No contexto da avaliação econômica de projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços percebem-se muitas dificuldades: ausência de classificação dos métodos de avaliação de investimentos apropriados para o contexto de priorização e seleção de projetos; ausência de sistematização das condições necessárias (conhecimentos, informações, habilidades, formulações e critérios de avaliação) à aplicação dos métodos; ausência de um framework de avaliação econômica que integre condições necessárias para a aplicação dos métodos com o apoio à escolha e aplicação de métodos de avaliação de investimentos apropriados aos conhecimentos disponíveis. Com o objetivo de superar tais dificuldades, essa pesquisa propõe uma sistematização e análise da avaliação econômica de projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços para poder apoiar a escolha e aplicação de métodos. O método de pesquisa adotado consiste em múltiplos estudos de casos. A pesquisa compreende três fases: (1) Aquisição de conhecimentos; (2) Sistematização da avaliação econômica, com base na revisão bibliográfica e em pesquisa de campo exploratória; (3) Análise da avaliação econômica com base em sete casos. Os resultados colaboram com evidências de que uma sistematização da avaliação econômica pode apoiar a escolha e a aplicação de métodos de avaliação de investimentos para a priorização e seleção de projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços conforme os conhecimentos disponíveis. Além disso, uma proposta de planilha e a simulação de um exemplo fictício foram elaboradas, com o objetivo de apoiar a avaliação de projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços. Os resultados compreendem desde a caracterização e sistematização dos métodos de avaliação de investimentos na priorização e a seleção de projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços, a análise de diversos constructos chaves em estudos de casos, até a proposição de possíveis melhorias do processo decisório nos casos. / In the context of economic evaluation, many difficulties are perceived: lack of classification of evaluation methods according to the context of investment prioritization and selection of projects to develop products and services; lack of systematization of the required conditions (knowledge, information, skills, formulation and evaluation criteria) to the applications of methods; lack of economic evaluation framework that integrates the required conditions to support the choice of methods to apply according to the available knowledge. In order to overcome these difficulties, this research proposes a systematization and analysis of the economic evaluation of the product and service development projects to support the methods choice and selection. The research method adopted is based on multiple case studies. The research comprehends three phases: (1) Acquisition of knowledge; (2) Economic evaluation systematization, through literature review and exploratory field research; (3) Analysis of the economic evaluation based on seven cases. The results provide evidence that a systematization of economic evaluation can support the choice and application of valuating investments methods for the prioritization and selection of the product and service development projects according to the available knowledge. Furthermore, a proposal of a spreadsheet and its simulation based on a fictional example were prepared, aiming at supporting the evaluation of development projects for products and services. The results comprises from the characterization and systematization of the methods to evaluate investments concerning the prioritization and selection of projects for development of products and services, the analysis of several key constructs in case studies, to the proposition of possible improvements in the decision-making in those cases.

Desenvolver programas de conservação, a partir do conhecimento prévio do estado dos pavimentos, possibilita obter determinados níveis de qualidade em toda a rede viária. No entanto, num cenário de carência financeira, manter esses níveis de qualidade só é possível se as decisões forem tomadas considerando as seções mais prioritárias às atividades de manutenção e reabilitação (M&R) dos pavimentos. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é propor um modelo de priorização de vias, baseado na metodologia de análise multicritério agregada a um sistema de informação geográfica (SIG), considerando critérios objetivos e subjetivos no apoio à tomada de decisão. Fez parte deste trabalho uma pesquisa sobre a situação atual referente aos procedimentos de gerência da conservação de pavimentos utilizados em cidades médias brasileiras. Foi realizado um estudo de caso, na cidade de São Carlos - SP, utilizando um levantamento preliminar da condição do pavimento e de suas características físicas e geométricas, no que se refere às seções de vias urbanas, que são de responsabilidade da prefeitura. O modelo desenvolvido neste trabalho, que utiliza AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) e SIG, é adequado à realidade das cidades médias brasileiras, mas mantém a viabilidade de aplicação em cidades de outras dimensões, desde que as particularidades dessas cidades sejam consideradas. É destinado a auxiliar administradores de órgãos governamentais que têm a função de avaliar e planejar as intervenções de conservação em vias urbanas pavimentadas. / The development of conservation programs, starting from the previous knowledge of pavements condition, makes possible to maintain certain quality levels in the roadway system. However, in a lack of budget scenario, to achieve those quality levels the decisions have to be taken considering a pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) prioritization program. The general objective of this work is to propose urban roadways prioritization model based on multicriteria decision analysis aggregated to geographical information system (GIS), considering objective and subjective criteria in the decision support. A case study was performed at the city of São Carlos, state of São Paulo, Brazil, using a preliminary study of pavement condition and physical and geometric characteristics. It was also performed a research about the current situation regarding the procedures for pavement maintenance and rehabilitation management in brazilian medium-sized cities. The model developed in this work, that uses AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and GIS is adapted to the reality of the brazilian medium-sized cities, but it maintains the application viability in cities of other dimensions, since the particularities of those cities are considered. It is dedicated to help administrators of government agency responsible for the evaluation of urban roads and pavement conservation planning.

