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Estudo do aproveitamento de resíduos de cerâmica vermelha como substituição pozolânica em argamassas e concretos / Study the use of waste clay products as pozzolanic replacement in mortars and concreteVieira, Andressa de Araújo Porto 27 August 2005 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2005-08-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Portland cement based materials have great potential for providing good waste immobilization solutions, which are both cost effective and also promotes the sustainable development of modern industrial activities. Indeed, several industrial wastes have successfully been used in constructions worldwide, most of them from steel and energy manufacturing processes. Nevertheless, transportation, when needed in places where industrial activities are still incipient can affect the cost effectiveness of its use. In such places, such as in the Northeast of Brazil, red clay bricks industry is chiefly predominant, and little is done for its sustainable development. Even though, some researches have been suggesting that their waste, when ground, can improve some properties of cement based materials. However, in order to implement an effective strategy for its use, more research needs to be done, evaluating the potential immobilization of such waste in systems containing Portland cement. Therefore, the current research: investigated the effect of the finesse on the pozzolanic activity of ground red clay bricks (RC), comparing with a conventional cement industry pozzolan (FC); evaluated the effect of the replacement of cement by RC on the fresh and hardened mechanical properties and permeability in mortar and concrete and on the corrosion of steel reinforcement in concretes. Mortar and concrete samples were cast with different levels of RC replacing cement (0%, 20% and 40%) by mass. The water to binder ratio was kept constant (0.50) in both mix proportions of mortar (1:1,55) and concrete (1:1,55:2,19). The samples were initially cured in water at two different temperatures (room around 23ºC - and 55o C) for 7 days, in air for 21 days, and lately immersed in test solutions (water and 3.5% NaCl solution). The mineralogical compositions of RC and the pozzolan FC were obtained by X-Ray diffraction analysis. The cement used was a CPII-F 32 (Portland Limestone Cement with c.a. 10% of CaCO3). When the parameters related to the porous structure of mortars and concretes containing RC were considered, it can be observed that only mortars presented satisfactory results. With respect to the investigated concretes mechanical performance, it was concluded that, although the use of RC in replacement levels of 20% and 40% had reduced the compressive strength of these concretes, this reduction wasn t proportional to the used replacement level. Indeed samples containing 40% retained 89% of the of the concrete control mix, without replacement, due to its satisfactory pozzolanic activity and filler effect. The dilution of cementitious material by its replacement for RC appears to affect the alkalinity of the studied matrices, reducing its pH´s, which can be an indicative of a major predisposition of these matrices to durability problems due the corrosion of its steel reinforcing / Os produtos à base de cimento Portland possuem um grande potencial de promover soluções para a imobilização de resíduos industriais, as quais, além de serem ecomicamente viáveis, contribuem para o desenvolvimento sustentável das atividades industriais modernas. De fato, vários destes resíduos têm sido utilizados com sucesso em construções no mundo inteiro, sendo a sua grande maioria proveniente da produção de aço e energia. Todavia, a utilização deste tipo de resíduos em regiões de baixa atividade industrial, como o Nordeste do Brasil, pode se tornar economicamente inviável em razão dos custos relativos ao seu transporte. Nesta região em especial, a indústria de cerâmica vermelha é uma das principais atividades