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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

Biomechanical responses to seated full body tilt and their relationship to clinical application

Sonenblum, Sharon Eve 19 August 2009 (has links)
The overall goal of this research is to improve the use of seated tilt to increase function, health and quality of life for people using power wheelchairs. Specifically, the objective of this dissertation is to evaluate the biomechanical responses to seated full body tilt and their relationships to the actual use of tilt-in-space wheelchairs. In the first phase of this study, researchers remotely monitored how 45 fulltime power wheelchair users used their tilt-in-space systems. Participants spent an average of 12.1 hours in their wheelchair each day. They spent more than 2 hours seated at positions greater than 15° and performed tilts of 5° or greater every 27 minutes, but rarely performed tilts past 30°. Two distinct types of tilt behavior were identified: uni-modal (staying at a single position more than 80% of the time) and multi-modal (staying at a single position less than 80% of the time). Participants in the multi-modal group tilted significantly more frequently (4 times per hour) than the uni-modal group, and did not have a single typical position. Participants without sensation were more likely to exhibit uni-modal behavior. In the second phase of this study, researchers used interface pressure measurements and laser Doppler flowmetry to study changes in localized loading and superficial blood flow at the ischial tuberosities across different amounts of tilt. Eleven participants with spinal cord injuries were studied in a laboratory setting. Results showed that biomechanical responses to tilt were highly variable. Pressure reduction at the ischial tuberosity was not present at 15°, but did occur with tilts to 30° and greater, and could be explained by the tilt position and upright pressure. Unlike pressure, blood flow increased with all tilts from an upright position, but did not increase when tilting from 15° to 30°. Only 4 of 11 participants had a considerable increase (≥10%) in blood flow at 30° tilt, whereas 9 participants did during maximum tilt (i.e., 45°-60°). Based on the results of this study, tilting for pressure reliefs as far as the seating system permits is recommended to maximize the potential for significant blood flow increases and pressure relief.
82

Tissue blood flow responses to external pressure using LDF and PPG : testing a system developed for pressure ulcer research /

Bergstrand, Sara, January 2009 (has links)
Licentiatavhandling (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2009. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.
83

Preventivt omvårdnadsarbete inom riskområdet trycksår : En registerstudie utifrån kvalitetsregistret Senior Alert / Preventive nursing interventions of pressure ulcer : A study of The National Quality Registry Senior Alert

Vancura, Jeanette, Sandström, Malin January 2014 (has links)
Trycksår orsakar lidande för patienter och höga kostnader för sjukvården. För att förhindra uppkomst av trycksår är det viktigt att identifiera patienter med ökad risk för trycksår samt att aktivt arbeta med preventiva omvårdnadsåtgärder. Ett strukturerat arbetssätt kan göras utifrån kvalitetsregistret Senior Alerts rekommendationer. Senior Alert är inriktat på förebyggande vård av äldre över 65 år och i registret registreras bland annat risk för trycksår, planerade åtgärder samt sjuksköterskans utvärdering av de insatta åtgärderna. Syftet med studien var att kartlägga täckningsgrad, utförda riskbedömningar och planerade åtgärder avseende risk för trycksår i kvalitetsregistret Senior Alert. Datainsamling innefattade alla patienter, 75 år eller äldre, på en medicinklinik i västra Sverige, som under år 2013 riskbedömts och registrerats med risk för trycksår. Materialet beskrevs kvantitativt. Resultatet visade att täckningsgraden i Senior Alert var 61,8% och att av de riskbedömda patienterna bedömdes 22,7% ha risk att utveckla trycksår. I genomsnitt planerades för 5,84 (±2,72) åtgärder per patient. Mest frekvent var åtgärder inom nutrition. Det fanns en svag korrelation mellan antal planerade åtgärder och Modifierad Norton-poäng (MNS-poäng). Resultatet visar att fortsatt arbete för att öka täckningsgrad krävs samt att mer individanpassade åtgärder behövs. / Pressure ulcers are common and cause both suffering for patients and high costs for the health care services. To prevent the occurrence of pressure ulcers, it is important to find patients at risk and do the preventive care. This can be done based on The National Registry Senior Alert which focus is on preventive care of elderly over 65 years. The registry includes measurements of the risk of pressure ulcers, planned actions and evaluation of the inserted measures. The purpose of this study was to examine the coverage and what preventive actions that was planned and registered in Senior Alert. A data collection was performed during 2013 and included all patients 75 years or older, at a medical clinic, in western Sweden, recorded with increased risk of developing pressure ulcers. The material was analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that the coverage of registration was 61.8% and that 22.7 % had increased risk for developing pressure ulcers. On average 5.84 (± 2.72 ) actions were planned per patient. Most frequent actions were in nutrition. There was a weak correlation between the number of planned actions and Modified Norton-score (MNS-score). The results of this study showed that further work to increase the coverage is required and that more individualized measures are needed.
84

