The thesis describes privileges and immunities provided to offices of diplomatic missions in order to facilitate carrying out international relations. The key legal document regulating diplomatic privileges and immunities is the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations which commemorated 50 years of its existence this year - since it was signed on 18 April 1961 after the Vienna Conference. The aim of the thesis is to describe the contents of the individual privileges and immunities and to consider to which extent the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations represents a suitable legal instrument even for the needs of the today's practice of diplomatic relations. First the thesis deals with general issues related to ensuring diplomatic privileges and immunities, theories which justify their necessity and selected provisions of the Vienna Convention. This is followed by an analysis of the individual privileges and immunities of a diplomatic mission - the right to display a flag, the inviolability of mission premises, the inviolability of mission archives and documents, tax privileges and the freedom of communication.

University of Macau / Faculty of Law

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2019-03-19T12:31:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thomas Augusto Ferreira de Almeida.pdf: 1309103 bytes, checksum: 4d7dffcaa81fb86c4056d9a1a60e7466 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-19T12:31:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thomas Augusto Ferreira de Almeida.pdf: 1309103 bytes, checksum: 4d7dffcaa81fb86c4056d9a1a60e7466 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-19 / One of the dimensions of the existing asymmetry in Brazilian federalism concerns the parliamentary material immunity embodied in the freedom to express opinions and criticisms in the exercise of the parliamentary function. In view of the peculiar stature of federated entity attributed to the municipalities in the Federal Constitution of 1988, it is questioned whether its parliamentarians should have identical or less guarantees in relation to those of the parliamentarians of other federated entities. In other words, despite the similar nature of the exercise of parliamentary activity, one wonders whether the asymmetry of structures, powers and functions of the federated entities would imply a difference of content in parliamentary material immunity. For this investigation it is essential to analyze the jurisprudence of the Federal Supreme Court of Brazil in view of the jurisprudential nature of the principle of symmetry, guiding the organization of state entities based on an interpretation of the applicability of the federal model to other federative entities. We will argue that the city councilor's material immunity is symmetrical in Brazilian federalism, even though the constitutional text apparently points to a differentiation, proposing at the end of the thesis a method to identify the parliamentary speech immunized / Uma das dimensões da assimetria existente no federalismo brasileiro diz respeito à imunidade material parlamentar consubstanciada na liberdade de expressar opiniões e críticas no exercício da função parlamentar. Diante da peculiar estatura de ente federado atribuída aos Municípios inovadoramente na Constituição Federal de 1988, questiona-se se os seus parlamentares devem ter garantias idênticas ou menos abrangentes em relação às dos parlamentares dos demais entes federados. Em outras palavras, apesar da natureza semelhante do exercício da atividade parlamentar, pergunta-se se a assimetria de estruturas, competências e funções dos entes federados implicaria em uma diferença de conteúdo na imunidade material parlamentar. Para esta investigação mostra-se essencial a análise da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal tendo em vista a natureza jurisprudencial do princípio da simetria, norteador da organização dos entes estatais a partir de uma interpretação da aplicabilidade do modelo federal aos demais entes federativos. Sustentaremos que a imunidade material do vereador é simétrica no federalismo brasileiro, ainda que o texto constitucional aparentemente aponte uma diferenciação, propondo ao final um método de identificação do discurso parlamentar imune

This thesis deals with the diplomatic and consular privileges and immunities - first theoretically and then with the application by the International Court of Justice in the "Case concerning diplomatic and consular stuff in Tehran." The thesis emphasises the importance of an observation of these privileges and immunities by the international community and its relevance within the public international law. The thesis is divided into the introduction, 5 main chapters and the conclusion. First chapter is focused on the diplomatic and consular privileges and immunities in general. It deals with basic concepts as well as with a list of diplomatic and consular privileges. The Part about immunities according to Vienna convention on Diplomatic and Consular relations is included here too. This chapter also focuses on obligations of the diplomatic and consular stuff in relation to the receiving state. Second chapter states obligations of the receiving state in relation to the diplomatic mission, consular post and their stuff and also certain rights that the receiving state is authorized to demand. Third chapter is divided into 2 main parts - a historical one, which describes modern history of Iran since the beginning of 20th century and focuses on the development of Iran - USA relations. Second part of the...