industriais e poucas foram a contribuições para o seu crescimento sustentável, embora alguns pesquisadores venham sugerindo que seus resíduos, quando moídos, podem promover melhorias em algumas propriedades de misturas de cimento contendo esta adição. Entretanto, de modo a implementar uma efetiva estratégia para a utilização destes resíduos, um maior número de pesquisas precisa ser efetuado, avaliando o potencial de imobilização destes resíduos em sistemas contendo cimento Portland. Deste modo, a presente pesquisa: investigou o efeito da finura na atividade pozolânica de resíduos de cerâmica vermelha moídos (RC), comparando-os com uma pozolana convencional utilizada pela indústria de cimento (FC); avaliou o efeito da substituição do cimento por RC na reologia, propriedades mecânicas e permeabilidade de argamassas e concretos e na corrosão de armaduras de concretos. Foram moldadas amostras de argamassas e concretos contendo diferentes teores de substituição do cimento por RC (0%, 20% e 40%) em peso. O fator água/aglomerante foi mantido constante (0,5) tanto nas misturas relativas as argamassas (1:1,55), quanto aos concretos (1:1,55:2,19). As amostras foram inicialmente curadas em água em duas temperaturas distintas (ambiente cerca de 23ºC e 55ºC) por 7 dias, em ambiente de laboratório até os 21 dias, e posteriormente imersas nas soluções de teste (água pura e solução salina de NaCl a 3,5%). As composições mineralógicas do RC e da pozolana FC foram obtidas por análise de difração de Raios-X. O cimento utilizado foi o CPII-F 32 (Cimento Portland com Filler com 10% de CaCO3). No tocante aos parâmetros relacionados à estrutura porosa de argamassas e concretos contendo RC, apenas as primeiras apresentaram resultados satisfatórios. Com relação à performance mecânica dos concretos avaliados, embora a substituição parcial do cimento por RC na confecção dos mesmos em teores de 20% e 40% tenha provocado uma redução de sua resistência à compressão simples, esta redução não foi proporcional ao teor de substituição utilizado, haja vista que, amostras contendo 40% de substituição ainda retiveram 89% da resistência das amostras de controle, em razão da satisfatória atividade pozolânica do resíduo além de seu efeito filler. A diluição do cimento em decorrência de sua substituição por RC pareceu afetar a alcalinidade das matrizes estudadas, reduzindo seus pH´s, principalmente em ambientes salinos, o que pode ser um indicativo de uma maior predisposição destas matrizes a problemas de durabilidade em decorrência da corrosão das armaduras envoltas pelas mesmas
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Cinza residual da queima de biomassa do capim elefante (Pennisetum purpureum) como material pozolânico substituto do cimento Portland / Residual ash from biomass of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) as pozzolanic material for partial substitution of Portland cementErika Yukari Nakanishi 02 August 2013 (has links)
O objetivo do presente estudo foi contribuir para a viabilização do uso da cinza de capim elefante em escala laboratorial como uma pozolana ativa em substituição parcial do cimento Portland, através da obtenção e tratamento da cinza e seu estudo em pastas. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em três etapas. Na etapa 1, denominada \"Obtenção da cinza\", foi realizado o estudo das estruturas do capim elefante, que foi separado em folhas, (colmo + bainha) e planta inteira e para análise da cinza de cada parte. Observa-se na cinza que há um teor elevado principalmente, de sílica e potássio, sendo que o teor de sílica é maior na folha, enquanto o de potássio é maior no (colmo + bainha). Na etapa 2, denominada \"Tratamento da cinza\", foram realizados diferentes tratamentos químicos e térmicos no material, com o intuito de diminuir os teores dos íons alcalinos, e, com isso, aumentar a proporção de SiO2 na cinza final. Foram realizados três tratamentos, sendo T1 tratamento no capim elefante antes da queima, com solução ácida, T2 