalizador H apresentam desempenhos comparÃveis. No segundo, considera-se a presenÃa de ruÃdo impulsivo, que pode ser uma consequÃncia do assincronismo de interferÃncia d mÃltiplo acesso, ou que pode ter fontes externas ao sistema de comunicaÃÃo, como a igniÃÃo de motores, llinhas de transmissÃo de energia, fornos de microondas, entre outros. Neste segundo cenÃrio, a robustez do equalizador H fica demonstrda, assim como a degradaÃÃo do desempenho do RLS. Um equalizador hÃbrido RLS-H à proposto, com a obtenÃÃo de ganhos expressivos com respeito ao equalizador RLS convencional. / Game theory is a branch of the Mathematics concerned with the analysis of interactions between competing elements, which are found in conflicting situations, and concerned with the formulation of decision strtegies. This theory is potentially applicable to communications systems problems, since elements in conflicting situations can be identified in some of such problems.Two problems are here considered: the transmit power control and the adaptive channel equalization. Both problems are related to interference, which is one of the most important limiting factors for the cellular system perfomance. Transmit power control consist of a procedure for multi-acess interference management. A new game theoretical approach to power control problem is considered, resulting in a new way to deduce the classical power control algorithm DPC(Distributed Power Con trol). A new algorithm, denoted GT-DPC(Game-theoretic Distributed Power Control), is developed and can be seen as a general form of DPC algorithms for best effort services, since for a unique transmit power level it provides data rates higher than DPC. Furthermore, it allows the power resource management in the presence of services, since for a unique transmit power level it provides data rates higher than DPC. Furthermore, it allows the power resource management in the presence of services with different characteristics. In this case, the algorithm is denoted GT-MSDPC(Game-Theoretic Multi-Service Distributed Power Control). The perfomace of the proposed algorithms for single-service and multi-service systems is demostrated through computational experiments whch simulate TDMA(Time Division Multiple Acess) and CDMA(Code Division Multiple Acess) cellular Systems. The game theory application to adaptive equalization, which is the procedure to combat the intersymbol interference, is related to worst case situations. The H filter(robust filter) is deduced by applying game-theoretic concepts. Furthermore, their relations with the Kalman filter are presented. Through computational experiments wihch simulate GSM(Global System for Mobile Communications) cellular system, both filters have their perfomance as adaptive channel equalizers valued in two different scenarios. In the first one,different speeds are attributed to the user, and results show that both RLS and H equalizer present similar perfomances. In the secon scenario, impulsive noise is considered. Impulsive noise may have external sources, as motors ignition, energy transmission lines or microwaves ovens. In this scenario, the H equalizer robustness is demontrated, so as the RLS perfomance degradation. A hybrid RLS-H equalizer is proposed, obtaining expressive gains with respect to conventional RLS equalizer.

Submitted by Sandro Camargo (sandro.camargo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2015-05-09T22:33:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 126110043.pdf: 2117805 bytes, checksum: f107c883cc20c40fff355188fc0e7df6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-09T22:33:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 126110043.pdf: 2117805 bytes, checksum: f107c883cc20c40fff355188fc0e7df6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-20 / Atualmente as técnicas não lineares de modulação de potência aplicadas ao aquecimento resistivo de água, principalmente em redes elétricas mal projetadas, podem gerar vários problemas no ambiente onde estão instaladas. É o caso dos chuveiros eletrônicos que, dependendo da técnica utilizada para executar o processo de modulação de potência, podem ocasionar efeitos indesejáveis na rede elétrica e ambiente. Um exemplo típico é o Controle por Ciclos Inteiros, foco deste trabalho, que apresenta baixa probabilidade de geração de harmônicas e interferência eletromagnética (IEM). Em contrapartida, é praticamente inevitável o surgimento de flicker na rede elétrica decorrente de sua utilização, principalmente devido às altas potências dos equipamentos de aquecimento resistivo, agravadas pelos longos intervalos entre condução e não condução de corrente. Considerando que a geração de flicker é a principal desvantagem proveniente do Controle por Ciclos Inteiros, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo propor outras técnicas a fim de atenuar este efeito indesejável e, ao mesmo tempo, possibilitar a utilização de vários níveis de potência. / Currently the non-linear power modulation techniques applied to resistive water heating, mainly on not properly designed electric installations, can generate various problems in the environment where they are present. This is the case of electronic showers that depending on the power modulation technique may result in undesirable effects in the power grid and environment. A typical example is the zero-crossing AC power control, focus of this work, which has low probability of generating harmonics and electromagnetic interference (EMI). On the other hand, it is almost inevitable the emergence of Flicker on the power grid resulting from its use, mainly due to high electrical power consumed by heating equipment, compounded by long conducting and non-conducting power intervals. Whereas the flicker generated is the main drawback from the zero-crossing power control, this work aims to propose other techniques to reduce this undesirable effect allowing several output power levels.

