Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:56:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Homero de Oliveira Costa.pdf: 1361012 bytes, checksum: 3b433e579e98649e264620dbbd94b019 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-08 / This Study aims at analyzing electoral alienation, this is, white and null voting as well as voting abstention at Brazilian presidential elections from 1989 to 2002. The used methodology was data collecting in each state and region. Firstly, a review on international electoral bahavior studies, mainly from Europe, the United States and Latin America, was carried out showing that there is a growth one of the electoral alienation items, voting abstention. Is this chapter it will be shown some models and/or theories along with their respective explanations (Columbia and Michigan, theories on rational choice, social integration, etc.). It is observed that although the growth on voting abstention is a constitutive part of electoral behavior in most of those estudied countries there is no model and/or theory which would isolated explain this. Its should be taken into account in the analysis several factors as well as to establish differences not only among continentes as in Europe and Latin America. But no matter the differences among the countries what seems to go on worldwide is a political party crisis as well a political representation crisis which without this the electoral alienation can not be understood. In other words, this political representation has to be more widely considered within this crisis. Data on electoral alienation considering abstention as well as null and white voting also showed a disbelieving and a non-legitimacy of political parties. For the Brazilian context, the electoral behavior and the political party crisis as well as their political representation were analyzed by a pertinent literature review specifically the one postl964. Finally, at the results of each analyzed electoral year there is an introdution on the political-electoral context. Afterwards, data are shown using for each defined variable linear regression model by minimum square method. Conclusion shows that each HDI (Human Developing Index) and SEI (Social Exclusion Index) variables montly explain the null and white voting while territorial extension also mostly explains electoral abstention. However it was shown that isolated factors do not explain electoral alienation rating thus it is also needed to consider other factors such as the political context organization (more competing election consequentely lower electoral alienation rate) and the role od media within the respective electoral processes (wider broadcasting thus more participation and lower alienation rate) which are inserted in a more general view of the party crisis as well as the political representation / Esta tese tem por objetivo analisar a alienação eleitoral (votos brancos, nulos e abstenções) nas eleições presidenciais no Brasil de l989 a 2002. Nossa opção metodológica foi trabalhar com dados agregados, por estado e região, tendo como fonte os dados oficiais (Tribunal Superior Eleitoral). Para cumprir os objetivos do trabalho, dividimos em cinco capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, fizemos uma revisão da literatura internacional sobre comportamento eleitoral, especialmente em relação à Europa, trazendo alguns dados comparativos sobre os países, evidenciando que uma das questões importantes nesse estudo, pelo menos desde a década de l990, é o crescimento principalmente de um dos componentes da alienação eleitoral, que é a abstenção eleitoral. Inicialmente, apresentamos alguns modelos e/ou teorias (Columbia e Michigan, teoria da escolha racional, teoria da integração social etc), alguns dados comparativos entre países, que mostram como especialmente a abstenção eleitoral, tem crescido de forma significativa na maioria desses países. Procurei situar parte da literatura pertinente sobre o tema, com suas distintas interpretações. Apresentamos alguns estudos e dados também sobre a América Latina. No segundo capítulo, partimos do princípio que há uma crise dos partidos políticos e da representação política e que não se pode compreender a alienação eleitoral sem inseri-la no quadro mais geral da crise dos partidos políticos e da representação política, ou seja, os dados da alienação eleitoral, quer em termos de abstenção, quer em termos de votos nulos e brancos, também expressam uma descrença e deslegitimação dos partidos políticos. No terceiro e quarto capítulos, analisamos estas questões (comportamento eleitoral e crise dos partidos e da representação política) no Brasil, fazendo uma revisão da literatura pertinente, mais especificamente no pós l964. E finalmente o capítulo cinco em que apresentamos os resultados de nossa pesquisa. Para cada ano eleitoral analisado, fizemos uma introdução com dados sobre a conjuntura político-eleitoral, em seguida, apresentamos os dados, aplicando, para cada variável definida, o modelo de regressão linear pelo método dos mínimos quadrados. A conclusão é a de que as variáveis IDH (Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano) e IES (Índice de Exclusão Social), explicam em grande parte os votos nulos e brancos enquanto a Extensão territorial explica também em grande parte a abstenção eleitoral. No entanto, procuramos demonstrar que não são fatores isolados que explicam a taxa de alienação eleitoral Há de se considerar também outros fatores, como os de ordem político-conjuntural (eleições mais concorridas, com dois turnos têm maior participação eleitoral e, em conseqüência, menor taxa de alienação eleitoral); o papel da mídia nos respectivos processos eleitorais (maior cobertura, maior participação e menor taxa de alienação eleitoral), inseridos no quadro mais geral da crise dos partidos e da representação política