tratamento na cinza de capim elefante com água quente e T3 tratamento também na cinza com solução ácida. Pode-se observar que houve um aumento no teor de sílica nas cinzas após os tratamentos. E por fim, na etapa 3, denominada \"Estudo das pastas\", procurou-se aplicar a cinza com tratamento T3, através da caracterização das pastas. Foram produzidas cinco pastas diferentes, C (somente cimento), CC (cimento - cinza), CS (cimento - sílica ativa), CHC (hidróxido de cálcio - cinza) e CHS (hidróxido de cálcio - sílica ativa). Foram feitos estudos de caracterização dos materiais, como também ensaios para a avaliação das pastas, dentre eles, resistência à compressão e ensaios para análise da hidratação do cimento. A cinza apresentou ser um material reativo. E, para sua aplicação em pasta, pode-se notar que a resistência à compressão da pasta com 20% de cinza não diferiu significativamente da pasta produzida somente com cimento. Pela avaliação de difração de raios X (DRX), observou-se a diminuição dos picos das fases ferrita, aluminato tricálcico, belita e alita, o que é indicativo do processo da reação. Adicionalmente, pela análise de termogravimetria, constatou-se o consumo de portlandita, com o passar do tempo e a formação dos géis de CSH. Com base nos resultados obtidos nas três etapas descritas neste trabalho, pode-se concluir que a substituição parcial do cimento Portland pela cinza de capim elefante como material pozolânico é tecnicamente possível e viável. / The aim of this study was to contribute to the use of elephant grass ashes, obtained from laboratory scale, as an active pozzolan in partial replacement of Portland cement, by the production and treatment of these ashes and their evaluation study into pastes. The work was developed in three steps. The step 1, entitled: \"Getting Ash\", was carried out to study the structures of elephant grass, which was separated into leaves, (stem + sheath) and the whole plant, and the ashes of each part were analyzed. It is observed that the ash has high content of silica and potassium, whereas the silica content is higher in the leaf part, while potassium is highest in the (stem + sheath) region. In step 2, entitled \"Treatment of the ash\" there were carried out different thermal and chemical treatments on the material, to reduce the concentration of alkali ions and thereby increase the proportion of SiO2 in the ash. Three treatments were carried out: T1, treatment in the elephant grass before burning, with acid solution; T2, treatment in the elephant grass ash with hot water and; T3, treatment also in the ash with acid solution. It can be observed an increase in the silica content in the ashes after of the treatments. Finally, the step 3 activities, entitled \"Study of pastes\", attempted to apply the ash with T3 treatment, by the characterization of the pastes. Five different pastes were produced, C (cement only), CC (cement - ash), CS (cement - silica fume), CHC (calcium hydroxide - ash) and CHS (calcium hydroxide - silica fume). There were made studies for the characterization of the materials, as well as, the tests for the evaluation of the pastes, such as compressive strength tests and the analyses to measure the hydration of the cement. The ash under consideration showed to be a reactive material. For its application in the paste, it can be noted that the compressive strength of the paste with 20% of the ash did not differ significantly the paste produced with only cement. For the evaluation of X-ray diffraction (XRD), it was observed a decrease of the peaks of the ferrite phases, tricalcium aluminate, alite and belite, which is indicative of the reaction process. In the thermogravimetric analysis, it was observed the consumption of portlandite, in the course of time, and the formation of the CSH. Based on the results obtained in the three steps described in this work, it can be concluded that the partial replacement of Portland cement by elephant grass ash as pozzolanic material is technically possible and viable.