Conservation managers worldwide are increasingly faced with the challenges of managing and protecting fragmented landscapes, largely as a consequence of human activities. Over recent decades, ecological theory has made a significant contribution to the development of landscape-scale conservation and practice. However, recommendations accounting for what is practically achievable in the modern-day landscape are currently lacking, while criteria for conservation planning and prioritisation continue to neglect the role of habitat networks at the required spatial scale for the long-term persistence of biodiversity. In this thesis, I test and apply ideas surrounding the complexities of managing and conserving species in a landscape context, using a suite of bird species endemic to papyrus (Cyperus papyrus) swamps in East and Central Africa as a model system. In the face of large-scale habitat loss and degradation, practical measures that account for the fragmented nature of this system, the needs of multiple specialist species, and the reliance on this habitat by local people, are urgently required. I first review the concepts originating from reserve design theory to provide a decision-making framework for those involved in landscape-scale conservation amid 21st century challenges to biodiversity, highlighting the key principles to be considered for informed choices to be made. Second, I show that the needs of local people can be compatible with conservation planning in the tropics, and may play an important part in maintaining habitat quality for species residing in historically disturbed landscapes. Third, I develop a novel framework to make an explicit link between metapopulation dynamics and conservation planning. Despite differences in the patch-level dynamics of individual species, areas of habitat where populations of multiple species are resistant to extinction, and resilient because of high chances of (re)colonization can be identified, highlighting where resources could be invested to ensure species have the capacity to respond to future change. Finally, I simulate the metapopulation dynamics of the papyrus-endemic birds to demonstrate that the optimal conservation strategy for the long-term persistence of all species residing in a network depends on the characteristics of individual species, and the total area that can be protected. Overall, this thesis develops and tests the ecological theory used in spatial conservation planning, emphasising the importance of habitat disturbance and interspecific ecological differences for the effective management of habitat networks. The results increase the evidence base for the conservation of wetland birds in Africa, as well as for species residing in fragmented landscapes more generally.

No contexto da avaliação econômica de projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços percebem-se muitas dificuldades: ausência de classificação dos métodos de avaliação de investimentos apropriados para o contexto de priorização e seleção de projetos; ausência de sistematização das condições necessárias (conhecimentos, informações, habilidades, formulações e critérios de avaliação) à aplicação dos métodos; ausência de um framework de avaliação econômica que integre condições necessárias para a aplicação dos métodos com o apoio à escolha e aplicação de métodos de avaliação de investimentos apropriados aos conhecimentos disponíveis. Com o objetivo de superar tais dificuldades, essa pesquisa propõe uma sistematização e análise da avaliação econômica de projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços para poder apoiar a escolha e aplicação de métodos. O método de pesquisa adotado consiste em múltiplos estudos de casos. A pesquisa compreende três fases: (1) Aquisição de conhecimentos; (2) Sistematização da avaliação econômica, com base na revisão bibliográfica e em pesquisa de campo exploratória; (3) Análise da avaliação econômica com base em sete casos. Os resultados colaboram com evidências de que uma sistematização da avaliação econômica pode apoiar a escolha e a aplicação de métodos de avaliação de investimentos para a priorização e seleção de projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços conforme os conhecimentos disponíveis. Além disso, uma proposta de planilha e a simulação de um exemplo fictício foram elaboradas, com o objetivo de apoiar a avaliação de projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços. Os resultados compreendem desde a caracterização e sistematização dos métodos de avaliação de investimentos na priorização e a seleção de projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços, a análise de diversos constructos chaves em estudos de casos, até a proposição de possíveis melhorias do processo decisório nos casos. / In the context of