This thesis articulates the philosophy of The New School of Dawson College, an alternative pre-university Arts programme in a community college in Montreal. The roots of The New School's philosophy are examined and critiqued in the works of: Dewey, the existentialists, popular educational critics of the 1960s, Maslow, Rogers, the humanistic and "Values" educators, Kozol, Freire, Aronowitz, Giroux and feminist educational theorists. / The thesis focuses, however, on the dialectical relationship between theory and praxis in the development of educational philosophy. It describes the process by which various elements to be found in the works of these educational philosophers are tested by and integrated into the pedagogy of the school, contributing to its educational philosophy of Critical Humanism. / This thesis combines philosophical analysis with concrete examples of a praxis which is informed by and, in turn, informs educational theory.

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In this dissertation, I will examine the conceptions of philosophy of the 19th and 20th Century thinkers Félix Ravaisson, Henri Bergson, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and their implications for contemporary theories of religious ethics and philosophical practice, especially that of Pierre Hadot. In doing so, I will elucidate their understanding of both the goals of philosophical practice and the means by which they are achieved, focusing in particular on the importance of the body in their respective theories of philosophical practice. Specifically, I argue that Ravaisson, Bergson, and Merleau-Ponty’s theories of philosophical practice are grounded in an understanding of habit as a dynamic process of producing and transforming bodily dispositions that problematizes distinctions between self and world and limits attempts to achieve conscious self-mastery. As a result, their work calls into question the extent to which self-conscious cultivation of intellectual and bodily habits that conform to an ideal self-conception is either possible or desirable, and instead affirms a conception of philosophical practice as what I term “indefinite self-cultivation.” In chapter one, I examine Félix Ravaisson’s conception of philosophical practice in relationship to his theory of habit, which he claims originates as a principle of desire that gives rise to bodily spontaneity. This theory of habit underlies a conception of philosophical practice as imitation of models of ideal conduct through which habits of inventive conduct that outstrip capacities for rational deliberation are produced. In chapter two, I contrast Ravaisson’s conception of habit with Henri Bergson’s, who regards habit as a form of bodily memory that produces automaticity. Philosophical practice for Bergson resists the effects of habit on thought and action by engaging in philosophical intuition, an application of mental effort to processes of change and movement that generates new ideas and new forms of life. In chapter three, I examine Merleau-Ponty’s intermediate position between these theories of habit, and his argument that the fluid nature of habituation as a process of social interaction makes living according to a determinate way of life possible only at the risk of doing violence to oneself. For Merleau-Ponty, philosophy entails critical practice of interrogating and expressing affects and immediate responses to events that serves as a way to question consciously-held values and uncover new personal and social possibilities. Finally, in chapter four, I conceptualize Ravaisson, Bergson, and Merleau-Ponty’s theories of philosophical practice as forms of indefinite self-transformation by putting their work in critical conversation with Pierre Hadot’s theory of philosophy as a way of life.

Thesis--Freiburg im Breisgau. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 166-176).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T11:52:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-28Bitstream added on 2015-03-03T12:07:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000809531.pdf: 1213849 bytes, checksum: 14446aa84d31fcc07ce650263939750c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho buscou compreender as relações históricas da produção do conhecimento, analisando o predomínio ora da objetividade, ora da subjetividade regidas, pelos modos de produção, no processo de elaboração do conhecimento pela humanidade. Constatou que, devido às reflexões de Marx, foi possível enxergar a possibilidade de uma síntese entre subjetividade e objetividade com a predominância desta. Esta síntese é dada na categoria trabalho, entendida como ato originário do ser social. A partir dela, ao compreendermos a aula como práxis educativa ou atividade educativa, derivada das necessidades do trabalho, vimos a possibilidade de estudá-la a partir da relação dos elementos constitutivos do trabalho. Com esta relação, apresentamos a proposta de Arnoni (2014) para um Planejamento Processual da aula como uma proposta de direcionar a educação no sentido da emancipação humana / This study aimed to understand the historical relations of knowledge production, analyzing the prevalence of objectivity sometimes prays subjectivity governed by the modes of production in the knowledge elaboration process for humanity. Noted that due to the reflections of Marx was possible to see the possibility of a synthesis between subjectivity and objectivity with the predominance of this. This synthesis has given in the work category, understood as originating act of social being. From it, to understand the lesson as educational praxis or educational activity, derived from the needs of the work, we saw a chance to study it from the ratio of the constituent elements of the work. With this relationship, we present the proposed Arnoni (2014) for a Process Planning class as a proposal to direct education towards human emancipation

Orientador: Maria Eliza Brefere Arnoni / Banca: Edilson Moreira de Oliveira / Banca: Carina Alves da Silva Darcoleto / Resumo: Este trabalho buscou compreender as relações históricas da produção do conhecimento, analisando o predomínio ora da objetividade, ora da subjetividade regidas, pelos modos de produção, no processo de elaboração do conhecimento pela humanidade. Constatou que, devido às reflexões de Marx, foi possível enxergar a possibilidade de uma síntese entre subjetividade e objetividade com a predominância desta. Esta síntese é dada na categoria trabalho, entendida como ato originário do ser social. A partir dela, ao compreendermos a aula como práxis educativa ou atividade educativa, derivada das necessidades do trabalho, vimos a possibilidade de estudá-la a partir da relação dos elementos constitutivos do trabalho. Com esta relação, apresentamos a proposta de Arnoni (2014) para um Planejamento Processual da aula como uma proposta de direcionar a educação no sentido da emancipação humana / Abstract: This study aimed to understand the historical relations of knowledge production, analyzing the prevalence of objectivity sometimes prays subjectivity governed by the modes of production in the knowledge elaboration process for humanity. Noted that due to the reflections of Marx was possible to see the possibility of a synthesis between subjectivity and objectivity with the predominance of this. This synthesis has given in the work category, understood as originating act of social being. From it, to understand the lesson as educational praxis or educational activity, derived from the needs of the work, we saw a chance to study it from the ratio of the constituent elements of the work. With this relationship, we present the proposed Arnoni (2014) for a Process Planning class as a proposal to direct education towards human emancipation / Mestre