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The influence of moulding moisture content on the engineering properties of aggregate-lime-natural pozzolan mixesOlekambainei, Arip-Kituyan Emmanuel 09 June 2005 (has links)
The current trends in the road transport sector show a growth in axle loads as well as vehicle numbers on all types of roads in highly industrialised countries as well as in developing countries. This increase in axle loads and numbers has forced road agencies to amend their design standards adopting designs that provide roads with higher load bearing capacity. However, the rapid depletion of natural road construction gravel, as well as strict environmental conservation laws have resulted in many agencies in-charge of road construction and maintenance to resort to use of alternative materials that will be economically feasible and environmental friendly. The use of natural pozzolans for stabilising pavement layers fulfils this requirement. This research study was performed with the aim of evaluating the engineering properties of aggregate-lime-natural pozzolan (ALP) mixtures at varying compaction degrees of saturation and to compare them with conventional cement-stabilized aggregates. Two types of pozzolans found in Tanzania were used. The laboratory investigation was carried out in two parts, namely a pilot investigation where the strength behaviour with time, shrinkage and CBR were determined at three degrees of saturation for a washed river sand specimen followed by the main investigation using two different types of sands at four varying degrees of saturation. The study showed that the compaction degree of saturation for ALP mixes plays an important role in their tensile and compressive strengths development regardless of their optimum moisture contents. The ratio between tensile and compressive strengths for ALP mixes was also found to closely obey the relation given by Fulton (2001) for concrete. The ALP mixes were also observed to develop their strength similar to cement mixes with the formation of tobermorite crystals with the additional of water and appropriate activator. Both pozzolan mixes developed significant tensile and compressive strength after 28 days of curing similar to cement mixes. High CBR values for the two ALP mixes were obtained in mixes moulded at degrees of saturation lower than that corresponding to their optimum. Similarly, the shrinkage of the mixes was found to decrease with a decrease in the degrees of saturation. The CBR and shrinkage of the ALP mixes were found to show similar trend to that of the control cement mixes. The ALP mixes showed no significant strength loss with an increase in the fines content in unwashed sand mix in comparison with that of washed sand mixes. No significant strength loss was observed in the ALP mixes as in the control cement mixes at all moulding degrees of saturation. Finally the study concluded that the ALP mixes could be used in stabilization of pavement layers. However, care must be taken in deciding the compaction degrees of saturation as the specifications used in conventional cement stabilization does not necessarily yield desirable strength development in ALP mixes. / Dissertation (MEng (Transportation))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Civil Engineering / unrestricted
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Durabilité des éco-bétons : impact d'additions cimentaires alternatives sur la corrosion des armatures dans les bétons armés / Durability of green concretes : impact of alternative cementitious materials on the corrosion of steel in reinforced concreteFrohard, Fabien 15 December 2014 (has links)
L'utilisation de ressources locales est une des facettes importantes du développement durable dans le secteur de la construction. Plusieurs types de sous-produits sont aujourd'hui à l'étude pour une utilisation dans les bétons en tant qu'addition cimentaire, dans le but de développer des liants basés sur des ressources alternatives. La présente étude cherche à évaluer les performances de quatre types de sous-produits sur les propriétés des bétons armés vis-à-vis de la corrosion. La poudre de verre, les cendres volantes de papeterie, les cendres de boues d'épurations ou les sédiments calcinés présentent une nature minérale compatible avec un milieu cimentaire. Face à la problématique de corrosion des armatures, le béton constitue à la fois un milieu alcalin favorisant la passivité des aciers et une barrière de transport qui limite la pénétration de contaminants au sein de la matrice cimentaire (principalement les chlorures et le dioxyde de carbone). Les additions cimentaires doivent donc permettre aux aciers de développer un état passif et apporter à l'enrobage une densification afin de limiter la pénétration de contaminants jusqu'aux armatures. Les propriétés électrochimiques