The direct election of the president is political, politological and also constitutional-legal topic which has already accompanied for many years. It appears always in connection with the presidential elections, but also as a part of the parliamentary election campaign. February 2012 interrupted the regularity and direct presidential election was approved. What this step will have impact on functioning of the Czech political system, will turn up in 2013 when the authority will take the first Czech president elected in direct elections. But the majority of constitutional lawyers and political scientists agree that the introduction of direct elections in the Czech Republic is not solving the existing problems, and therefore they express fears how the chase will affect the functioning of the system as a whole. Keywords: direct presidential elections, powers, legitimacy, political system, presidential campaign

In the 2004 Presidential Election social and wedge issues were among the most publicized mobilization tools utilized by the Bush Campaign. Specifically, same-sex marriage has been suggested as a key wedge issue that may have mobilized voters, although research differs on its impact. My contention is that these previous studies miss the point with regard to wedge issues, which is that they are useful on persuadable voters, and persuadable voters live in swing states. I estimate a logit model using 2004 American National Election Studies survey data. I utilize voters’ decisions to turn out as the dependent variable and control for respondents’ positions on terrorism, the economy, same-sex marriage, political interest, party identification, and socio-economic status. These findings demonstrate, consistent with my hypothesis, voters in swing same-sex marriage ballot measure states were more likely to turn out. These voters may not have been persuadable, but rather the Republican base.

In the 2004 Presidential Election social and wedge issues were among the most publicized mobilization tools utilized by the Bush Campaign. Specifically, same-sex marriage has been suggested as a key wedge issue that may have mobilized voters, although research differs on its impact. My contention is that these previous studies miss the point with regard to wedge issues, which is that they are useful on persuadable voters, and persuadable voters live in swing states. I estimate a logit model using 2004 American National Election Studies survey data. I utilize voters’ decisions to turn out as the dependent variable and control for respondents’ positions on terrorism, the economy, same-sex marriage, political interest, party identification, and socio-economic status. These findings demonstrate, consistent with my hypothesis, voters in swing same-sex marriage ballot measure states were more likely to turn out. These voters may not have been persuadable, but rather the Republican base.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:31:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pagina 1-55 Thybor Malusa.pdf: 548171 bytes, checksum: e3e39bbea731f0b7b05c03db9b0c5e73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-04 / This thesis aims, through quantitative and qualitative content analysis, to further our understating how Veja magazine covered Fernando Henrique Cardoso election in 1998, and how his public image was formed through its publications from June to October of that year, which Fernando Henrique was elected in the first round, analyzing whether the magazine Veja has given more credit to FHC rather than to his opponents. In order to increase the knowledge about the subject, we studied the world behind political propaganda, ideological and political marketing, and also the magazines historical ideological values. Thus, it was concluded that the magazine during the period analyzed, has published more articles on Fernando Henrique Cardoso rather than any presidential candidate in 1998, always considering him as the best to govern the country, that time. Any material published significantly strengthened FHCs influence on Veja s readers, which has favored him during the campaign. / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo, através da análise de conteúdo de naturezas quantitativa e qualitativa, verificar como a revista Veja fez a cobertura da campanha eleitoral de Fernando Henrique Cardoso, em 1998, bem como verificar de que forma se deu a construção da imagem pública do candidato FHC pela publicação no período de junho a outubro do referido ano, no qual Fernando Henrique foi reeleito em primeiro turno, analisando se Veja deu mais espaço para FHC do que para seus oponentes. Para ampliar o conhecimento em relação ao objeto, estudou-se o universo da propaganda política, ideológica e do marketing político, bem como se discutiu os valores ideológicos históricos da revista Veja. Com isso, verificou-se que Veja, no período analisado, publicou mais matérias sobre Fernando Henrique Cardoso do que qualquer outro candidato à presidência, em 1998, além de colocá-lo, quase sempre, como o mais bem preparado para continuar à frente da presidência da República, naquela época. As matérias publicadas, portanto, fortaleceram significativamente a imagem de FHC perante os leitores de Veja, favorecendo-o em relação a seus oponentes.