economic evaluation, many difficulties are perceived: lack of classification of evaluation methods according to the context of investment prioritization and selection of projects to develop products and services; lack of systematization of the required conditions (knowledge, information, skills, formulation and evaluation criteria) to the applications of methods; lack of economic evaluation framework that integrates the required conditions to support the choice of methods to apply according to the available knowledge. In order to overcome these difficulties, this research proposes a systematization and analysis of the economic evaluation of the product and service development projects to support the methods choice and selection. The research method adopted is based on multiple case studies. The research comprehends three phases: (1) Acquisition of knowledge; (2) Economic evaluation systematization, through literature review and exploratory field research; (3) Analysis of the economic evaluation based on seven cases. The results provide evidence that a systematization of economic evaluation can support the choice and application of valuating investments methods for the prioritization and selection of the product and service development projects according to the available knowledge. Furthermore, a proposal of a spreadsheet and its simulation based on a fictional example were prepared, aiming at supporting the evaluation of development projects for products and services. The results comprises from the characterization and systematization of the methods to evaluate investments concerning the prioritization and selection of projects for development of products and services, the analysis of several key constructs in case studies, to the proposition of possible improvements in the decision-making in those cases.

Desenvolver programas de conservação, a partir do conhecimento prévio do estado dos pavimentos, possibilita obter determinados níveis de qualidade em toda a rede viária. No entanto, num cenário de carência financeira, manter esses níveis de qualidade só é possível se as decisões forem tomadas considerando as seções mais prioritárias às atividades de manutenção e reabilitação (M&R) dos pavimentos. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é propor um modelo de priorização de vias, baseado na metodologia de análise multicritério agregada a um sistema de informação geográfica (SIG), considerando critérios objetivos e subjetivos no apoio à tomada de decisão. Fez parte deste trabalho uma pesquisa sobre a situação atual referente aos procedimentos de gerência da conservação de pavimentos utilizados em cidades médias brasileiras. Foi realizado um estudo de caso, na cidade de São Carlos - SP, utilizando um levantamento preliminar da condição do pavimento e de suas características físicas e geométricas, no que se refere às seções de vias urbanas, que são de responsabilidade da prefeitura. O modelo desenvolvido neste trabalho, que utiliza AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) e SIG, é adequado à realidade das cidades médias brasileiras, mas mantém a viabilidade de aplicação em cidades de outras dimensões, desde que as particularidades dessas cidades sejam consideradas. É destinado a auxiliar administradores de órgãos governamentais que têm a função de avaliar e planejar as intervenções de conservação em vias urbanas pavimentadas. / The development of conservation programs, starting from the previous knowledge of pavements condition, makes possible to maintain certain quality levels in the roadway system. However, in a lack of budget scenario, to achieve those quality levels the decisions have to be taken considering a pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) prioritization program. The general objective of this work is to propose urban roadways prioritization model based on multicriteria decision analysis aggregated to geographical information system (GIS), considering objective and subjective criteria in the decision support. A case study was performed at the city of São Carlos, state of São Paulo, Brazil, using a preliminary study of pavement condition and physical and geometric characteristics. It was also performed a research about the current situation regarding the procedures for pavement maintenance and rehabilitation management in brazilian medium-sized cities. The model developed in this work, that uses AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and GIS is adapted to the reality of the brazilian medium-sized cities, but it maintains the application viability in cities of other dimensions, since the particularities of those cities are considered. It is dedicated to help administrators of government agency responsible for the evaluation of urban roads and pavement conservation planning.