Nitric oxide metabolites in wound fluids from pressure ulcers on v.a.c.(tm) therapy

Childress, Beverly Bibera. January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2004. / Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 84 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
85

Mesure du niveau d’éducation des lésés médullaires aux règles de prévention des escarres et de gestion du risque cutané grâce au SMnac : validation de la version française / Evaluating self-reported pressure ulcer prevention measures in persons with spinal cord injury using the revised Skin Managment Needs Assessement Cheklist : validation of the french version

Gélis, Anthony 27 September 2011 (has links)
L'escarre est une complication multifactorielle après lésion médullaire. Le profil des facteurs de risque diffère entre la phase initiale et la phase chronique. Lors de la phase chronique, le poids des facteurs liés aux comportements de santé – à risque ou protecteurs – reste à définir. Pour autant, la plupart des programmes d'éducation thérapeutique menés auprès des personnes lésées médullaires s'attachent à avoir une action sur ces facteurs de risque, en permettant au patient d'être un acteur central de sa prise en charge. Sur la thématique cutanée, le Skin Management Needs Assessement Checklist est le seul outil retrouvé dans la littérature pour évaluer le risque comportemental chez les personnes lésées médullaires. Il s'agit d'un questionnaire en langue anglaise composé de 12 items explorant la surveillance cutanée, la prévention de l'escarre et la prévention des plaies réalisées par les personnes lésées médullaires. Il nous a paru répondre à nos attentes sur le champ conceptuel et clinique. Ce travail s'est attaché à réaliser une traduction, une adaptation transculturelle et une validation complète de la version française du SMnac. Le SMnac révisé, obtenu à l'issu de la phase de traduction et d'adaptation transculturelle est composé de 19 items. La reproductibilité du questionnaire est excellente. La validité de construit, évaluée par 7 hypothèses de convergence et 3 hypothèses de divergence est satisfaisante. La cohérente interne est élevée, et la sensibilité de changement, évaluée à la phase initiale de la prise en charge, est élevée. / Pressure ulcer is a multi-factor complication after spinal cord injury. The risk factors are different between the acute stage and the chronic stage. During the chronic stage, the impact of health behavior risk factors still needs to be determined. Furthermore, most educational therapeutic programs conducted on persons with spinal cord injury are aimed to act on these risk factors allowing the patient to be in charge of his or her health. On a skin level the Skin Management Needs Assessment Checklist is the only tool found in the literature to assess behavioral risks in persons with spinal cord injury. It is a questionnaire in the English language including 12 items exploring skin monitoring, pressure ulcer and wound preventions. It met with our expectations both on conceptual and clinical levels. This work consisted in providing a translation, transcultural adaptation and complete validation of the French version of the SMnac. The revised SMnac obtained after the translation and transcultural adaptation is made of 19 items. Questionnaire's reproducibility is excellent. Construct validity was evaluated with 7 convergence hypotheses and 3 divergence hypotheses and is satisfactory. Internal coherence is high and responsiveness to change, evaluated during the acute phase of SCI management, is also high.
86

Condições de saúde e cuidado domiciliar de indivíduos com lesão de medula espinhal / Health conditions and home care of individuals with spinal cord injury.