Orientador: Marcio Bilharinho Naves / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T02:57:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_TatianaFonseca_D.pdf: 1270096 bytes, checksum: 342bd84be7b6724b28c9d587a240e783 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Analisamos o contexto histórico em que nasceu a ¿filosofia da práxis¿ de Antonio Gramsci nos Cadernos do cárcere e a própria compreensão, na sua dimensão atual e nos seus limites, sobre história, economia, ciência, ideologia e política, intrínseca a sua concepção de mundo, ao seu marxismo. Consideramos para esse fim a importante influência científico-filosófica de Antonio Labriola, Georges Sorel, Benedetto Croce e Giovanni Gentile. Não isentamos da totalidade da discussão sobre o pensamento do autor sardo, e da construção de sua ética-política, a fundamental ascendência teórica de Nicolai Lênin e Rosa Luxemburgo, dentre outros autores. Conferimos também a oposição gramsciana ao materialismo vulgar, mecanicista, da II Internacional e, especialmente, ao marxismo de Nicolai Bukhárin, um movimento de idéias, que tem como epicentro o conceito de hegemonia, determinante para a configuração geral da teoria do comunista italiano / Abstract: It is the analised the historical context in which the ¿praxis philosophy¿ was born in Antonio Gramsci¿s Prison Notebooks, but also the comprehension itself, in its outstanding dimension and limits, of history, economy, science, ideology and politics connected to its Marxist world conception. With this aim in mind, the important scientific and philosophic influence of Antonio Labriola, Georges Sorel, Benedetto Croce and Giovanni Gentile will be considered. What will not be exempt from the totality of the discussion about the thought of the Sardinian author and the construction of his ethical politics, will be the fundamental theoretical ascendance of Nicolai Lênin and Rosa Luxemburgo, among other writers. The thesis will also analyse Gramsci¿s opposition to the vulgar and mechanicist materialism of the Second International, and specially to Nicolai Bukhárin¿s Marxism, a movement of ideas has as its epicenter the concept of hegemony, a determining factor to the general configuration of the theory of the Italian communist / Doutorado / Sociologia / Doutor em Sociologia

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-01-19T10:47:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Celso Eduardo Mendes Gonçalves.pdf: 851987 bytes, checksum: c4df8a282e4d2fdea144946fff4655dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-19T10:47:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Celso Eduardo Mendes Gonçalves.pdf: 851987 bytes, checksum: c4df8a282e4d2fdea144946fff4655dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / After situating Vico in the Naples of his time and in relation to the questions of modern rationality, as well as carrying out an exercise of philosophical reflection seeking the understanding of the worldview of Vico, this piece of work aims at making explicit the ethic that underlies his work as an ethic of teleological character which privileges the practical life, evidencing a concern for what man can and should do of himself, notwithstanding the guardianship of a divine providence in a cyclical history. However, within the advent of the "age of men," it is verified a process of unfoldment of the human nature in which the development of the individual starts to dictate the development of the community; at the same time, the predominance of abstract rationality dissociated from other human faculties – such as imagination – leads to a preponderant literality in the interpretation of mythology, which pervades the doctrines of religions, moving man away from piety, with the consequent loss of both social cohesion and the human sense of the world. Hence, man decays in the age of the gods, submitting himself to heteronomy in the face of the eternal ideal history. It is identified with the present thesis, therefore, the "master key" indicated by the Napolitan himself with the imagination that underlies poetic wisdom, the application of this interpretative key of the method of his work – the new critical art – is extended to the solution of the pretended paradox between the autonomy and the aimed happiness by a teleological ethic and the cyclical repetition of the eternal ideal history / Após situar Vico na Nápoles de seu tempo e em relação às questões da racionalidade moderna, e realizar um exercício de reflexão filosófica para a compreensão da cosmovisão viquiana, objetiva-se explicitar a ética que subjaz em sua obra como uma ética de caráter teleológico e que privilegia a vida prática, evidenciando uma preocupação para com o que o homem pode e deve fazer de si mesmo, nada obstante a tutela de uma providência divina numa história cíclica. Entretanto, no advento da “idade dos homens”, verifica-se um processo de desdobramento da natureza humana em que o desenvolvimento do indivíduo passa a ditar o desenvolvimento da comunidade; ao mesmo tempo, a predominância da racionalidade abstrata dissociada de outras faculdades humanas, como a imaginação, conduz a uma literalidade preponderante na interpretação da mitologia, que pervade as doutrinas das religiões, afastando o homem da piedade, com a consequente perda da coesão social e perda do sentido humano do mundo. Daí, o homem decai na idade dos deuses, submetendo-se à heteronomia face a história ideal eterna. Identifica-se com a presente tese, então, a “chave mestra” indicada pelo próprio Napolitano com a imaginação que fundamenta a sabedoria poética, estende-se a aplicação dessa chave interpretativa do método de sua obra – a nova arte crítica – para a solução do pretenso paradoxo entre a autonomia e a felicidade objetivada por uma ética teleológica e a repetição cíclica da história ideal eterna