Submitted by Fernanda Ciolfi (fernanda.ciolfi@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2016-08-11T19:07:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson de Souza Ribeiro.pdf: 3519905 bytes, checksum: 24d0f2df16e1e4ca30d3e7eee439bd8b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-11T19:07:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson de Souza Ribeiro.pdf: 3519905 bytes, checksum: 24d0f2df16e1e4ca30d3e7eee439bd8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-28 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas ? PUC Campinas / The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) advancement, and the growing need for higher data processing capacity, storage and higher data transfer rates demanded by the change in the behavior of society, which is more globalized and interconnected over the time, the opportunities for interaction and integration that covers private organizations and citizens of the Digital Cities or Smart Cities, it was necessary the use of technologies such as Cloud Computing to enable the population to consume the services available in this age. In this sense, it is necessary to select, and periodically prioritize, the scarce financial and human resources needed to implement the projects that offer the best value delivery proposal with the lowest possible investment, within the set deadlines, while respecting budgetary constraints, time and implementation capacity of organizations. Regarding the method of aid to decision-making, proposed in this work, for the selection and prioritization of systems for publication in Cloud, in an environment of heterogeneous telecommunications solutions, proposes a tool and a decision-making process that helps the public manager and private sector companies in the selection and prioritization of adherent solutions to their specific needs through the implementation of multi-criteria analysis , which consists of four hierarchical levels (Function objective, criteria categories, Subcriteria and System Options), and 5 categories of criteria to Digital cities (Financial Analysis, Technology Architecture, Governance, Digital Inclusion, Strategic Objectives), and 4 category criteria (Financial Analysis, Technical Architecture, Governance, Strategic Objectives) for corporate environments. This work was initially developed in simulation environment, and it was also applied in an education company and, in both cases, the results showed the method was useful to facilitate the manager's decision-making for the selection and prioritization of systems adherent to publication in cloud, in complex scenarios with multiple variables and constraints. / Com avan?o da Tecnologia da Informa??o e Comunica??o (TIC), e o crescimento da necessidade de poder de processamento, armazenamento, e altas taxas de transfer?ncia de dados demandadas pela altera??o no comportamento da sociedade, cada vez mais globalizada e conectada, e ainda pelas oportunidades de intera??o e integra??o que se abrem ?s organiza??es governamentais, empresas e cidad?os nesse novo contexto de Cidades Digitais, ou Cidades Inteligentes, fez-se necess?rio o uso de tecnologias como a Computa??o em Nuvem para viabilizar esta nova realidade, com fornecimento de servi?os ? popula??o, e a todos os seus agentes. Nesse cen?rio, h? que se selecionar e priorizar periodicamente os escassos recursos financeiros e humanos necess?rios para executar os projetos que oferecem a melhor proposta de entrega de valor, com o menor investimento poss?vel, dentro dos prazos estabelecidos, respeitando as restri??es or?ament?rias, de tempo e a capacidade de execu??o das institui??es. Nesse sentido o m?todo de aux?lio a tomada de decis?o, proposto neste trabalho, para a sele??o e prioriza??o de sistemas para publica??o em Nuvem, num ambiente de solu??es heterog?neas de telecomunica??es, prop?e uma ferramenta e um processo de tomada de decis?o que auxilia o gestor, seja do setor p?blico, ou em empresas do setor privado, na escolha e prioriza??o de solu??es aderentes ?s suas necessidades espec?ficas, atrav?s da realiza??o da an?lise multicrit?rio composta por 4 n?veis hier?rquicos (Fun??o objetivo, Categorias de Crit?rios, Subcrit?rios e Op??es de Sistemas), e 5 categorias de crit?rios para Cidades Digitais (An?lise Financeira, Arquitetura Tecnol?gica, Governan?a, Inclus?o Digital, Objetivos Estrat?gicos) no caso de institui??o p?blica, e 4 (An?lise Financeira, Arquitetura Tecnol?gica, Governan?a, Objetivos Estrat?gicos) para o seguimento corporativo . Este trabalho foi desenvolvido inicialmente em ambiente de simula??o, e tamb?m foi aplicado em uma Empresa de educa??o e, em ambos os casos, os resultados demonstraram como o m?todo foi ?til em facilitar a tomada de decis?o do gestor para a sele??o e prioriza??o de sistemas par a publica??o em nuvem, em ambientes e cen?rios complexos, com m?ltiplas vari?veis e restri??es.