au contact des additions ont été caractérisées et les propriétés de transfert des bétons face aux chlorures et au dioxyde de carbone ont été étudiées. L'utilisation de ces matériaux n'influe pas particulièrement le comportement des aciers. Toutefois, l'enrobage est d'une importance particulière, à la fois vis-à-vis de la pénétration de chlorures et du dioxyde de carbone, mais aussi sur la cinétique de corrosion des armatures. La réactivité des additions impacte les propriétés de transfert qui contrôlent aussi bien la cinétique de contamination des bétons que le processus de corrosion des armatures dépassivées / The use of locally available resources is a major concern for construction sector when it comes to sustainable development. In the case of concrete, a variety of by-products is currently being investigated for use as cementitious materials so as to develop concrete made out of alternatives resources. The present study intends to assess the performance of four kinds of by-products on corrosion-related properties in reinforced concrete. Glass powder, paper mill fly ashes, sewage sludge ashes or calcined sediments exhibit a mineral nature compatible with the medium of concrete. In terms of corrosion concerns, the concrete act as an alkaline medium that enable steel passivity and as a transport barrier that limits deleterious elements ingress (mainly chlorides, carbon dioxide). Thus, the use of alternative cementitious materials should enable the passivation of steel and should also provide a densification to the cover in order to limit contaminants ingress toward steel vicinity. The electrochemical properties of steel in contact with cementitious additions were characterized and the transfer properties of concrete were investigated. The use of these materials has an insignificant impact on the behavior of steel. However, the concrete cover has significant influence on both chloride and carbon dioxide ingress as well as on the corrosion kinetic of reinforcement. The reactivity of the cementitious materials impacts the transfer properties which control the kinetic of contamination of concretes and the corrosion process of non-passive steel
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Studium přípravy a vlastností historických omítkových směsí / Study of Preparation and Properties of Historic MortarsMajerová, Jana January 2018 (has links)
The diploma thesis is concerned with study of preparation and properties of historic mortars. In theoretical part, there is summarized the historic progress of mortars and their material composition. The experimental part is focused on proposition of mortar mixes. The diploma thesis referring to actual research on Institute of Technology of Building Materials and Components, FCE VUT in Brno. The base mixe of historical mortar came from this research. In experiment, there is the base mixe of historical mortar modified with gypsum. In the first phase of the experimental part the basic technological and aplication properties are assessed. The second phase of the experimental part is focused on the course of hydration of the binder in different environments and subseqeunt determination of the phase composition by X-ray diffraction analysis. The aim of the thesis is to determine the optimal amount of gypsum and to optimize the recipe of historical mortar.
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Příprava historických pojiv s vysokou odolností proto okolním vlivům / Preparation of historical binders with high resistance to ambient influencesNehybka, Josef January 2019 (has links)
This master’s thesis is focused on preparation of the mortar mixtures inspired by roman cement with a great resistivity against the corrosion environment, especially a seawater. There were prepared samples of a roman cement containing of pure lime and various artificial pozzolans and natural tuff which were used as pozzolan admixtures. The task of this work is to explore possibility of using pure lime and for example pozzolan admixture which can resist against the corrosive environment like a roman cement. There were prepared a lot of various samples which were tested separately on their mechanical characteristics before and after their exposure of the influence of the corrosive environment. There were used X-ray diffraction analysis for the characterization of a phase composition of the raw materials and some selected samples.
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WASTE GLASS - A SUPPLEMENTARY CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALFederico, Lisa 10 1900 (has links)