Soraia Assad Nasbine Rabeh 17 October 2007 (has links)
O estudo observacional e transversal teve por objetivos caracterizar indivíduos adultos que sofreram lesão de medula espinhal (LME) entre janeiro de 2003 a julho 2006, em hospitais credenciados pelo SUS no município de Ribeirão Preto (RP), avaliar a sua independência funcional utilizando a escala medida de independência funcional (MIF), considerando o nível de lesão, identificar a prevalência de úlcera de pressão (UP) e problemas de funcionamento intestinal, assim como as condições de cuidado domiciliar e o acesso e utilização de serviços de saúde. Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, o estudo foi desenvolvido em duas fases. Na primeira foi feito levantamento de prontuários em 2 hospitais e, na segunda, entrevistas com sujeitos e cuidadores nos domicílios, utilizando instrumentos préviamente testados. Os resultados evidenciaram que 28 indivíduos residentes em RP sofreram LME no período e que 19 (67,9%) tiveram UP. Desses, 6 foram a óbito antes da segunda fase do estudo. Dentre os 22 sobreviventes, 91% eram do sexo masculino e 14 (63,6%) tinham entre 20 a 39 anos. Acidente de trânsito foi a etiologia principal (50%) da LME, seguida de queda (27,3%). Onze (50%) tiveram lesão cervical, dez (45,5%) lesão torácica e um lesão lombar. Quinze (68,2%) não tinham ocupação remunerada após a LME e 12 (54,5%) tinham a esposa como cuidador principal. Indivíduos com lesão cervical apresentaram escores menores na MIF total e motora, entretanto, a MIF cognitiva atingiu o valor máximo independente do nível da lesão. Dos 22 sujeitos, nenhum apresentou grau de dependência completa, 11 (50%) apresentavam dependência mínima, 6 (27,3%) dependência máxima e 5 (22,7%) independência moderada ou completa. Os 7 sujeitos com UP tinham maior dependência funcional. Quinze (68,2%) tinham constipação intestinal. O tempo total de cuidado variou de 4 a 15 horas diárias, com média de 9,63, (d.p. 3,4) para sujeitos com lesão cervical; 7,8 (d.p. 2,8) para lesão torácica e 4 para lombar. Houve aumento dos escores da MIF com o aumento do tempo pós-lesão, independente da participação em programa de reabilitação. O trauma causou maior impacto no domínio motor com diminuição da independência funcional nas diferentes atividades para os sujeitos com lesão cervical, entretanto, esses apresentaram escores mais elevados na função controle intestinal do que os indivíduos com lesão torácica. Os resultados apontam aspectos essenciais para a proposição de programa de reabilitação para essa população no contexto estudado. / The purposes of this cross-sectional observational study are: to characterize adult individuals that suffered Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) between January 2003 and July 2006 in hospitals of the Single Health System (SHS) in the city of Ribeirão Preto, and evaluate their functional independence using the Functional Independence Measurement (FIM) scale taking injury level into consideration; and to identify the prevalence of individuals with pressure ulcers (PU) and bowel function problems, as well as home care conditions and the accessibility and use of health care services. After being approved by the Research Ethics Committee, the study was performed in two phases: in the first, patient records from two hospitals were surveyed; in the second, patients and home-care providers were interviewed using previously tested instruments. Results showed that 28 individuals suffered SCI in the referred period, of which 19 (67.9%) developed PU. Six patients died before the second phase of the study. Among the 22 survivors, 91% were men and 14 (63.6%) were between 20 and 39 years old. The main SCI etiology was traffic accidents (50%), followed by falls (27.3%). Eleven (50%) individuals had cervical injury, ten (45.5%) thoracic injury, and one lombar injury. Fifteen (68.2%) were unemployed after SCI and 12 (54.5%) had their wife as their main care provider. Individuals with cervical injury presented lower total and motor FIM scores. However, cognitive FIM scores were the highest, regardless of the injury level. None of the 22 patients presented a degree of complete dependency; 11 (50.0%) presented minimum dependency, six (27.3%) maximum dependency, and five (22.7%) moderate or complete independency. The seven participants with PU were more functionally dependent. Fifteen (68.2%) had constipation. Total care time ranged from 4 to 15 daily hours, with an average of 9.63 (SD 3.4) for individuals with cervical injury; 7.8 (SD 2.8) for thoracic injury; and 4 for lombar injury. FIM scores increased with post-injury time, regardless of participating in rehabilitation. The trauma caused more impact in the motor domain, with reduced functional independence in various activities for individuals with cervical injuries. However, the latter presented higher scores in bowel control function compared to individuals with thoracic injury. Results highlight the essential aspects of their experiences to propose a rehabilitation program for this population in the studied context.
87