Increased government funding and incentives in recent years has led to an increase in the number of grid-tied renewable energy sources as their economic benefits become more renowned. Unfortunately, the outputs of these renewable resources are often highly variable, resulting in undesirable voltage disruptions that are harmful to sensitive loads. In addition to the energy variability of renewable energy sources, random voltage sags, swells and disruptions are already a major issue in power systems. Recent advances in power electronic devices have provided a platform for new solutions to the voltage support problem in power systems. One promising solution is the Dynamic Voltage Regulator (DVR), a series compensating device used to protect a sensitive load that is connected downstream from voltage sag or swell. For this thesis, the design, modeling, and analysis of a DVR system were performed using PSCAD software. Results from simulation demonstrate the DVR’s effectiveness in protecting a sensitive load from load and source side voltage disturbances as well as regulate the load bus voltage to its rated value.

Collaborative Beamforming (CB) has been introduced in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) context as a long-distance and power-efficient communication scheme. One challenge for CB is the randomness of sensor node locations where different network realizations result in different CB beampatterns. First, we study the effect of sensor node spatial distribution on the CB beampattern. The characteristics of the CB beampattern are derived for circular Gaussian distributed sensor nodes and compared with the case of uniform distributed sensor nodes. It is shown that the mainlobe behavior of the CB beampattern is essentially deterministic. This suggests that the average beampattern characteristics are suitable for describing the mainlobe of a sample beampattern. However, the CB beampattern sidelobes are random and highly depends on the particular sensor node locations. Second, we introduce the multi-link CB and address the problem of random sidelobes where high level sidelobes can cause unacceptable interference to unintended Base Stations or Access Points (BSs/APs). Centralized sidelobe control techniques are impractical for distributed sensor nodes because of the associated communication overhead for each sensor node. Therefore, we propose a node selection scheme as an alternative to the centralized sidelobe control which aims at minimizing the interference at unintended BSs/APs. Our algorithm is based on the use of the inherent randomness of the channels and a low feedback that approves/rejects tested random node combinations. The performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed in terms of the average number of trials and the achievable interference suppression and transmission rate. Finally, we study CB with power control aiming at prolonging the lifetime of a cluster of sensor nodes in the WSN. The energy available at different sensor nodes may not be the same since different sensor nodes may perform different tasks and not equally frequently. CB with power control can be used to balance the individual sensor nodes' lifetimes. Thus, we propose a distributed algorithm for CB with power control that is based on the Residual Energy Information (REI) at each sensor node while achieving the required average SNR at the BS/AP. The effectiveness of the proposed CB with power control is illustrated by simulations. / Communications

The traditional way of increasing capacity in a wirelesscommunication system has been cell splitting and fixedchannel-allocation based on prediction tools. However, theplanning complexity increases rapidly with the number of cellsand the method is not suitable for the large temporal andspatial traffic variations expected in the future. A lot ofresearch has therefore been performed regarding adaptivechannel allocation, where a channel can be used anywhere aslong as the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) is acceptable. Acommon opinion is that these solutions must be decentralizedsince a centralized one would be overly complex. In this thesis, we study the locally centralizedbunch conceptfor radio resource management (RRM) in aManhattan environment and show that it can give a very highcapacity both for outdoor users and for indoor users covered byoutdoor base stations. We show how measurement limitations anderrors affect the performance and wepropose methods to handlethese problems, e.g. averaging of measured values, robustchannel selection algorithms, and increased SIR margins. Wealso study the computational and signaling complexities andshow that they can be reduced by splitting large bunches, usingsparse matrix calculations, and by using a simplified admissionalgorithm. However, a reduction of the complexity often means areduction of the system capacity. The measurements needed for RRM can also be used to find amobile terminal's geographical position. We propose and studysome simple yet accurate methods for this purpose. We alsostudy if position information can enhance RRM as is oftensuggested in the literature. In the studied scenario, thisinformation seems to be of limited use. One possible use is toestimate the mobile user's speed, to assist handover decisions.Another use is to find the location of user hotspots in anarea, which is beneficial for system planning. Our results show that the bunch concept is a promisingcandidate for radio resource management in future wirelesssystems. We believe that the complexity is manageable and themain price we have to pay for high capacity is frequentreallocation of connections. <b>Keywords:</b>bunch concept, radio resource management,network-assisted resource management, base station selection,dynamic channel allocation, DCA, channel selection,least-interfered, interference avoidance, interferenceaveraging, handover, power control, path-loss measurements,signal strength, link-gain matrix, TD-CDMA, UTRA TDD, Manhattanscenario, microcells, mobile positioning, position accuracy,trilateration, triangulation, speed estimation

A solar and diesel-wind hybrid power control systems is proposed in the thesis. The system consists of solar power, wind power, diesel-engine, a static synchronous compensator and an intelligent power controller. MATLAB/Simulink was used to build the dynamic model and simulate the solar and diesel-wind hybrid power system. A static synchronous compensator was used to supply reactive power and regulate the voltage of the hybrid system. To achieve a fast and stable response for the real power control, an intelligent controller was proposed, which consists of the Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) and the Elman Neural Network (ENN) for maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The pitch angle control of wind power uses ENN controller, and the output is fed to the wind turbine to achieve the MPPT. The solar system uses RBFN, and the output signal is used to control the DC / DC boost converters to achieve the MPPT.

