The usage of puppets in nursery school In its theoretical part, my diploma thesis presents the preschool-age children's game and focuses on its object and the perception of the puppet as a toy. It approaches the theory and function of the puppet from its educational point of view. Further, it points to various methods of their usage and to the relation between the teacher and a puppet. In the conclusion, it includes some suggestions to make simple puppets. Next part of this work results from the research on the relation between children and puppets within the educational process in nursery school. It approximates children's displays towards the puppet and their ability to distinguish between the puppet and the teacher. Further, it is supplemented with the research on different methods of using the puppets and the experience within the pedagogues' practice. Key words: Marionette theatre, puppets, a preschool-age child, nursery school, the education of a preschool-age child, game, the object of the game

The work deals with the separation of a child when entering kindergarten and aims to describe the symptoms of a child who is separated from his parents. First, we define the concept of preschool age, and then it is characterized in terms of developmental psychology, which is investigated further by the socialization of the child. Other chapters describe pre-school education and kindergarten as an institution and of course the very notion of separation. The subchapters deal with the connection, the actual separation, the fear of separation, the child's behavior and how the parents or the child's homeroom teacher can help in this process. The research is devoted to case studies and seeks a way to answer the main research question: How does a child express itself during separation? The knowledge we gain through participant observation of one boy and indepth semi-structured interviews with his mother.

Diploma Thesis Evaluation of the vocabulary in pre-school children with specific language impairment mainly deals with the diagnosis of the specific language impairment. Theoretical part is the analysis of the available literature. It deals with the characteristics of preschool age, speech development and diagnosis of specific language impairment. The Case study compares the active and passive vocabulary of children without any disability and children with specific language impairment. Keywords: Preschool child, specific langure impairment, diagnosis, speech development, vocabulary

The thesis is dedicated to stimulations programs for preschool children and children with postponed schooling. The work is divided into five chapters. The first few chapters are focused on the information which is necessary for understanding the topic. These are about a psychological definition of pre-school age, as well as the issue of entering into a school, followed by a chapter about diagnostics, which usually come before the stimulation. Another chapter is focused on the actual stimulations programs, it contains their theoretical description, but also the information needed to create them. In the fifth chapter, an example of stimulation program was created. Its functionality is supported by the observations at the beginning of the program and during the program. The aim is to make a guide about creating of stimulation programs in the frame of the preschool preparation.

This thesis focuses on thinking and reasoning in preschool children in the mathematical education and deals with the development of thinking in this group. This thesis is based on the fact that preschool education is indispensable. The theoretical part is focused on development, stimulate thinking and types of preschool age child. The practical part is to stimulate thinking processes reduced to thinking and reasoning, or the possibility of stimulation in the form of worksheets. This thesis presents thirteen original worksheets, whose suitability was tested on twenty children aged 5-6 years in one kindergarten.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-03-08T13:30:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) PDF - Carolina Pereira da Cunha Sousa.pdf: 1721057 bytes, checksum: 5c0644b98cdee15ee6787a26a4316df8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-04-12T17:25:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) PDF - Carolina Pereira da Cunha Sousa.pdf: 1721057 bytes, checksum: 5c0644b98cdee15ee6787a26a4316df8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-12T17:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) PDF - Carolina Pereira da Cunha Sousa.pdf: 1721057 bytes, checksum: 5c0644b98cdee15ee6787a26a4316df8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Introduction: The body image is directly associated to issues related to body weight, to eating disorder and to quality of life provided by the corporal satisfaction. The plausibility of the relation between the nutritional status and the body image is justified by the classification of the first as a gold standard and the second as an event vulnerable to distortion. Objectives: To evaluate corporal self-perception in schoolchildren who attend the public education system of the city of Campina Grande and to examine the relation with