<p>This study investigates the feasibility of using waste glass as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). By further defining some of the parameters by which waste glass may be incorporated into concrete as a cement replacement, the environmental, economical, and engineering benefits of this material may be realized. Past observations, including the production of alkali silica reaction (ASR) gel, and the lack of pozzolanic reactivity, have limited the acceptance of waste glass as a SCM,</p> <p>Mechanical treatment was used to improve reactivity and provide a particle size at which waste glass performs comparably to ground granulated blast furnace slag and nearly as well as silica fume. At 6.6 µm, the pozzolanic reactivity of waste glass was demonstrated through consumption of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> and heat of hydration. Waste glass at a larger particle size (16.5 µm) was as reactive as slag. Use of waste glass at 10% replacement of Portland cement by mass and at a particle size below 100 µm proved useful as a SCM.</p> <p>A relationship between pozzolanic and alkali silica reaction (ASR) was identified with intermediate phases of the reaction present. Calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) from the pozzolanic reaction have a Ca/Si ratio of 1.5-2. ASR products generally have a Ca/Si ratio of 0.01-1. The products observed with agglomeration of glass particles had a Ca/Si ratio from 0.5-2. The affects of silica concentration and alkalinity of the solution on the reaction products were explored.</p> <p>A reaction rim was identified around glass agglomerates where fluorescence was observed. The results indicate that ASR can be induced even in low alkalinity cement, and the rate of reaction influences both the characteristics and composition of the reaction product.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Simulating Chemical Reactions of Glass Powder in Cement Using Silica, Calcium Hydroxide and Sodium HydroxideYoung, Sarah 04 1900 (has links)
<p>The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) decreases the environmental impact of the cement industry. SCMs are commercial by-products that possess pozzolanic properties. Recycled glass powder, classified as a SCM, when added as a cement replacement reacts with the available lime in the cement to form calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) products. In contrast with other SCMs, glass is siliceous and thus the reaction can also cause alkali silica reaction (ASR) which causes expansion and cracking. This study was completed in order to characterize the chemical reactions and their rate using a simplified system that mimics glass particles in hardened cement paste.</p> <p>Silica powder was added to solutions containing calcium hydroxide and/or sodium hydroxide. The rate of dissolution of the silica was monitored as well as the composition of the reaction products. Dissolution rates of silica with varying concentrations of silica, calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, were fitted to the Hixson-Crowell cubic root law. The precipitate composition of the reaction product was represented by means of triaxial plots. It was found that silicate ions enter the solutions containing sodium hydroxide and containing both sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide. The rate is proportional to the quantity of sodium ions in the solution and to the pH. Also, higher concentrations of silica generally cause higher dissolution rates. The solutions with a pH of 13.48 and with lower silica concentrations created reaction products that were similar to C-S-H while the solutions with higher pH levels formed ASR after thirty days. The C-S-H prevented further dissolution of the silica. The formation of the ASR reaction products did not prevent further dissolution of the silica and they continued to dissolve until most of the silica had entered the solution.</p> / Master of Applied Science (MASc)
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Durabilité des bétons autoplaçants à base de vase et de pouzzoloane / Drability of self compacting concretes with silt and pozzolanBelaribi, Omar 28 June 2015 (has links)
RésuméEn raison des spécificités relatives à la formulation des bétons autoplaçants (BAP) et en particulier ceux concernant leur volume élevé en pâte et la présence d'ajouts et substituts minéraux en grande quantité, leur comportement à l'état frais et à l'état durci ainsi que leur durabilité sont fortement influencés par ces deux paramètres.Certains sédiments traités acquièrent des propriétés pouzzolaniques et peuvent être utilisés en tant qu'ajouts ou substituts au ciment. Ceci peut faire de la technologie des bétons une voie privilégiée pour leur valorisation.La présente étude vise à apporter une contribution à la valorisation de la vase traitée du barrage de Chorfa et de Fergoug, (situé à l'ouest algérien) en tant que substitut minéral partiel au ciment CPA CEMI 42.5 dans la composition des mortiers et des bétons autoplaçants. Il s'agit de comparer l'influence de l'incorporation de cette vase calcinée