Rural accessibility is a pressing issue in many parts of the world. Improved geographical accessibility to basic social service facilities for rural populations is a goal of most governments in developing countries. Development of a trail-based transport system is a key way to improve rural accessibility in mountainous and rugged terrain where trails criss-cross with numerous rivers. The present study focuses on Nepal, a developing country with rural accessibility challenges and a very challenging physical environment. This thesis reviews the existing accessibility patterns in rural areas of Nepal and proposes various approaches for identifying poorly served geographical areas and optimizing of location of additional new trail bridges to provide “best” links to social services. The methodology in this study is based on the concept of the gravity-based spatial interaction and accessibility models. GIS applications are used in different ways, such as in creating, acquiring, integrating spatial and attribute datasets, and spatial analysis and visualization of the output results. Amongst the different types of social services, health care and education centers are considered the most pressing services and hence are the objects of analysis. The main difference between health care service centers and educational facilities is that schools are usually very widespread across the district and serve for the school age population. Health service centers are sparsely and inequitably distributed, however, they serve the whole population at large. The results of the analysis show a fairly clear indication of problems relating to rural transport and access to social service centers in rural Nepal. This is attributed, in part, due to insufficient provision of social service centers and the lack of trail bridges over river crossing locations. The estimated numbers of trips over potential new bridges based on spatial integration modeling provides a basis for prioritization of river crossing locations for allocation of new trail bridges. The poorly served areas across the study district are identified on the basis of the results of the potential accessibility modeling. The trail network nodes with relatively low accessibility values are of prime concern and the subject of contemplation in the trail bridge planning decision-making process.

Rural accessibility is a pressing issue in many parts of the world. Improved geographical accessibility to basic social service facilities for rural populations is a goal of most governments in developing countries. Development of a trail-based transport system is a key way to improve rural accessibility in mountainous and rugged terrain where trails criss-cross with numerous rivers. The present study focuses on Nepal, a developing country with rural accessibility challenges and a very challenging physical environment. This thesis reviews the existing accessibility patterns in rural areas of Nepal and proposes various approaches for identifying poorly served geographical areas and optimizing of location of additional new trail bridges to provide “best” links to social services. The methodology in this study is based on the concept of the gravity-based spatial interaction and accessibility models. GIS applications are used in different ways, such as in creating, acquiring, integrating spatial and attribute datasets, and spatial analysis and visualization of the output results. Amongst the different types of social services, health care and education centers are considered the most pressing services and hence are the objects of analysis. The main difference between health care service centers and educational facilities is that schools are usually very widespread across the district and serve for the school age population. Health service centers are sparsely and inequitably distributed, however, they serve the whole population at large. The results of the analysis show a fairly clear indication of problems relating to rural transport and access to social service centers in rural Nepal. This is attributed, in part, due to insufficient provision of social service centers and the lack of trail bridges over river crossing locations. The estimated numbers of trips over potential new bridges based on spatial integration modeling provides a basis for prioritization of river crossing locations for allocation of new trail bridges. The poorly served areas across the study district are identified on the basis of the results of the potential accessibility modeling. The trail network nodes with relatively low accessibility values are of prime concern and the subject of contemplation in the trail bridge planning decision-making process.

A Fuzzy Preference Framework for the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (FGM) is developed so that real-world conflicts in which decision makers (DMs) have uncertain preferences can be modeled and analyzed mathematically in order to gain strategic insights. The graph model methodology constitutes both a formal representation of a multiple participant-multiple objective decision problem and a set of analysis procedures that provide insights into them. Because crisp or definite preference is a special case of fuzzy preference, the new framework of the graph model can include---and integrate into the analysis---both certain and uncertain information about DMs' preferences. In this sense, the FGM is an important generalization of the existing graph model for conflict resolution. One key contribution of this study is to extend the four basic