La typographie faisait partie des arts et métiers développés dans les missions Jésuites auprès des Guarani au Paraguay au XVIIIe siècle. Nous analysons les huit ouvrages encore existants produits dans les missions, décrivons chacun d’entre eux et faisons un historique de leurs contenus et des circonstances de leurs productions. Quand cela s’avère possible, nous comparons différents exemplaires du même titre, en essayant de comprendre le fonctionnement de ces ateliers d’impression. Nous tendons à saisir le rôle de l’impression dans les stratégies d’évangélisation des Jésuites partout dans le monde et nous nous penchons sur les débuts de l’imprimerie en Amérique coloniale et le rôle de la Compagnie de Jésus dans son développement. / Typography was one of the arts and crafts developed by the Jesuits in the Guarani missions of Paraguay in the XVIIIth century. We examine all of the extant books produced in the missions, describing each one and giving a history of their content and of the circumstances of their manufacture. When possible, we compare different copies of the same title, trying to understand how these printing workshops worked. We try to grasp the role of printing in the strategies of the Jesuits around the globe and we examine the beginnings of printing in colonial America and the role of the Society of Jesus in its development

This dissertation presents the investigation of biologically inspired direction finding (DF) and localization systems, 3D printing solution for RF components and systems, and fundamental aspects of antennas regarding bandwidth and power efficiency. Biologically inspired direction finding and localization systems are explored first. Inspired by the human binaural auditory system, an improved direction of arrival (DoA) estimation technique using two antennas with a lossy scatterer in between them to achieve additional magnitude cues is proposed. By exploiting the incident-angle- dependent magnitude and phase differences between the two antennas with specially designed scatterer, the DoA of an incident signal from two-dimensional (2-D) / three- dimensional (3-D) space can be estimated. Besides, compact DF systems with enhanced directional sensitivity using a scatterer of high permittivity in between adjacent closely spaced electrically-small antennas are examined. Inspired by the human monaural auditory system, a novel single-antenna DF technique is also proposed by exploiting the incident-angle-dependent spectra for a broadband RF signal only. In addition, a wideband superior DF system utilizing Luneburg lens and uniformly placed detectors on the equator of the lens is evaluated. The DoA is estimated using the amplitude distribution of the received signals at the detectors. Moreover, A portable inventory localization system utilizing hybrid RF (for direction, using previously introduced DF techniques) and ultrasound (for distance) signals is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Next, a multilayer phased array system is designed and individual parts are printed to demonstrate the applicability of hybrid thermal wire-mesh embedding (for conductors) and thermoplastic extrusion (for dielectrics) techniques for additively manufacturing RF17integrated systems. Finally, fundamental aspects of antennas in terms of bandwidth limit for reactive matching and power efficiency for non-Foster matching are analyzed.

<div>This thesis includes two parts. The main part is on the topic of conductivity prediction for Inkjet printed silver electrodes. The second part is about the follow-up work of toner usage prediction of laser electro-photographic printers. </div><div><br></div><div>For conductivity prediction of Inkjet printed silver electrodes part, the brief introduction is described below. Recently, electronic devices made with Inkjet printing technique and flexible thin films have attracted great attention due to their potential applications in sensor manufacturing. This imaging system has become a great tool to monitor the quality of Inkjet printed electrodes due to the fact that most thickness or resistance measuring devices can destroy the surface of a printed electrode or even whole electrode. Thus, a non-contact image-based approach to estimate sheet resistance of Inkjet printed electrodes is developed.</div><div><br></div><div>The approach has two stages. Firstly, strip-shaped electrodes are systematically printed with various printing parameters. The sheet resistance measurement data as</div><div>well as images of the electrodes are acquired. Then, based on the real experimental data, the fitting model is constructed and further used in predicting the sheet</div><div>resistance of the Inkjet printed silver electrodes.</div><div><br></div><div>For toner usage prediction part, the introduction is described below. With the widespread use of laser electro-photographic printers in both industry and households fields, estimation of toner usage has great significance to ensuring the full utilization of each cartridge. The follow-up work is focused on testing and improving feasibility, reliability, and adaptability of the Black Box Model (BBM) based two-stage strategy in estimating the toner usage. Comparing with previous methods, the training process for the firrst stage requires less time and disk storage, all while maintaining high accuracy. For the second stage, experiments are performed on various models of printers, with cyan(C), magenta(M), yellow(Y), and black(K) color cartridges.</div>

This thesis present the fabrication of 2 types of soft wearable electrical devices, utilizing the 3D printing technique. The devices are capable to detect human heart pulse waves and sound waves for health evaluation and speech recognition.