à celle de la pouzzolane naturelle de Béni-Saf (situé, également à l'ouest algérien) dans les BAP sur leurs caractéristiques physico-mécaniques et sur leur durabilité à court, moyen et long terme.L'étude est menée sur quatre BAP, le premier à base de 20 % de pouzzolane naturelle de Béni-Saf (BAP-PZ), le deuxième et le troisième incorporant 20 % de la vase calcinée issue des sédiments de dragage du barrage de Fergoug (BAP-VF) et de celui de Chorfa (BAP-VC) et enfin un BAP témoin sans ajouts pour le besoin de comparaison.Outre l'intérêt économique que présentent les BAP à base de la vase calcinée, notre étude a montré que ces derniers représentent des performances très comparables à celles obtenues sur des BAP à base de pouzzolane naturelle (BAP-PZ).En effet, Concernant les résistances à la compression, notre étude indiquent que les BAP à base de vase ((BAP-VC) et (BAP-VF)) présentent les meilleurs résultats notamment à long terme.Les résultats des essais de l'attaque acide (HCl et H2SO4), l'attaque sulfatique (Na2SO4 et MgSO4) et de carbonatation accélérée, montrent que la vase calcinée a une influence sensiblement meilleure que celle de la pouzzolane sur les propriétés physico-mécaniques et la durabilité des bétons dans lesquels elle est incorporée.Mots clés : Barrage de Chorfa - Barrage de Fergoug –Vase calcinée – pouzzolane – BAP à base de vase – BAP à base de pouzzolane – Résistances mécaniques –Durabilité. / AbstractBecause of the specificities of self-compacting concrete (SCC), especially regarding their high volume paste content and the presence of large amounts of mineral admixtures and substitutes, the behavior in fresh and hardened state and the durability of these concretes are strongly influenced by these two parameters.Some treated sediments acquire pozzolanic properties and can be used as additions orsubstitutes to the cement. This possibility makes of concrete technology a privileged way of enhancement.The present study aims to contribute to the enhancement of the treated mud of Chorfa and Fergoug dam (situated in west of Algeria) as a mineral partial substitute for CPA CEMI 42.5 cement in the composition of an economic and preferment mortars and self-compacting concretes. The aim is to compare the influence of the incorporation of this calcined mud to the natural pozzolana of Beni Saf (situated, also in west of Algeria) in (SCC) on their physical, mechanical behavior and their durability of these concretes in short, medium and long term.The study was conducted on four SCCs, the first based on 20% natural pozzolana Beni Saf (SCC-PZ), the second based on 20% of the calcined mud of Fergoug dam (SCC-VF) and of Chorfa dam (SCC-VC) and a control SCC without additions to the need for comparison .Apart from the economic interest of the SCCs based on calcined mud, our study showed that these concretes have comparable performances to that obtained on SCC based on natural pozzolana (SCC-PZ).In fact, concerning compressive strengths, our study indicate that the SCC with calcined mud ((SCC-VC) and (SCC-VF)) present the best results especially at long termThe results of the different following tests: the acid attack (HCl and H2SO4), carbonation and sulphate attack (Na2SO4 and MgSO4) show that the calcined mud has an influence roughly better than the natural pozzolana on the physic - mechanical behavior and durability of the SCC which it is incorporated.Key words: Dam of Chorfa – Dam of Fergoug – Calcined mud – Pozzolana – SCCcontaining mud - SCC containing pozzolana – Mechanical strength –Durability.
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Avaliação das propriedades pozolânicas de um resíduo de cerâmica vermelha para emprego como material cimentício suplementarHansen, Débora Magali 30 March 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / A destinação final ambientalmente adequada para os resíduos sólidos industriais é uma problemática que veio ganhando maior importância ao longo dos anos. O setor da construção civil consome grandes quantidades de insumos, gerando paralelamente grandes quantidades de resíduos. Quando o assunto é reciclagem de resíduos industriais, o setor da construção civil exerce um papel importante, reciclando resíduos de diversos setores da economia. Tendo em vista a existência do polo cerâmico no Rio Grande do Sul, e totalidade de resíduos de cerâmica vermelha (RCV) resultante desse polo, buscou-se através deste estudo, verificar qual é o percentual de geração de RCV em uma empresa específica, devido a grande variabilidade dos dados apresentados pela literatura. E em paralelo buscou-se avaliar o potencial pozolânico do RCV e comparar o seu desempenho com o metacaulim, material já consagrado como pozolana. Os aglomerantes (cimento CP II-F-32, Ca(OH)2 – P.A., CH-I) e os materiais pozolânicos (RCV e metacaulim) empregados na pesquisa foram caracterizados