En prenant particulièrement appui sur le cas de la cité de maisons préfabriquées du Merlan à Noisy-le-Sec, cette thèse élabore une critique du processus de patrimonialisation. Elle en met en évidence les enjeux sociaux, architecturaux et historiques. La nature singulière des petites constructions de la cité qui date de la Reconstruction, amène à interroger les termes mêmes sous lesquels elles sont aujourd'hui considérées : s'agit-il d'un monument à considérer comme un ensemble ou de monuments historiques divers ? D'un patrimoine ou de patrimoines ? Le quartier, par son histoire et ses spécificités, oblige à reconsidérer des termes dont la définition, pour commune qu'elle semble, ne va pas sans histoire ni problèmes. La thèse l'établit à un certain niveau de généralité en évoquant d'autres cas, plus ou moins proches de ceux de la cité. Le but est d'esquisser des propositions qui tiennent compte du caractère habité, hier comme aujourd'hui, des cas considérés. Il s'agit d'abord de proposer des concepts aptes à déplacer le champ des perspectives et polémiques classiques (préserver, conserver, restaurer) : ceux de «traduction» et de «mises en récits». Il s'agit ensuite d'éprouver, de réaliser ou de mettre en œuvre ces concepts en mettant en jeu les techniques du «web-documentaire». L'objectif est d'exposer une forme alternative de recherche, théorique et pratique, susceptible de permettre à un public élargi de s'interroger sur la mémoire des lieux. Le travail concerne ainsi le design qu'il envisage lui-même comme élément méthodologique de recherche. / Focusing on the case of the prefabricated houses in the cité of Merlan in Noisy-le-Sec, this PhD analyses the process of patriomonialisation or cultural heritage. It underlines its social, architectural and historical aspects. The singularity of the small buildings of the cité which date back to the Reconstruction period makes us wonder about the terms to be used to refer to it: is it a monument on its own or a set or various historical monuments? Should we talk about a heritage or heritages in that case? Because of its history and specificities, the neighbourhood forces us to reconsider the definitions of supposedly-familiar words. This thesis aims at developing these definitions to a certain level of generality also using other cases, quite similar to those of the cité. The purpose is to suggest projects that take into account the fact that these buildings were lived in in the past and are still lived in today. First, it proposes some concepts able to move the perspectives and the conventional controversy (preserve, conserve, restore): those of "translating" and "putting into stories". Then it experiments, realizes and implements these concepts on a practical level by using "web-documentary" techniques. The aim is to expose an alternative research form, both theoretical and practical, potentially enabling a wider audience to question the memory of places. This work involves design and considers it a methodological research element.

Pesquisas relacionadas ao radônio são necessárias devido ao potencial carcinogênico dessde gás, e os limites de referência são objeto de recomendações. Neste estudo, foram medidas concentrações de radônio no interior e no exterior de duas casas pré-fabricadas, contruídas em um ambiente experimental, na UTFPR/Ecoville. Uma das casas foi construída com materiais da República Tcheca (1) e a outra (2) com materiais do Brasil. Para tal, detectores CR-39 foram usados. A concentração média para a casa (1) foi de 10,1±1,3 Bq/m³, para a casa (2) foi de 7,8±1,1 Bq/m³ e para o exterior foi de 11,5±2,9 Bq/m³. Os valores ficaram abaixo de 300 Bq/m³, então, nenhuma medida mitigadora se fez necessária. Além disso, foram feitas medidas do número de traços de partículas alfa advindas de corpos de prova de pasta de cimento comum e com adição de areia com alta atividade de radônio, com o intuito de identificar o valor da camada emissora. Para os corpos de prova de pasta de cimento comum, de espessuras de 1,5, 2,6, 3,8 e 4,6 cm, o número de traços foi de 762±25, 799±51, 814±31, 791±45 e 798±27, respectivamente. A análise mostrou que não há diferença estatística entre os dados, o que indica que a espessura de 1,5 cm já se configura como um limite para a exalação de radônio. Já para os corpos de prova de areia ativa, de espessuras 1,4, 2,3, 2,9, 3,5 e 4,2 cm, o número de traços doi de 380±18, 322±15, 298±5, 548±25 e 446±83, respectivamente. Em uma análise geral, concluiu-se que não há aumento expressivo da exalação com o aumento da espessura, de maneira que a espessura de 1,4 cm já se configura como um limite para a exalação de radônio. Com o objetivo de se determinar a concentração de radônio exalada pelos corpos de prova feitos de pasta de cimento comum e de areia ativa, foram analisados corpos de prova em frascos nos quais o equilíbrio secular já havia ocorrido. Os resultados mostraram que, para os corpos de prova de pasta de cimento comum, os valores não configuram um crescimento expressivo. Já para os corpos de prova com alta atividade de radônio, verificou-se um aumento na exalação com aumento da espessura. Para determinar qual a contribuição das concentrações indoor, foi realizada a medição do fluxo de exalação de radônio. Os resultados extrapolados para um cômodo padrão variaram de 15 a 60 Bq/m³. Essa contribuição pode ser considerada expressiva, mas não preocupante, de forma que os resultados foram considerados próximos da normalidade. / Radon-related research is required because of the carcinogenic potential of this gas, and the reference limits are subject of recommendations. For this research, radon concentrations were measured inside and outside of two prefabricated houses, built in an experimental environment, in UTFPR/Ecoville. One of these houses was built with building materials from the Czech Republic (1) and the other (2) with materials from Brazil. Whith this proposal, 40 CR-39 detectors were used. The average concentration for house (1) was 10,1±1,3 Bq/m³, for house (2) was 7,8±1,1 Bq/m³ and for the exterior was 11,5±2,9 Bq/m³. The values obtained were below 300 Bq/m³, thus, no mitigating measures were necessary. Besides, measurements were made of the number of thacks of alpha particles coming from common cement paste samples and from sand with high radon activity samples in order to identify the value of the emitting layer. For common cement paste samples of 1.5, 2.6, 3.8 and 4.6 cm of thickness, the number os tracks was 762±25, 799±51, 814±31, 791±45 e 798±27, respectively. The analysis showed that there ir no statistical difference between the data, which indicates that the thickness of 1.5 cm is already configured as a limit for a randon exhalation. For the active sand samples of 1.4, 2.3, 2.9, 3.5 and 4.2 cm, the number of tracks was 380±18, 322±15, 298±5, 548±25 e 446±83, respectively. In a general analysis, it was concluded that there is no expressive increase of the exhalation with the increase of the thickness, só that the thickness of 1.4 cm is already configured as a limit for the exhalation of radon. In order to determine the concentration of radon exhaled by the samples made of common cement past and active sand, were analyzed samples in flasks where the secular equilibrium had already occured. The results showed that, for common cement past samples, the values do not represent and expressive growth. However, for the test samples with high radon activity and increase in the concentration with increasing the thickness was observed. To determine the contribution of the concentrations in an indoor environment, radon exhalation flux measurement was performed. These results were extrapolated to the standard room and varies from 15 to 60 Bq/m³. This contribution can be considered expressive, but not of concern, só the results were considered close to normality.