Este estudo constitui uma dissertação de mestrado que tem como objetivo analisar a Azulejaria Portuguesa e algumas de suas conexões entre Moda, Design de Superfície e Estamparia Têxtil, no que diz respeito à utilização dos mais diversos tipos de matérias-primas para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Especificamente, aborda a Estamparia Têxtil enquanto importante setor da área de Design Têxtil diretamente relacionado ao Design de Superfície. Assim, por meio do Design de Superfície, esta pesquisa apresenta a Azulejaria Portuguesa como uma das principais fontes de inspiração e criatividade para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos de Moda, utilizando os processos de Estamparia Têxtil. O modelo de pesquisa é qualitativo, cujas principais técnicas de coleta de dados empregadas são revisão da bibliografia, pesquisa em bancos de monografias e de imagens, acervo virtual de museus, periódicos e registros em fotografias. A partir dos dados coletados, foi desenvolvida uma coleção de estampas com base na Azulejaria Portuguesa empregada na cidade de São Luís do Maranhão (séculos XVIII e XIX), a qual foi posteriormente aplicada em uma coleção cápsula de Moda feminina desenvolvida pelo autor, cuja inspiração das formas e silhuetas é proveniente de obras arquitetônicas dos artistas Oscar Niemeyer e Delfim Amorim. A coleção de estampas e a coleção das peças apresentadas têm como objetivo destacar as relações encontradas entre a Azulejaria Portuguesa, o Design de Superfície e a Estamparia Têxtil, de modo a reforçar, por meio de diferentes processos criativos, a ideia de resgate artístico e histórico-cultural da Azulejaria Portuguesa pela Estamparia Têxtil, no que se refere ao desenvolvimento de novos produtos de Moda / This study represents a master dissertation which aims to analyze the Portuguese Tiles and some of their connections among Fashion, Surface Design and Textile Printing in respect of the use of various types of raw materials for new products development. Specifically, it deals with Textile Printing as one of the essential sectors regarding Textile Design related to Surface Design. Thus, through Surface Design, this research shows the Portuguese Tile as one of the primary sources of inspiration and creativity concerning the development of new Fashion products through the Textile Printing sector. The research model is qualitative, and its essential techniques of data collection are bibliography review, research in monograph, images, virtual museum collections, journals, and photographies. With this data compilation, a collection of textile prints was developed based on the Portuguese Tile used in the city of São Luís do Maranhão in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. A womens fashion capsule collection produced by the author applied these textile prints, which shape and contours come from the architectural works of the artists Oscar Niemeyer and Delfim Amorim. This collection and the garments propose to highlight the relations found among Portuguese Tile, the Surface Design, and the Textile Printing. By different creative process, it purposes to endorse the idea of the artistic and historical-cultural recover of the Portuguese Tile by Textile Printing, considering the development of new Fashion products