sex, age and the Body Mass Index/Age and to ascertain the concordance between the nutritional status noticed by the mother and the diagnosed in preschool children. Material and methods: Two studies with independent methodologies were performed in order to reach both prefixed objectives. The first one was a cross-sectional study performed with 1081 schoolchildren aged between 5 and 10 years. The nutritional status of the children was estimated by the BMI. The corporal perception was evaluated considering the sight, the satisfaction and the corporal idealization based on the Children’s Body Image Scale created by Truby and Paxton. The second one was a prospective cohort study conducted in day care centers with 269 children younger than 5 years. The infant nutritional status was expressed by means of the Z-score of weight/stature at two different moments within a year. The maternal perception of the nutritional status was obtained at the second observation, by asking the mother her perception about the weight of the child. The agreement between the maternal perception of the nutritional status of the child and the diagnostic criteria of the WHO was obtained by means of the weighted kappa test, at a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: In the study with the schoolchildren, the level of corporal dissatisfaction among them was of 86%. It was observed that 75.9% of the overweight children and 73.7% of the obese ones perceive themselves slimmer. About 94.7% of the overweight students, 98% of the obese ones and 41.8% of the eutrophic ones indicated they would like to be slimmer, whilst 83.3% of the malnourished wished to be fatter. The most distorted view of the body was verified among the older children and the boys. For the corporal satisfaction, significant differences were found according to the BMI. Regarding the corporal idealization, the biggest discrepancy was observed among the older schoolchildren. The work developed with children younger than 5 years pointed out the discordance between the maternal perception and the reference from the WHO being of 32.7%, with kappa of 0.122, considered negligible. A concordance between the maternal perception and the reference from the WHO was observed for the children diagnosed with overweight, regardless of gender and age bracket, with a moderated concordance between the girls and the children aged between 36 and 59 months. Conclusions: The results of this paper indicate a notableprevalence of body image distortion among schoolchildren, especially those who areoverweight, who see themselves slimmer, in addition to idealize a leaner figure and beingdissatisfied with their body. At the evaluation of children younger than 5 years, results pointout a concordance between the maternal perception and the diagnosed only on the cases with overweight children. Nevertheless, besides this relative congruence, a considerable percentageof the mothers who underestimate the overweight in their children is highlighted. It isconcluded, further, that the corporal perception may present specificities related to demographic variables and the real nutritional status. The importance of the findings alerts topublic policies and the health promotion. / Introdução: A imagem corporal associa-se diretamente às questões referentes ao peso corporal, aos transtornos alimentares e à qualidade de vida proporcionada pela satisfação corporal. A plausibilidade da relação entre o estado nutricional e a imagem corporal justificase pela classificação daquele como padrão ouro e deste como evento vulnerável à distorção. Objetivos: Avaliar a autopercepção corporal em escolares que frequentam a rede pública de ensino do município de Campina Grande e examinar a relação com o sexo, idade e Índice de Massa Corporal/Idade e verificar a concordância entre o estado nutricional percebido pela mãe e o diagnosticado em crianças pré-escolares. Material e métodos: Realizaram-se dois estudos com metodologias independentes para alcançar os dois objetivos antepostos. O primeiro foi um estudo transversal realizado com 1081 crianças escolares de 5 a 10 anos. O estado nutricional das crianças foi estimado pelo IMC. A percepção corporal foi avaliada considerando a visão, satisfação e idealização corporal com base na Escala Infantil de Imagem Corporal criada por Truby e Paxton. O segundo, foi um estudo de coorte prospectiva realizado em creches com 269 crianças menores de 5 anos. O estado nutricional infantil foi expresso por meio dos escores-Z de peso/estatura em dois momentos diferentes no período de um ano. A percepção materna do estado nutricional foi obtida na segunda observação, perguntando-se à mãe sua percepção sobre o peso da criança. A concordância entre a percepção materna do estado nutricional da criança e o critério diagnóstico da OMS foi obtida por meio do teste kappa ponderado, ao nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: No estudo com os escolares, o nível de insatisfação corporal entre os mesmos foi de 86%. Observou-se que 75,9% das crianças com sobrepeso e 73,7% das obesas percebem-se mais magras. Cerca de 94,7% dos escolares com sobrepeso, 98% dos obesos e 41,8% dos eutróficos demonstraram que gostariam de ser mais magros, enquanto 83,3% dos desnutridos