This research work deals with the analysis, design and implementation of thyristor switched plain capacitor banks and thyristor switched shunt filter banks. Performances of various thyristor switched capacitor (TSC) topologies are also investigated by simulations. The theoretical findings have been verified by carrying out experimental work on two prototypes implemented within the scope of this research work, one is a wye-connected laboratory prototype and the other is a delta-connected application prototype integrated to some of the SVCs existing in Turkish Coal Enterprise s Plants. The advantages of back-to-back connected thyristor switches over conventional electromechanical contactors are also made clear by conducting an intensive experimental work in the laboratory. A good correlation have been obtained between theoretical and experimental results.

Abstract In this thesis, we use a high power 1550 nm DFB laser and a Ti:LiNbO3 Mach-Zehnder modulator to construct an externally modulated trensmitter for CATV lightwave system. We use two methods to reduce the problem caused by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect in externally modulated AM video system by using high-frequency phase modulation and low-frequency dithering techniques. In this experiment, the SBS threshold can be increased by 6 dB. We also design a automatic gain control (AGC) circuit with a 10 dB dynamic range in our transmitter. After addition with a home-made predistortion linearized circuit, the system performance of this transmitter in a 20 km single-mode fiber link carrying 60 NTSC channels can be achieved with a CNR¡Ù46~52 dB¡BCSO¡Ø-68~-73 dBc¡BCTB¡Ø-59~-63 dBc. As the number of channels increased from 60 to 80, we can obtain CNR¡Ù46~51 dB, CSO¡Ø-65.5~-71 dBc, and CTB¡Ø-55~-60.4 dBc. According to preceding description, we know that our trensmitter can carry 60 ~ 80 NTSC channels.

<p>The traditional way of increasing capacity in a wirelesscommunication system has been cell splitting and fixedchannel-allocation based on prediction tools. However, theplanning complexity increases rapidly with the number of cellsand the method is not suitable for the large temporal andspatial traffic variations expected in the future. A lot ofresearch has therefore been performed regarding adaptivechannel allocation, where a channel can be used anywhere aslong as the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) is acceptable. Acommon opinion is that these solutions must be decentralizedsince a centralized one would be overly complex.</p><p>In this thesis, we study the locally centralized<i>bunch concept</i>for radio resource management (RRM) in aManhattan environment and show that it can give a very highcapacity both for outdoor users and for indoor users covered byoutdoor base stations. We show how measurement limitations anderrors affect the performance and wepropose methods to handlethese problems, e.g. averaging of measured values, robustchannel selection algorithms, and increased SIR margins. Wealso study the computational and signaling complexities andshow that they can be reduced by splitting large bunches, usingsparse matrix calculations, and by using a simplified admissionalgorithm. However, a reduction of the complexity often means areduction of the system capacity.</p><p>The measurements needed for RRM can also be used to find amobile terminal's geographical position. We propose and studysome simple yet accurate methods for this purpose. We alsostudy if position information can enhance RRM as is oftensuggested in the literature. In the studied scenario, thisinformation seems to be of limited use. One possible use is toestimate the mobile user's speed, to assist handover decisions.Another use is to find the location of user hotspots in anarea, which is beneficial for system planning.</p><p>Our results show that the bunch concept is a promisingcandidate for radio resource management in future wirelesssystems. We believe that the complexity is manageable and themain price we have to pay for high capacity is frequentreallocation of connections.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>bunch concept, radio resource management,network-assisted resource management, base station selection,dynamic channel allocation, DCA, channel selection,least-interfered, interference avoidance, interferenceaveraging, handover, power control, path-loss measurements,signal strength, link-gain matrix, TD-CDMA, UTRA TDD, Manhattanscenario, microcells, mobile positioning, position accuracy,trilateration, triangulation, speed estimation</p>

<p>Two topics in fading channels with a strict delay constraint and a resolution-constrained feedback link are treated in this thesis.</p><p>First, a multi-layer variable-rate single-antenna communication system with quantized feedback, where the expected rate is chosen as the performance measure, is studied under both short-term and long-term power constraints. Iterative algorithms exploiting results in the literature of parallel broadcast channels are developed to design the system parameters. A necessary and sufficient condition for single-layer coding to be optimal is derived. In contrast to the ergodic case, it is shown that a few bits of feedback information can improve the expected rate dramatically. The role of multi-layer coding, however, reduces quickly as the resolution of the feedback link increases.</p><p>The other part of the thesis deals with partial power control systems utilizing quantized feedback to minimize outage probability, with an emphasis on the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff. An index mapping with circular structure is shown to be optimal and the design is facilitated with a justified Gaussian approximation. The diversity gain as a function of the feedback resolution is analyzed. The results are then extended to characterize the entire diversity-multiplexing tradeoff curve of multiple-antenna channels with resolution-constrained feedback. Adaptive-rate communication is also studied, where the concept of minimum multiplexing gain is introduced. It is shown that the diversity gain of a system increases significantly even with coarsely quantized feedback, especially at low multiplexing gains.</p>