Capacidade preditiva da subescala Nutrição da Escala de Braden para avaliar o risco de desenvolvimento de úlceras por pressão / Predictive capacity of nutrition sub scale of Braden scale to assessment pressure ulcer development risk

Letícia Faria Serpa 19 December 2006 (has links)
Variáveis nutricionais têm sido consideradas preditoras de risco para o desenvolvimento de úlceras por pressão (UP). A subescala nutrição da escala de Braden, que avalia o consumo alimentar, parece apresentar certa fragilidade para especificar o risco. Muitos estudos ressaltam aspectos mais amplos do estado nutricional associados ao risco de UP. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade da subescala Nutrição da escala de Braden para predizer o risco de desenvolver UP e verificar as associações estatísticas existentes entre essa subescala e indicadores nutricionais objetivos e sujetivos, além das variáveis demográficas e clínicas, e o desenvolvimento de UP. Após aprovação pelos comitês de ética de duas instituições privadas do Município de SP, 170 pacientes adultos hospitalizados, em risco para desenvolvimento de UP (escore de ?18), foram avaliados durante, no mínimo, uma semana. Os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação do risco para UP – por meio da Escala de Braden - e da pele a cada 48 horas, às avaliações objetivas e subjetivas na admissão e a cada sete dias e avaliação da aceitação da terapia nutricional diariamente. Para estabelecer o poder preditivo das variáveis independentes em relação ao desenvolvimento de UP, empregaram-se análises de regressão logística univariada e múltipla (quatro modelos). A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (57,05%); média etária de 66,99 ±15,43 e 17,76 ± 16,77 dias de internação, em média. Os escores médios de risco foram 12,26 e 15,03, respectivamente para os pacientes com e sem UP (p<0,001). Quatorze pacientes desenvolveram UP, gerando incidência de 8,23%. Na modelo 4 da análise da regressão logística multivariada, a subescala nutrição não permanece, sendo a albumina (OR=5,226, p< 0,001), a ANSG (OR=3,246, p< 0,001) e a idade (OR=1,594, p< 0,001) as preditoras mais importantes. Os resultados evidenciaram que, ao não permanecer no modelo final de regressão, a subescala nutrição da escala de Braden não foi preditora para desenvolvimento de UP na amostra do estudo. Embora a albumina tenha sido o indicador preditivo mais importante – fato corroborado na literatura internacional – seu custo limita sua utilização. Por outro lado, a ANSG desponta como parâmetro nutricional complementar interessante e promissor por ser simples, de baixo custo e de uso multidisciplinar / The nutritional variables have been considered as risk predictors for development of pressure ulcers (PU). The nutrition sub scale of Braden scale – which assesses the usual food intake pattern – seems to be quite fragile in predicting those wounds. Plenty of studies have pointed out broad aspects of the nutritional status related the risk to develop pressure ulcer. The objective of this study is to evaluate the capacity of nutrition sub scale of Braden for predicting pressure sore risk and to determine the statistical associations with nutrition sub scale and objective and subjective nutritional indicators, demographic and clinic characteristics and PU development. The project was previously approved for both Hospitals Ethical Committes. A hundred and seventy adult patients from two private hospitals in São Paulo – Brazil, with risk but without pressure sores. Pressure ulcer risk was assessed using the Braden scale (score ? 18) on admission and every 48 hours for a minimum one week. The patients were submitted to skin each alternate days, to objective and subjective assessment at admission and every seven days and to caloric and protein intake assessment daily. Univariate and multivariate (four models) logistic regression analysis were used to determine the predictive power of independent variables related to the development of PU. Subjects were 57,05% male, had a mean age of 66,99 ± 15,43 and length of stay mean 17,76 ± 16,77.The mean Braden scale score for subjects without ulcers was 15,03, and it was 12,26 for those with ulcers (p< 0,001). Fourteen of 170 subjects (8,3%) developed pressure ulcers. After multivariate logistic regression, the nutrition sub scale of Braden did not appear as a powerful predictive factor for PU development. The best predictors were albumin (OR=5,226, p< 0,001), SGA (OR= 3,246, p< 0,001) and age (OR=1,594, p< 0,001). In this study the nutrition sub scale could not predicting PU because it was excluded from the final logistic regression. Despite albumin have been best predictor PU, in several international studies, the elevate cost limited uour utilization. However the SGA showed as simple, inexpensive and non-invasive nutritional assessment. It is very interesting because it can be performed at bedside and by a multidisciplinary team
88