desejavam ser mais gordos. A visão mais distorcida do corpo foi verificada nas crianças mais velhas e nos meninos. Para a satisfação corporal, diferenças significativas foram encontradas segundo o IMC. Quanto à idealização corporal, a maior discrepância foi observada entre escolares mais velhos. O trabalho desenvolvido com as crianças menores de 5 anos apontou prevalência de discordância entre a percepção materna e a referência da OMS de 32,7%, com kappa de 0,122, considerado desprezível. Observou-se concordância entre a percepção materna e a referência da OMS para as crianças diagnosticadas com sobrepeso, independente do sexo e da faixa etária, com concordância moderada entre as meninas e as crianças de 36-59 meses. Conclusões: Os resultados deste trabalho indicam prevalências expressivas de distorção da imagem corporal entre escolares, especialmente aqueles com excesso de peso, os quais se veem mais magros, além de idealizarem uma figura mais magra e estarem nsatisfeitos com seu corpo. Na avaliação de menores de 5 anos, os resultados apontam concordância entre a percepção materna e o diagnosticado apenas nos casos das crianças com sobrepeso. Contudo, apesar dessa relativa congruência, ressalta-se um percentual considerável de mães que subestimam o sobrepeso em seus filhos. Conclui-se, ainda, que a percepção corporal pode apresentar especificidades relacionadas a variáveis demográficas e do real estado nutricional. Ressalta-se a importância dos achados para as políticas públicas e a promoção da saúde

O objetivo deste estudo, de delineamento quase-experimental, foi investigar o desenvolvimento de habilidades motoras e o engajamento de crianças pré-escolares em diferentes contextos de jogo. Fizeram parte da investigação 71 crianças (40 meninos e 31 meninas), com idades entre 5 e 6 anos, que freqüentaram as turmas de Jardim de Infância da Associação da Creche de Braga, na cidade de Braga (Portugal), no ano 2005/2006. A partir de três classes intactas, foram sorteados dois grupos experimentais e um controle. Os participantes dos grupos experimentais beneficiaram-se de dois Programas de movimento distintos: um baseado no jogo livre (chamado Jogo livre em contexto enriquecido); e o outro, na combinação de exploração, jogo livre, jogo orientado e atividades dirigidas pela investigadora (denominado Jogo com orientação). Para a análise do desenvolvimento de habilidades motoras das crianças, foi aplicado o Test of Gross Motor Development – Second Edition (TGMD-2), de Ulrich (2000), antes e após o período interventivo. Para se averiguar o seu engajamento nos Programas de movimento, recorreu-se a uma análise qualitativa e quantitativa das habilidades avaliadas no TGMD-2, que foram realizadas pelas crianças durante as sessões. Ainda, examinou-se a associação entre o engajamento das crianças nos respectivos Programas de movimento e seus ganhos em habilidades. No que se refere ao desenvolvimento de habilidades motoras e ao engajamento, recorreu-se a testes não-paramétricos - Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney e/ou Kruskal-Wallis - para realizar comparações quanto aos grupos, aos gêneros e a crianças de diferentes níveis iniciais de habilidade; a associação entre o engajamento das crianças nos Programas de movimento e seus ganhos em habilidades foi verificada utilizando-se o Coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Os resultados evidenciaram que: a) a participação das crianças no Programa Jogo com orientação promoveu ganhos em seu desempenho motor, ao passo que mudanças não foram observadas nas que constituíram o grupo Jogo livre em contexto enriquecido, nem nas do Grupo Controle; b) quando da análise do desenvolvimento de habilidades motoras, de acordo com o gênero, constatou-se que, enquanto mudanças positivas foram verificadas tanto nos meninos como nas meninas do grupo Jogo com orientação, crianças de ambos os gêneros dos grupos Jogo livre em contexto enriquecido e Controle mantiveram seus níveis de desempenho entre os dois momentos de avaliação; c) de forma geral, as crianças menos habilidosas do grupo Jogo com orientação foram as que mais se beneficiaram do Programa, apresentando mudanças positivas no seu desempenho moto; já as mais habilidosas desse grupo, assim como as de diferentes níveis iniciais de habilidade dos grupos Jogo livre em contexto enriquecido e Controle, não apresentaram ganhos em seu desempenho; d) as crianças participantes do grupo Jogo com orientação apresentaram engajamento superior às do grupo Jogo livre em contexto enriquecido, durante as intervenções; e) gênero e nível inicial de habilidade não se configuraram variáveis decisivas para o engajamento das crianças em ambos os Programas de movimento; f) de forma geral, as crianças que demonstraram maior qualidade em sua prática ao longo dos Programas de movimentos foram as que mais progressos fizeram em suas habilidades / The purpose of this study, with a quasi-experimental design, was to investigate the motor skill development and the engagement of preschool children in different play environments. The participants were seventy-one children (40 boys and 31 girls), aged 5-6 yr, who attended the Kindergarten classes at the Associação da Creche de Braga, in the city of Braga (Portugal), during the year 2005/2006. From three intact classes, two experimental groups and a control group were chosen by lot. Participants in the experimental groups benefited from two distinct movement programs: one based on free play (called Free Play in Enriched Environment); and the other in the combination of exploration, free play, oriented play, and activities conducted by the researcher (referred to as Play with Orientation). For the analysis of motor skill development of children, the Test of Gross Motor Development – Second Edition (TGMD-2), by Ulrich (2000), was administered before and after the intervention period. For examining their engagement in the movement programs, a qualitative and quantitative analysis was done of the skills assessed in TGMD-2, which were performed by children during the sessions. Moreover, the association between children’s engagement in the respective movement programs and their gains in skills was examined. Concerning motor skill development and engagement, nonparametric tests – Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, and/or Kruskal-Wallis – were administered to do comparisons relative to groups, genders, and children of different initial skill levels; the association between children’s engagement in the movement programs and their gains in skills was verified using the Spearman Correlation Coefficient. Results evidenced that: a) the children participation in the Play with Orientation program brought gains in their motor development, whereas no changes were observed in those in the Free Play in Enriched Environment group, nor in those in Control Group; b) with the analysis of motor skill development, according to gender, it was verified that, while positive changes were observed both in boys and girls in the Play with Orientation group, children of both genders in the Free Play in Enriched Environment and Control groups maintained their development levels between the two moments of assessment; c) in general, the low-skilled children in x the Play with Orientation group were the most benefited from the program, presenting positive changes in their motor development. in contrast, neither the highskilled children in the same group nor those of different initial skill levels in the Free Play in Enriched Environment and Control groups presented gains in their development; d) during the interventions, children in the Play with Orientation group showed to be more engaged than those in the Free Play in Enriched Environment group; e) gender and initial skill level have not shown to be decisive variables for children’s engagement in both movement programs; f) in general, the children who demonstrated a higher quality in their practice during the movement programs were those who achieved more progresses in their skills.

Tema: Ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų saugumas namuose. Tikslas: Išanalizuoti ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų saugumą namuose. Tiriamieji: Tyrime dalyvavo 240 asmenų, kurių vaikai lanko ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigas Švenčionių rajone. Metodika: Pasirinkta atlikti kiekybinį tyrimą, kurio instrumentas – anketa, sudaryta iš 29 atvirų, pusiau atvirų ir uždarų klausimų. Atliekant tyrimą sudaryta atsitiktinė netikimybinė tyrimo imtis, apklausiant asmenis ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigose vykusio tėvų susirinkimo metu. Apklausa vykdyta 2014 m. sausio mėnesį. Tyrimo rezultatai: Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad tiek fiziniai, tiek psichologiniai veiksniai įtakoja vaikų saugumą namuose. Rizika ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikams patirti sužalojimus didėja gyvenamojoje zonoje, virtuvėje ir išorinėje aplinkoje. Pagrindinės priežastys, dėl kurių ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikai patiria sužalojimus gyvenamojoje zonoje, virtuvėje ir vonios kambaryje yra aplinkos nepritaikymas ir neatsargus pačių vaikų elgesys, išorinėje aplinkoje – konfliktai su kitais vaikais. Dauguma tėvų stengiasi pasirūpinti ir užtikrinti ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų saugumą namuose nepalikdami jų vienų namuose, o vieniems namuose paliekamiems vaikams didėja rizika patirti sužalojimus vonios kambaryje. Pagrindinėmis vienų namuose paliekamų ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų patiriamų sužalojimų priežastys yra aplinkos nepritaikymas ir neatsargus vaikų elgesys. Namuose su seneliais ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikai paliekami ženkliai dažniau nei su... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The theme: Preschool age Children Safety at Home. The objective: To analyze the preschool age children‘s safety at home. The subjects: This study involves 240 respondents who have child attending preschools in Švenčionys district. The methodology: It is the quantitative study which involves a questionnaire consisting of 29 opened, semi-opened and closed questions. Convenience nonprobability survey sample was concluded and the surveys was conducted on parents‘ meeting in prechools. The survey was carried out on January of 2014. The results: The study found that bouth physical and psychological factors has influence to children safety at home. The risk of injuries for preschool age children increases in living area, the kitchen or at the outside environment. The main reasons of preschool age children injuries that occur in the living area, the kitchen and the bathroom are poor adaptation of the environment and careless behavior of the children themselves. Injuries occurs at the external environment mostly because of conflicts with other children. Most parents try to take care and ensure the safety of preschool age children at home by avoiding to leave them alone at home and children who are left alone at home deals with higher risk of injuries in the bathroom. The main causes of injuries for one at home remained children are inadequate environmental adaptation and careless children behavior. Preschool aged children are remained at home significantly more often with... [to full text]

Fetale alkoholsindroom (FAS) is ‘n voortgaande probleem in Suid–Afrika, veral in die Wes–Kaap. Baie kinders met FAS word in pleegsorg geplaas vanweë hul ouers se drankmisbruik en onvermoë om die kinders te versorg. Daar is reeds baie navorsing gedoen in akademiese en sosiale omgewings oor die voorkoms en simptome van FAS. Minder is bekend oor die hanteringsbehoeftes by pleegouers van pleegkinders met FAS en derhalwe is dit die navorser se doelwit om navorsing te doen in hierdie veld. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die behoeftes wat pleegouers ondervind in die hantering van hul voorskoolse pleegkinders met FAS te verken en te beskryf. Die navorsingsvraag vir die studie lui soos volg: “Wat is pleegouers se hanteringsbehoeftes ten opsigte van hul voorskoolse pleegkinders met FAS?” Hierdie navorsingsvraag is aangespreek deur kwalitatiewe navorsing, en die studie kan geklassifiseer word as verkennende en beskrywende navorsing. Die navorser het vir die doel van hierdie studie gebruik maak van ‘n niewaarskynlikheidsteekproef deur middel van doelbewuste steekproefneming. Die navorser het 17 pleegouers, van twee gesinsorgorganisasies gewerf. Fokusgroeponderhoude binne twee fokusgroepe is benut om die hanteringsbehoeftes by pleegouers van voorskoolse pleegkinders met FAS te identifiseer. Die onderhoude is getranskribeer vir die doeleindes van dataanalisering en aan die hand van Creswell (2007) se stappe ontleed. Sewe temas is geïdentifiseer, naamlik (1) Dissiplinering van voorskoolse pleegkinders met FAS; (2) Hantering van gedrag van die voorskoolse pleegkind met FAS; (3) Ondersteuningsdienste aan pleegouers of pleegkinders; (4) Inligting of ondersteuning rondom FAS; (5) Verwerping van die voorskoolse pleegkind met FAS; (6) Emosionele impak van die voorskoolse pleegkind met FAS op die pleegouer; en laastens (7) Rol van die biologiese ouers van die voorskoolse pleegkind met FAS. Hierdie temas is in subtemas verdeel en aan die hand van toepaslike narratiewe uit die fokusgroepe bespreek en met literatuur gekontroleer. Gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings is na aanleiding daarvan gemaak. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Fetale alkoholsindroom (FAS) is ‘n voortgaande probleem in Suid–Afrika, veral in die Wes–Kaap. Baie kinders met FAS word in pleegsorg geplaas vanweë hul ouers se drankmisbruik en onvermoë om die kinders te versorg. Daar is reeds baie navorsing gedoen in akademiese en sosiale omgewings oor die voorkoms en simptome van FAS. Minder is bekend oor die hanteringsbehoeftes by pleegouers van pleegkinders met FAS en derhalwe is dit die navorser se doelwit om navorsing te doen in hierdie veld. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die behoeftes wat pleegouers ondervind in die hantering van hul voorskoolse pleegkinders met FAS te verken en te beskryf. Die navorsingsvraag vir die studie lui soos volg: “Wat is pleegouers se hanteringsbehoeftes ten opsigte van hul voorskoolse pleegkinders met FAS?” Hierdie navorsingsvraag is aangespreek deur kwalitatiewe navorsing, en die studie kan geklassifiseer word as verkennende en beskrywende navorsing. Die navorser het vir die doel van hierdie studie gebruik maak van ‘n niewaarskynlikheidsteekproef deur middel van doelbewuste steekproefneming. Die navorser het 17 pleegouers, van twee gesinsorgorganisasies gewerf. Fokusgroeponderhoude binne twee fokusgroepe is benut om die hanteringsbehoeftes by pleegouers van voorskoolse pleegkinders met FAS te identifiseer. Die onderhoude is getranskribeer vir die doeleindes van dataanalisering en aan die hand van Creswell (2007) se stappe ontleed. Sewe temas is geïdentifiseer, naamlik (1) Dissiplinering van voorskoolse pleegkinders met FAS; (2) Hantering van gedrag van die voorskoolse pleegkind met FAS; (3) Ondersteuningsdienste aan pleegouers of pleegkinders; (4) Inligting of ondersteuning rondom FAS; (5) Verwerping van die voorskoolse pleegkind met FAS; (6) Emosionele impak van die voorskoolse pleegkind met FAS op die pleegouer; en laastens (7) Rol van die biologiese ouers van die voorskoolse pleegkind met FAS. Hierdie temas is in subtemas verdeel en aan die hand van toepaslike narratiewe uit die fokusgroepe bespreek en met literatuur gekontroleer. Gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings is na aanleiding daarvan gemaak. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.