Diplomatic privileges and immunities of bodies and workers of the EU institutions Le sujet de ce travail est de présenter des privilèges et immunités concernant l'Union européenne en tant qu'organisation internationale, ses fonctionnaires, agents et autres personnes susceptibles d'agir dans son intérêt. À la différence des immunités des États, accordées à ces derniers au nom de leur égalité souveraine, les immunités des organisation internationales se justifient exclusivement par leur caractère fonctionnel. Elles visent en effet à assurer à l'organisation une certaine autonomie et une indépendance indispensables à l'efficacité de son action. L'Union alors jouit des privilèges et immunités nécessaires à l'accomplissement de sa mission. Le document servant de base juridique, dans lequel les privilèges et immunités de l'UE sont définie , est le Protocole du 8 avril 1965 sur les privilèges et immunités des Communautés européennes. Ce dernier a été révisé au 1er décembre 2009 par le traité de Lisbonne. L'UE remlace ainsi, par ce traité, la Communauté européenne, ainsi duquele Protocole sur les privilèges et immunités des Communautés européennes, qui devient le Protocole sur les privilèges et immunités de l'Union européenne. Ce Protocole concerne l'UE, ses organes, les représentants des États...

Conçu dans la période postérieure aux guerres révolutionnaires européennes, renforcé à la veille des relations internationales contemporaines, le fonctionnaire international, plus qu’un concept, témoigne de la dynamique qui est née et qui caractérise les relations interétatiques. Mieux appréhendé par leurs interactions dans de multiples arènes (économie, consultations, études, diplomatie, politique, actions de terrains), les fonctionnaires internationaux sont définis par un nouveau type d’organisations par le biais desquelles ils incarnent et réalisent leurs buts. Ils caractérisent ainsi tant les agents des organisations internationales dites “traditionnelles” (Société des Nations, Organisation des Nations Unies, Organisation du Traité de l’Atlantique Nord, Union Africaine, Conseil de l’Europe) que celles “spécifiques” (Union Européenne, Communauté Economique des Etats d’Afrique de l’Ouest, La Communauté Andine des Nations, le Marché du Cône Sud). De cette situation, le concept unique de fonctionnaire international a évidemment émergé par la systématisation de plusieurs auteurs. Il ne pouvait en être autrement, ce par la convergence des statuts juridiques (en matière de règles relatives au recrutement, de privilèges et d’immunités fonctionnels, droits acquis) de ceux qu’on considère comme les piliers de l’organisation, notamment les agents de l’Union européenne et ceux de l’Organisation des Nations Unies. Toutefois, malgré cette première évidence, il est certain, et l’analyse comparative à laquelle cette étude s’élit en fournit les clefs, que le concept de fonctionnaire international unique ne soit pas approprié pour les agents que nous considérons archétypes de deux types d’organisations mues par des finalités complémentaires certes mais divergentes à plus d’un titre. A ces fins, l’étude de l’insertion institutionnelle des fonctionnaires et la loyauté, somme toute, cardinale qui en découle définitivement écarte toute prétention d’unité des fonctionnaires par l’érection d’un fonctionnaire extraétatique qui serait ce concept unifiant ces agents des gouvernants spéciaux. / Created after the european revolutionary wars and reinforced in the run up of the contemporary international relations, the international civil servant more than a concept, testifies of dynamics that generated and which characterizes interstates relations. International civil servants are defined through new types of organizations they embody and through which they achieve their purposes. The different arenas in which they interact (economics, consultancies, studies, diplomacy, politics, and field actions) underline their function. They therefore represent both the agents of international organizations known as "traditional" (League of Nations, United Nations Organization, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, African Union, Council of Europe) as well as those of the “specific" ones (European Union, Economic Community of West African States, Andean Community of Nations, Common Market of Southern Cone). From this situation a single concept for the international civil servant as emerged through the systemization of several authors. It could not be any other way, because of the similarities in the legal status (relating to recruitment rules, functional privileges and immunities, acquired rights) of those considered as the pillars of the organizations, in particular between the European Union and the United Nations Organization’s agents. However, despite this first conclusion, the present study obviously shows through a comparative analysis that a single (common) concept of the international civil servant is not appropriated for the agents we considere as archetypes of two types of organizations driven by purposes that are complementary but different for more than one reason. For those purposes, the study of the institutional insertion of the civil servants and the loyalty that derives from it definitely eliminates the theory of a single concept for civil servants through the institution of an extrastate civil servant, a concept meant to unify these special rulers’ agents.