Les particules fines ont un impact réel sur la qualité de vie et la santé de millions de personnes dans les grandes zones urbaines, notamment en Asie. Pour les détecter et quantifier leur concentration, les capteurs de particules optiques sont les plus couramment étudiés, mais restent relativement chers et volumineux. Les transducteurs MEMS micropoutres sont largement utilisés pour des applications gravimétriques, pour la détection de particules ou de gaz, ce qui requiert des sensibilités massiques (Sm) élevées et des limites de détection (LOD) basses. Pour cela les micropoutres les plus adaptées sont celles ayant des fréquences de résonance (f0) et facteurs de qualité (Q) élevés, avec de faibles bruits de mesure et des masses faibles. Les micropoutres silicium sont couramment utilisées en tant que capteurs gravimétriques et sont de sérieux candidats pour répondre aux caractéristiques souhaitées. Cependant, la sérigraphie a le potentiel pour une fabrication moins chère, plus rapide et aussi à grande échelle. Pour ces micropoutres, l'actionnement et la lecture de f0 sont possibles par effet piézoélectrique. Bien qu'il existe des solutions inorganiques prometteuses sans plomb, les céramiques de titano-zirconate de plomb (PZT) possèdent encore les meilleures propriétés parmi les matériaux piézoélectriques. Des micropoutres fabriquées en technologie hybride couches épaisses sérigraphiées, à actionnement et lecture piézoélectriques intégrés, libérées à l'aide d'une couche sacrificielle polyester et avec co-cuisson de toutes les couches pour leurs libérations sont présentées ici. Différentes géométries ont été testées de 1 mm à 2 mm de large et de 1 mm à 8 mm de long, pour une épaisseur d'environ 100 μm. Une masse volumique ρ PZT = 7200 kg/m³ a été obtenue (≈ 93%ρ PZT massif). Enfin, avec une micropoutre 1×2×0,1 mm³, une sensibilité Sm ≈ 85 Hz/μm et une LOD de 70 ng ont été trouvées, permettant des applications en détection de particules. / Fine particulate matters (PM) have a real impact on the quality of life and health of millions of people in large urban areas, especially in Asia. In order to detect them and quantify their concentration, optical PM sensors are the most widely studied, but remain relatively expensive and bulky. MEMS microcantilever transducers are widely used for gravimetric applications, for PM or gas detection, which requires high mass sensitivities (Sm) and low limits of detection (LOD). A solution is to focus on microcantilevers with high resonance frequencies (f0) and quality factors (Q), low measurement noise and low masses. Silicon microcantilevers are commonly used as gravimetric sensors and are serious candidates to meet the desired characteristics. However, screen printing has the potential for cheaper, faster and large scale manufacturing. Such microcantilevers can be actuated and f0 read-out using the piezoelectric effect. Although promising lead-free inorganic solutions exist, titanium lead zirconate (PZT) ceramics still have the best properties among piezoelectric materials. Screen-printed microcantilevers manufactured in hybrid thick-film technology, with integrated piezoelectric actuation and read-out, released using a polyester sacrificial layer and with co-firing of all the layers are presented here. Different geometries were tested from 1 mm to 2 mm wide and from 1 mm to 8 mm long, for a thickness of about 100 μm. A density ρ PZT = 7200 kg/m³ (≈ 93%ρ PZT bulk) was obtained. With a 1×2×0.1 mm³ microcantilever, a sensitivity Sm ≈ 85 Hz/μm and a LOD of 70 ng were found, compatible with applications in PM mass detection.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how to decrease lead-times of conventionally manufactured prototypes of tools and fixtures. Which could lead to increased knowledge of how an operations site within the automotive industry could utilize additive manufacturing when producing company specific prototypes of tools and fixtures.  The research approach applied in this case study combines a literature review to systematically find relevant literature aligned with the research topic of additive manufacturing or 3D printing related to lead-time reduction and generative design terms. With the help of interviews and observations profound knowledge was gained as preparation before continuing the research. Thereafter, a pre-study was conducted in order to further enhance the understanding of the industrial context of the two chosen fixtures (study objects). Rapid prototyping activities with additive manufacturing processes and technologies of experimentation character was conducted iteratively with both 3D CAD and 3D printing software and hardware. Analysis of the data was conducted through a comparison between lead-times of conventionally manufactured and 3D printed prototypes of the two chosen fixtures. Moreover, identifying potential effects with additive manufacturing of prototypes have with a SWOT analysis.  The case study found that additive manufacturing could significantly decrease lead-times when producing prototypes compared to conventional manufacturing. Furthermore, the results showed that the effects of additive manufacturing are plenty and rather complex due to the fact of this new way to manufacture prototypes. Therefore, the term design for additive manufacturing need first class priority if next steps were to be taken in the additive manufacturing field to enhance industrial and academic benefits.  The research on this subject is strongly constrained by the scarcity of empirical experience and, consequently, by the scarcity of available empirical data. Research publication on the topic are fruitful and plenty but their findings specified to their chosen study objects. This case study gives an up-to-date contribution to the topic of additive manufacturing with endless possibilities to reduce lead-time with rapid prototyping activities that utilizes additive manufacturing. Moreover, the research approach used in this thesis combines 3D CAD data through theoretical concepts and physical objects with additive manufacturing practice. Overall, the results can be used to improve academic research in the topic and promote discussion among different actors entering or within the additive manufacturing field.

A dissertação apresentada compreende reflexões em torno do pote cerâmico relacionado à prática artística, tanto em meu processo de criação como na produção artística contemporânea. O pote no qual trabalho a minha poética parte da forma clássica da louçaria utilitária doméstica e é suporte para o desenvolvimento de uma prática em que ele se apresenta fora de sua aplicabilidade funcional ou de seu contexto original. A partir da forma da tigela, desenvolvo trabalhos através de múltiplos, uso recursos de impressões serigráficas e tipográficas e outras interferências, como o tricô, na tentativa de trazer outro olhar para o utensílio cerâmico. / The research presented includes discussions on the ceramic pot related to artistic practice, as in my creative process, as also in contemporary artistic production. The pot from my poetic work starts in the classical form of the domestic utilitarian pottery and its a support for the developing of a practice, where its shows outside of their applicability, function or original context. From the shape of the bowl I develop my work across multiples, I use resources of silk screen prints and others typographical interferences as knitting, trying to bring another look at the ceramic utensil.