graph model stability definitions to models with fuzzy preferences. Together, fuzzy Nash stability, fuzzy general metarationality, fuzzy symmetric metarationality, and fuzzy sequential stability provide a realistic description of human behavior under conflict in the face of uncertainty. A state is fuzzy stable for a DM if a move to any other state is not sufficiently likely to yield an outcome the DM prefers, where sufficiency is measured according to a fuzzy satisficing threshold that is characteristic of the DM. A fuzzy equilibrium, an outcome that is fuzzy stable for all DMs, therefore represents a possible resolution of the conflict. To demonstrate their applicability, the fuzzy stability definitions are applied to a generic two-DM sustainable development conflict, in which a developer plans to build or operate a project inspected by an environmental agency. This application identifies stable outcomes, and thus clarifies the necessary conditions for sustainability. The methodology is then applied to an actual dispute with more than two DMs concerning groundwater contamination that took place in Elmira, Ontario, Canada, again uncovering valuable strategic insights. To investigate how DMs with fuzzy preferences can cooperate in a strategic conflict, coalition fuzzy stability concepts are developed within FGM. In particular, coalition fuzzy Nash stability, coalition fuzzy general metarationality, coalition fuzzy symmetric metarationality, and coalition fuzzy sequential stability are defined, for both a coalition and a single DM. These concepts constitute a natural generalization of the corresponding non-cooperative fuzzy preference-based definitions for Nash stability, general metarationality, symmetric metarationality, and sequential stability, respectively. As a follow-up analysis of the non-cooperative fuzzy stability results and to demonstrate their applicability, the coalition fuzzy stability definitions are applied to the aforementioned Elmira groundwater contamination conflict. These new concepts can be conveniently utilized in the study of practical problems in order to gain strategic insights and to compare conclusions derived from both cooperative and non-cooperative stability notions. A fuzzy option prioritization technique is developed within the FGM so that uncertain preferences of DMs in strategic conflicts can be efficiently modeled as fuzzy preferences by using the fuzzy truth values they assign to preference statements about feasible states. The preference statements of a DM express desirable combinations of options or courses of action, and are listed in order of importance. A fuzzy truth value is a truth degree, expressed as a number between 0 and 1, capturing uncertainty in the truth of a preference statement at a feasible state. It is established that the output of a fuzzy preference formula, developed based on the fuzzy truth values of preference statements, is always a fuzzy preference relation. The fuzzy option prioritization methodology can also be employed when the truth values of preference statements at feasible states are formally based on Boolean logic, thereby generating a crisp preference over feasible states that is the same as would be found using the existing crisp option prioritization approach. Therefore, crisp option prioritization is a special case of fuzzy option prioritization. To demonstrate how this methodology can be used to represent fuzzy preferences in real-world problems, the new fuzzy option prioritization technique is applied to the Elmira aquifer contamination conflict. It is observed that the fuzzy preferences obtained by employing this technique are very close to those found using the rather complicated and tedious pairwise comparison approach.

Der weltweit steigende Bedarf an Energie und natürlichen Ressourcen, insbesondere an fossilen Brennstoffen und seltenen Metallen, sowie die angestrebte Reduktion des CO2-Ausstoßes führen zu steigenden Preisen für Energie und Rohstoffe. Der Energie- und Ressourcenbedarf muss daher neben der Funktionalität und den Kosten eines technischen Produkts in Planungs- und Entwicklungsprozesse einbezogen werden. Für eine Minimierung des Energie- und Ressourcenbedarfs sind insbesondere die frühen Phasen der Produktentwicklung von großem Interesse, da in diesen Phasen die wesentlichen Eigenschaften eines Produkts für den gesamten Lebenszyklus zu großen Teilen festgelegt werden. Durch die Forderung nach kürzeren Markteinführungszeiten bei gleichzeitigem Anstieg der Komplexität technischer Produkte ist der Einsatz von Softwaresystemen zur Unterstützung der Planungs- und Entwicklungsprozesse unabdingbar. Die Zielstellung der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Entwicklung und Realisierung von Methoden und Verfahren zur softwaretechnischen Unterstützung ausgewählter Abläufe der Produktentwicklung. Die gewählten Abläufe sind die Ausarbeitung von Anforderungsspezifikationen für technische Produkte, die Priorisierung von Anforderungen sowie die Analyse und Bewertung des Energiebedarfs von Werkzeugmaschinen. Der Schwerpunkt der Methoden und Verfahren liegt einerseits auf der Strukturierung und Koordinierung der Zusammenarbeit von Domänenexperten in den ausgewählten Abläufen der Produktentwicklung und andererseits auf der Erweiterung der Abläufe um Energie- und Ressourcenbetrachtungen. Die softwaretechnische Unterstützung der gewählten Abläufe ermöglicht es, die Komplexität der zu entwickelnden Produkte beherrschbar zu machen und den manuellen Aufwand der Domänenexperten in den Abläufen zu verringern.