Úlcera por pressão e fatores de risco em pacientes hospitalizados com fratura de quadril e fêmur / Pressure Ulcer and Risk Factors in Patients with Hip and Femur Fracture in the Hospital

Andréa Mathes Faustino 19 May 2008 (has links)
Fraturas de quadril e fêmur são um problema de saúde pública emergente, associado a um elevado índice de mortalidade e morbidade em todo mundo, com alto impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. A Úlcera por Pressão (UP) é uma complicação que pode interferir para aumento destes índices. O estudo teve como objetivos identificar e caracterizar os pacientes que sofreram fratura de quadril e fêmur atendidos em um Hospital Universitário do interior Paulista; verificar a incidência e prevalência da UP e descrever a evolução das lesões até a alta; relacionar a presença de UP com as variáveis clinicas, incluindo o risco para UP por meio da Escala de Braden e o grau de independência para as Atividades de Vida Diária (AVD) pelo Índice de Katz; e analisar o valor preditivo dos escores da escala de Braden para esta população. Após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética, foram incluídos na amostra 30 pacientes que aceitaram participar. Os dados foram coletados na admissão, no 1º dia pós-operatório ou no 5º dia de internação e na alta. Os participantes eram predominantemente do sexo feminino (53,3%), brancos (76,7%), acima dos 60 anos de idade (56,7%), alfabetizados (60%) e aposentados (33,3%). O local anatômico mais comum da fratura foi o colo do fêmur. A comorbidade mais comum foi do Sistema Cardiocirculatório (53,3%). O tempo médio entre a admissão e a cirurgia foi de 2,92 dias. O tempo total de cirurgia variou entre 2 a 4 horas. O tempo médio de internação foi 14,20 dias. A complicação mais comum no pós-operatório foi a confusão e agitação (66,7%). Em relação à independência funcional para as AVD, 50% eram totalmente dependentes na primeira e segunda avaliação e 40% no momento da alta. Quanto ao risco para UP, o escore médio da Escala de Braden na admissão foi 12,66 (DP: 2,52), no segundo momento 13,73 (DP: 3,10) e na Alta 15,03 (DP: 3,83). Para os pacientes que tiveram UP durante a internação os escores foram menores em todos os momentos (p\"0,05). A prevalência de UP foi de 33,3% e a incidência 26,6%. No momento da Alta, dos 10 casos considerados no estudo de prevalência, 9 ainda apresentavam UP. Na análise dos resultados pela regressão logística identificou-se que das covariáveis sócio-demográficas e clínicas investigadas apenas o escore da escala de Braden explicava a ocorrência da UP (p\"0,05). A análise do valor preditivo dos escores da escala de Braden pelo Teste de Fisher identificou que quanto menor a pontuação na escala, maior a quantidade de pacientes com UP no segundo e terceiro momentos (p\"0,05). / Fractures of hip and femur are an emerging public health problem, associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with a high impact on the quality of life of patients. The Pressure Ulcer by (PU) is a complication that can interfere to increase these rates. The study aimed to identify and characterize the patients who suffered from hip and femur fracture treated in a University Hospital from inside Paulista; check the incidence and prevalence of UP and describe the evolution of the injury until discharge; relate the presence of the UP clinical variables, including the risk to UP by Scale of Braden and the degree of independence for the Activities of Daily Living (AVD) by Katz Index, and examine the predictive value of the scores of the scale of Braden for this population. After approval by the Ethics Committee, were included in the sample 30 patients who agreed to participate. Data were collected at admission, at 1 postoperative day or on the 5th day of hospitalization and discharge. Participants were predominantly female (53.3%), white (76.7%), over 60 years of age (56.7%), literacy (60%) and retirees (33.3%). The most common anatomical location of the fracture was the lap of the femur The most common comorbidity was System Cardiac (53.3%). The average time between admission and surgery was 2.92 days. The total time of surgery ranged from 2 to 4 hours. The average length of stay was 14.20 days. The most common complication in the postoperative period was the confusion and agitation (66.7%). Regarding the functional independence for the AVD, 50% were totally dependent on the first and second evaluation, and 40% at the time of discharge. The likelihood for UP, the scoring average of Braden Scale at admission was 12,66 (SD: 2,52), the second time 13,73 (SD: 3,10) and the High 15.03 (SD: 3,83). For patients who had UP during hospitalization the scores were lower at all times (p 0.05). The prevalence of UP was 33.3% and 26.6% incidence. At the time of Discharge, of the 10 cases considered in the study of prevalence, 9 still had UP. In the analysis of the results by logistic regression identified that the covariates socio-demographic and clinical investigated only the score of the scale of Braden explained the occurrence of UP (p 0.05). The analysis of the predictive value of the scores of the scale of the test Braden Fisher identified that the lower the score on the scale, the greater the number of patients with UP in the second and third times (p 0.05).
89