A utilização da quitosana como fixante de corantes tem se mostrado relevante, devido a sua estrutura química que é responsável pelas suas propriedades biodegradável e antibacteriana. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal utilizar a quitosana para auxiliar na fixação de corantes pigmentados utilizados na estamparia digital. Também foi testada a carboximetilcelulose. A quitosana foi dissolvida em ácido acético 2% (v/v) nas concentrações de 5, 10, 15 e 22,2 g/L, enquanto a carboximetilcelulose foi dissolvida em água na concentração de 14,28 g/L Os polímeros foram aplicados como pré e pós tratamentos em malha de algodão por dois processos diferentes, via Foulard e por estamparia de quadros. A presença dos polímeros impregnados nas fibras de algodão foi avaliada por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). As amostras de malha tratadas e não tratadas (controle) foram lavadas por 54 vezes simulando o uso de uma camiseta durante um ano e avaliadas em espectrofotômetro quanto à solidez da cor a lavagem utilizando os parâmetros escala cinza e sistema CIELAB E*. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a utilização da quitosana e da carboximetilcelulose como pós-tratamento melhoraram o desempenho da solidez da cor a lavagem em 64% quando avaliada por CIELAB E* e 68% respectivamente quando avaliada por escala cinza. As amostras com aplicação de quitosana e carboximetilcelulose como pré-tratamentos apresentaram valores menores de solidez, quando comparadas às amostras pós-tratadas / The use of chitosan as binder has become relevant due to its chemical structure which is responsible for its biodegradable and antibacterial good. The present study is aimed to the use of chitosan to aid in the fixation of pigmented dyes used in digital printing. A carboxymethylcellulose was also tested. The chitosan was dissolved in 2% (v / v) acetic acid at the concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 22.2 g / L, while a carboxymethylcellulose was dissolved in water at 14.28 g / L. applied as pre and post treatments in cotton mesh by two different processes, Foulard and silk-screen. The presence of polymers impregnated in the cotton fibers was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The treated and untreated mesh samples were washed 54 times simulating the use of a T-shirt for one year and evaluated in spectrophotometer for color fastness to wash, using the CIELAB E * system. The results showed that the use of chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose as a post-treatment improved the color wash performance in 64% when evaluated by CIELAB E * and 68% when evaluated by gray scale. The samples with application of chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose as pre-treatments presented lower values of color fastness, when compared to the post-treated samples

Este projeto verificou a influência dos produtos químicos utilizados no processo de preparação de tecidos planos de algodão, para posterior estampa por processo digital com corantes reativos. No processo de preparação verificou-se a influência dos fatores quantidade de espessante, anti-migrante, álcali, agente higroscópico e cloreto de sódio (NaCl), utilizou-se um planejamento fatorial 25, cinco pontos centrais, para estudo dos ensaios, tendo como resposta a intensidade colorística (K S-1) das cores amarelo, vermelho, azul e preto, avaliando os índices de solidezes à água e à fricção. Baseando-se no modelo matemático obtido, aplicou-se receita otimizada com economia de 35 g L-1 e 45 g L-1 de espessante e NaCl, respectivamente. A aplicação gerou maiores valores de K S-1 em três das quatro cores estudadas. Somente a cor azul apresentou menor valor, porém com uma diferença de apenas 0,06 unidades, considerada não significativa. Nas solidezes testadas, a nota mínima obtida foi de 4/5, considerada como satisfatória em uma escala de 1 a 5, onde 1 é o pior resultado e 5 o melhor, ou seja, não houve detrimento nos índices de solidezes testados na receita otimizada em relação à receita de maior K S-1 do planejamento / This project verified the influence of the chemicals used in the process of preparation of cotton fabrics, for subsequent digital printing with reactive dyestuff. In the preparation process, the influence of the factors \'amount of thickener\', \'anti-migrant\', \'alkali\', \'hygroscopic agent\' and \'sodium chloride (NaCl)\' were used, being the answer coloristic intensity (K S-1) of the yellow, red, blue and black colors, evaluating the color fastness to water and friction. Based on the obtained mathematical model, an optimized recipe with savings of 35 g L-1 and 45 g L-1 of thickener and NaCl, respectively, was applied. The application generated higher values of K S-1 in three of the four colors studied. Only the blue color had lower value, but with a difference of only 0.06 units, considered not significant. In the solids tested, the minimum score obtained was 4/5, considered as satisfactory on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is the worst result and 5 the best, that is, there was no detriment in the color fastnesstested in the optimized recipe in relation to the recipe of greater K S-1 of the planning