quimicamente por ensaios de fluorescência de raios X (FRX) e Perda ao Fogo (PF), mineralogicamente por ensaios de difração de raios X (DRX) e fisicamente por ensaios de, granulometria a laser, massa específica e área superficial específica (BET). Além disso, o RCV e o metacaulim foram submetidos a ensaios para determinação do teor de umidade e finura. Para avaliar a atividade pozolânica do RCV e comparar seu desempenho ao metacaulim foram realizados ensaios de condutividade elétrica, termogravimetria e ensaios de resistência à compressão, orientados pelas NBR 5752:2014, NBR 5751:2015 e NBR 15894:2010. Mediante os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que o percentual de geração de RCV na empresa objeto de estudo, com os ensaios de caracterização foi possível verificar que o RCV atende aos requisitos químicos estabelecidos pela NBR 12653:2014. O procedimento de moagem conferiu ao RCV uma granulometria adequada para uso como pozolona. Quanto a atividade pozolânica, verificou-se que o RCV atendeu ao requisito da NBR 12653:2014, no que diz respeito à resistência com o aglomerante Ca(OH)2 P.A., já quando ensaiado com o aglomerante CH-I, o RCV apresentou resistência à compressão consideravelmente superior ao metacaulim. Já nas argamassas moldadas com cimento, o RCV não atingiu o índice de atividade pozolânica (IAP) exigido na NBR 12653:2014, impedindo sua classificação como material pozolânico. Nas argamassas ensaiadas sob as prescrições da NBR 15894:2010, contendo 15% de substituição do cimento pelo RCV, os resultados de resistência à compressão não apresentaram diferenças significativas em relação às argamassas referência, apontando indícios de melhor desempenho em menores teores de substituição. As análises térmicas evidenciaram o consumo de Ca(OH)2 das pastas. As pastas formuladas com 25% de substituição do cimento por metacaulim apresentaram maior consumo de Ca(OH)2 em relação as pastas formuladas com 25% de RCV, evidenciando a atividade pozolânica dos materiais. / The final destination environmentally suitable for industrial solid waste is a problem that came gaining more importance over the years. The construction industry consumes large amounts of supplies, generating parallel large quantities of waste. When it comes to recycling of industrial waste, the construction sector plays an important role, recycling waste from various sectors of the economy. Considering the existence of the ceramic polo at the Rio Grande do Sul, and all red ceramic waste (RCV) resulting from this pole, we sought through this study, find what is the percentage of RCV generation in a specific company due the great variability of the data presented in the literature. And in parallel we sought to evaluate the potential of pozzolan RCV and compare their performance with metakaolin, material already recognized as pozzolan. The binder (cement CP II-F-32, Ca(OH)2 – P.A., CH-I) and pozzolanic materials (RCV and metakaolin) employed in the study were chemically characterized by X-ray fluorescence assays (XRF) and Loss Fire (PF), mineralogically by testing X-ray diffraction (XRD) and physically by tests of laser granulometry, specific gravity and specific surface area (BET). Furthermore, the RCV and metakaolin were subjected to tests for determination of humidity content and fineness. To evaluate the pozzolanic activity of the RCV and compare its performance to metakaolin were performed electrical conductivity tests, thermogravimetry and compressive strength tests, guided by the NBR 5752:2014, NBR 5751:2015 and NBR 15894:2010. From the results obtained, found to the percentage of RCV generation in study subject company with the characterization tests it was verified that the RCV meets chemical requirements of the NBR 12653:2014. The grinding procedure gave the RCV adequate particle size for use as pozolona. As the pozzolanic activity, it was found that the RCV met requirement the NBR 12653:2014 with regard to resistance to Ca(OH)2 P.A. agglomerating, since when tested with CH-I agglomerating, the RCV showed compression resistance the considerably higher than metakaolin. Already in the cast with cement mortar, the RCV has not reached the pozzolanic activity index (IAP) required in NBR 12653:2014 preventing classification as pozzolanic material. In mortars tested under the requirements of NBR 15894:2010, containing 15% replacement of cement by RCV, the compressive strength results showed no significant differences from the reference mortar, indicating better performance indications in lower replacement levels. The thermal analysis showed the consumption of Ca(OH)2 pastes. The pastes formulated with 25% of the cement replaced by metakaolin showed increased consumption of Ca(OH)2 relative pastes formulated with 25% RCV, showing the pozzolanic activity of the materials.
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