Estudo sobre a prevalência e a incidência de úlceras de pressão em um Hospital Universitário / Study of the prevalence and incidence the pressure ulcer in one University Hospital

Noemi Marisa Brunet Rogenski 01 March 2002 (has links)
As úlceras de pressão (UP) representam um grave problema para os pacientes hospitalizados, especialmente em termos de sofrimento pessoal e econômico, e um desafio não só para os enfermeiros, mas para toda a equipe interdisciplinar. Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar e analisar os índices de prevalência e incidência de UP, nas unidades de Clínica Médica, Cirúrgica, UTI e Semi Intensiva do Hospital Universitário da USP, bem como, estabelecer as possíveis associações com as características sócio demográficas e clínicas da clientela. Após aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa do HU, procedeu-se à coleta de dados em duas etapas: enquanto os dados da prevalência foram levantados num único dia da semana, os relacionados à incidência, durante três meses consecutivos. Para tanto, o exame físico de todos os pacientes internados e de todos os pacientes em risco para o desenvolvimento de UP, era realizado, respectivamente para os estudos da prevalência e incidência. A avaliação de risco para o desenvolvimento de UP foi feita através da Escala de Braden, tendo como nota de corte o escore inferior ou igual a 16. No estudo da prevalência, dos 102 pacientes avaliados, 19 desenvolveram UP, acarretando índice de 18,63%. Dentre os pacientes que apresentavam UP, houve predomínio do sexo feminino (52,63%), da raça branca (89,47%), de pacientes não fumantes (68,42%), com tempo de internação superior a 10 dias, principalmente por doenças do sistema cardiovascular ou respiratório (por doenças de base ou associadas), além de lesões no estágio I (51,85%) e na região sacra (22,22%). A idade média de 71,53 (DP=15,75) anos e o tempo médio de internação (12,31) dos pacientes com UP mostraram-se significativamente superiores àqueles exibidos pelos pacientes sem UP (p<0,001 e p=0,044, respectivamente). No estudo da incidência, dos 211 pacientes de risco acompanhados, 84 desenvolveram um total de 134 UP, acarretando índice de 39,81%. Os pacientes com UP caracterizaram-se por predomínio do sexo masculino (52,28%), da raça branca (80,95%) e de não fumantes (73,81), e as úlceras predominaram no estágio II (52,98%) e também em região sacra (33,58%), não sendo observadas UP nos estágios III ou IV. A idade média desses pacientes foi de 70,31 anos (DP=16,44), e houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as idades dos pacientes com e sem UP, mostrando-se novamente superiores para os pacientes com UP. Além disso, a idade apresentou ainda, correlações estatisticamente significativas, positiva com a incidência e negativa com a umidade, ambas de fraca intensidade, sugerindo que as maiores incidências ocorrem entre os pacientes idosos e que estes tendem a apresentar maiores escores na sub escala umidade da escala de Braden. Embora a maioria dos pacientes com UP (50 ou 59,52%) tenha apresentado escore menor ou igual a 16, ou seja, risco para desenvolvimento de UP, os índices de prevalência e incidência encontrados neste estudo, quando comparados aos estudos internacionais, mostram-se elevados. Os resultados indicam não somente a urgente necessidade da implantação de um programa de prevenção e tratamento de UP na instituição, como contribuem, metodologicamente, para que outros serviços possam estabelecer tal tipo de