The presented diploma thesis on the topic Direct election of the President in the Czech media environment aims to clarify how the selected internet news portals (iDnes.cz, iRozhlas.cz, Novinky.cz, Blesk.cz) reported on the second rounds of the direct election of the head of state in years 2013 and 2018. The theoretical part of this work focuses on the definition of theoretical concepts, such as media image, media product or representation. It also deals with the factors of the enactment of the direct election of the president and the resulting impact on society. In the analytical part, articles from selected servers in a specific period will be examined with the help of quantitative content analysis, which should, among other things, clarify how the media decided to approach this new institution.

This thesis examines the measurable effects of changing cultural values on American presidential election year issues from 1972 to 2000. Topics discussed: the long-term shift in cultural values and their impact on political parties, party support, and political priorities. There is congruence between the content of the two major political party platforms from 1972-2000 and the cultural priorities of party supporters as defined by their presidential vote. This relationship also holds true for the 'most significant issue facing the nation' variable in the National Election Studies and presidential vote choice. These results are reproduced in a completely different data set of active political participants (follow the news closely, participate in political campaigns, vote consistently) assembled by Sydney Verba. Both political parties must contend with the tensions that arise from differing cultural priorities of their supporters. This applies both within the parties as they must assemble winning electoral coalitions and between the parties which have taken on the cultural and political priorities of their strongest supporters. As the cultural priorities of major political party supporters shift, so have their quadrennial party platforms. / Master of Arts

The purpose of this thesis is to reveal the slanderous rhetoric of the Federalist and Republican parties during the American presidential election of 1800. Both parties relied on newspapers, pamphlets, sermons, and songs to influence public opinion; however, newspapers were the most effective means of swaying the voters. Although the Federalists, led by John Adams and Alexander Hamilton, had almost twice as many partisan newspapers to disseminate their propaganda, the Republicans, under the leadership of Thomas Jefferson, had a much larger number of journals that were substantially more dogmatic in their denunciations. This advantage, coupled with internal Federalist crises, enabled the Republicans to be victorious at the polls. This study proves that the campaign of 1800 was one of the most libelous and rancorous in United States history.

Nowadays social networks have millions or some even billions of users who spend most of their free time there. Therefore there is no surprise that the potential impact on society becomes part of many experts research. According to some authors, social networks offer an opportunity for political participation especially for those who generally do not participate. Even politicians start to use these networks to mobilize voters. We can observe this new trend in the first direct presidential elections in the Czech Republic 2013, when some of the candidates tried to reach and mobilize voters through social networks. During presidential campaign 2012/2013, users could have participated in various political activities which enabled sharing political views. The aim of this paper is to determine the impact of using social networks during presidential elections, particularly using of Facebook, on interest in politics between users 18- 35 years. The diploma thesis focuses on the impact of Facebook because it is the most popular and used social network in the Czech Republic and also due to the fact that some experts argue that this social network played an important role in the presidential campaign. This paper will be based on quantitative research in form of a questionnaire survey, which was created on the...

L’abondante littérature existante sur la vie politique haïtienne, œuvres de propagande ou de réprobation des gouvernements, fait de l’histoire politique un lieu de règlement de compte, ce qui donne une allure de polémique passionnée aux textes de nos aînés. Avec cette thèse, nous rejoignons et nous contribuons au travail de quelques rares spécialistes, universitaires de sciences humaines et sociales, qui cherchent à renouveler l’histoire politique haïtienne. Étudier les mécanismes de la prise du pouvoir exécutif en Haïti, ce n’est pas seulement le fait de dénoncer des élections truquées, des coups d’État, des insurrections qualifiées à tort de révolution ; mais c’est surtout une volonté de montrer de nombreux efforts qui ont été faits pour instaurer un régime démocratique et moderniser la vie politique haïtienne. L’objectif du travail, c’est de montrer comment Haïti passait de l’acclamation du chef d’État aux insurrections, des armes aux bulletins de vote et aboutir au suffrage universel. / The Abundant literature on the Haitian political life, as works of propaganda or disapproval of the governments, fact of the political history a place of settling of score, which gives a pace to impassioned polemic concerning the written documents of the elder generation of historians. This thesis, join and contribute to the work of some rare social scientists, which seek to renew Haitian political history. Studying the mechanisms of the executive seizure of power in Haiti does not mean denouncing faked elections, putsch, revolts, that are wrongly qualified of revolution. But it especially concerns a will to show the efforts which were made to establish a democratic regime and to modernize the Haitian political life. The objective of this work is to explain how Haiti has passed from the acclamation of the Head of State to insurrections, from weapons to polls, and from polls to the vote for all.