investigação, para a ampliação do conhecimento acerca desse problema no país. / Pressure Ulcer (PU) represents a great problem for hospitalized patients, especially concerning economic and personal suffering, and this is a hallenge not only for registered nurses (RN) but also for the interdisciplinary staff. The goals for this study are to identify and to analyze the PU prevalence and incidence in the clinical, surgical, intensive care unit and semi-intensive units at the University Hospital of Sao Paulo University, as well as establish possible association with social demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. After approval of the Ethical and Research Committee of the University Hospital, the collection of data took place in two stages. While the prevalent information was surveyed in only one day, the incidence took three months to accomplish. A physical examination was performed on all the interned patients and all the others that had a risk of developing the PU to study the predominance of the occurrence. An evaluation of the chance of developing PU was assessed using the Braden Scale with a cutoff score of less than or equal to 16. In this study of prevalence,from the 102 patients, 19 developed PU, an index of 18.63%. Among those patients that developed PU, 52.63% were female, 89.47% white race, 68,42% non-smoker patients, with more than 10 days of internment period mainly with cardiac or respiratory diseases (or associated illnesses), beside the lesions at stage I (51.85%) and on the sacral region (22.22%). The average age was 71,53 years old (DP=15.75) and the average time of internment was 12,31 days for the patients with PU, and it was significantly greater than those patients without the PU (p<0,001 and p=0,044 respectively). In the incidence study of 211 patients with risks to develop PU, 84 developed it, with a total of 134 PU, an index of 39.81%, Those with PU were predominant male (52.38%), of white race(80.95%), and non-smokers (52.98%). The ulcers were predominant at stage II, and also on the sacral region (33.58%), not having been found PU at stages III and IV. The average age of these patients was 70.31 years old (DP=16.44). The results showed significant statistical difference between the ages of patients with and without PU, again superior for those patients with PU. Besides, the age presented positive correlation statistically significant and negative with moisture, both with low intensity, suggesting that there are more incidences occurring with elderly patients who tend to present bigger score in the Moisture Subscale of the Braden Scale. Although, the majority of the patients with PU (50 or 59.52%) presented a score of 16 or less, it means, risk to develop PU, the prevalence and incidence indexes found in these studies were high when compared with the international studies. The results indicate, not only, an urgent need of implantation of a preventive program and treatment of PU in the institution, but also contribute, methodologically, that other services be established, like type of investigation, to amplify the knowledge of this problem in the country.
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"Efeitos de intervenções educativas no conhecimento e práticas de profissionais de enfermagem e na incidência de úlcera de pressão em centro de terapia intensiva" / "Effects of educational interventions on nursing professionals’ knowledge and practice and on the incidence of pressure ulcer at an Intensive Therapy Center"

Luciana Magnani Fernandes 11 July 2006 (has links)
O desenvolvimento de úlceras de pressão em pacientes hospitalizados é um grande problema de saúde que envolve vários fatores relacionados com o paciente e com o meio externo. A prática baseada em evidências torna-se uma proposta eficaz na adoção de medidas para a prática clínica que promovam a melhoria da qualidade do cuidado. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida com os objetivos de avaliar os efeitos de intervenções educativas no conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem em Centro de Terapia Intensiva, nas medidas prevenção utilizadas em sua prática clínica e nas taxas de incidência de úlcera de pressão e avaliar os fatores de risco presentes nos pacientes e a adequação das ações realizadas pela equipe de enfermagem. Foi desenvolvida em um Centro de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital universitário, de nível terciário e de grande porte no interior do Estado de São Paulo. O caminho metodológico foi construído considerando as fases do processo de adoção de uma inovação proposta por Rogers. Foram realizadas intervenções educativas junto à equipe de enfermagem visando à persuasão para a adoção de inovações para prevenção de úlceras de pressão baseadas em evidências. Para avaliar os efeitos das intervenções educativas, foram conduzidos três estudos na fase pré-intervenção e repetidos na fase pós-intervenção. No primeiro estudo, buscou-se identificar o nível de conhecimento dos profissionais da equipe de enfermagem sobre a úlcera de pressão e medidas de prevenção por meio de instrumento que continha questões fechadas. No segundo estudo, foi identificada a prática clínica adotada pela equipe de enfermagem para a prevenção de úlcera de pressão, por meio de observação não participativa. O terceiro estudo tratou da identificação da taxa de incidência de úlcera de pressão em pacientes internados no CTI e dos fatores de risco relacionados a esses. Os resultados evidenciaram que a intervenção educativa influenciou no conhecimento dos profissionais da equipe de enfermagem e em alguns aspectos de suas práticas clínicas referentes aos cuidados de prevenção, porém, não influenciou na incidência de úlcera de pressão, que foi de 62,5% nas fases pré e pós-intervenção. As variáveis estudadas associadas desenvolvimento de úlceras de pressão foram os escores das Escalas de Braden e Glasgow tempo de internação do paciente. Destaca-se a pouca participação dos enfermeiros nos cuidados básicos de higiene e avaliação do paciente. Alguns pontos importantes devem ter maior atenção dos enfermeiros e ter maior enfoque em programas educacionais. São eles: cuidados básicos de higiene; intensificação dos cuidados de prevenção, especialmente mobilização do paciente; adoção de instrumentos para avaliação do risco para o desenvolvimento de úlcera de pressão; realização de programas educacionais periódicos, enfocando a prevenção e adoção de estratégias para monitoramento do problema. Considerando os aspectos da prevenção de úlceras de pressão, uma prática criteriosa e de qualidade deve ser prioritária, utilizando-se estratégias que possam envolver a instituição e a equipe multidisciplinar que atua no CTI. / The development of pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients is a large health problem that involves various patient and environment-related factors. Evidence-based practice is an effective proposal for the adoption of clinical practice measures that promote improvements in health care quality. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of educational interventions on nursing professionals’ knowledge at an intensive therapy center, on the prevention measures used in their clinical practice and on pressure ulcer incidence rates, as well as patients’ risk factors and the adequacy of the nursing team’s actions. The study was carried out at the Intensive Therapy Center (ITC) of a large tertiary-care university hospital in the interior of São Paulo State. The methodological course was constructed in view of the innovation adoption curve proposed by Rogers. Educational interventions were realized involving the nursing team, with a view to convincing them to adopt innovations to prevent pressure ulcers, based on evidences. In order to assess the effects of educational interventions, we conducted three studies in the pre-intervention phase, which were repeated after the intervention. In the first study, we aimed to identify nursing team professionals’ knowledge about pressure ulcers and prevention measures, using an instrument with closed questions. In the second study, we identified the clinical practice the nursing team adopted to prevent pressure ulcer, using non-participant observation. The third study was aimed at identifying pressure ulcer incidence levels in patients hospitalized at the ITC and related risk factors. Results demonstrated that the educational intervention influenced nursing team professionals’ knowledge and some clinical practice aspects related to preventive care, but did not affect pressure ulcer incidence levels, which corresponded to 62.5% in the pre- and post-intervention phases. We studied the Braden Score, the Glasgow Scale and hospitalization times as variables associated with the development of pressure ulcers. Nurses participated little in basic hygiene care and patient assessment. Both nurses and education programs should give more attention to some important points. These are: basic hygiene care; intensification of preventive care, especially patient mobilization; adoption of risk assessment instruments for the development of pressure ulcer; realization of periodical education programs focused on prevention and adoption of problem-monitoring strategies. In view of aspects of pressure ulcer prevention, a discerning and high-quality practice should be prioritized, using strategies that can involve the institution and the multidisciplinary team active at the institution.

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