This study asks the question: “How does the structure of cybersecurity policy relate to differences in structure of policy governance of universities and colleges?” The study has three objectives. First, the study seeks to add to the body of knowledge concerning the relationship between the structure of cybersecurity policy processes and the security policies developed by those processes. Second, the study seeks to demonstrate the usefulness of the Institutional Grammar Tool, Rules Configurations, and other methods employed to analyze institutional configurations. Third, the study seeks to provide pragmatic suggestions for cybersecurity practitioners to systematically identify deficiencies in policy structure that contribute to less than optimum outcomes. Research on this question is necessary as no integrative framework exists for describing or predicting how organizations adopt and implement cyber security policy. The study proposes such a framework by integrating an ideal model for cyber security governance with the principles of the Institutional Analysis and Design framework (IAD). Four research universities of the University System of Georgia are subjected to a cross-case comparison of information security policies. Interviews and policy documents provide a database of institutional statements that are analyzed using IAD methods and tools. Prior research suggests that elements of policy structure, such as how the policy fits the organization’s objectives and culture, are linked to policy effectiveness. Research also suggests that how those elements of policy structure reflect external threats and organizational factors are determined by how the cybersecurity policy development is integrated into the governance of university wide policy. In addition to demonstrating the utility of an integrated approach to studying the problem of creating effective policy, findings demonstrate how a well-integrated cybersecurity governance structure provides better fit, constructs policies of appropriate scope, and is more likely to include the components of governance necessary for policy effectiveness. Findings also suggest that policy form, the readability of policy, may be improved if the documents are analyzed using the institutional grammar tools suggested by the IAD and if collaboration with users and managers to construct policy is encouraged. The capability of the methods employed by the study to identify deficiencies in cyber security governance structure that are manifested in less effective policy outcomes may aid policy makers as they strive to develop policy solutions to an ever changing security threat

Institutions are the heuristic building blocks of human interactions, or the rules that humans use to structure interaction in the social world. Institutions are both universal, meaning that all people possess them and use them, and institutions are also ever-changing and evolving to adapt to new situations and social dilemmas. This literature review in this study demonstrates the need to use Institutional Analysis in the field of educational policy research, and then establishes groundwork of Institutional literature. The research questions ask whether institutions can be captured, and if so what the institutions of accountability policy are. Accountability policy, specifically the rating system established under ESEA Flexibility, serves as the policy though which institutions are examined because of its complexity and omnipresence in education today. The findings suggest that institutions can be captured and that educators and policymakers are engaged in an institutional clash.

In my thesis I am dealing with problem of predation of great cormorant on fishery supplies in the Czech Republic. In the first part I explain the problem, describe historical development and current status. I also mention situation in other EU countries, which does have some characteristics similar with the Czech Republic. In the end of the first part I will quantify damage caused by cormorant and I will show how this damage could be estimated. In the second part I am applying scheme of institutional analysis called Institutional Analysis and Development. Firstly I will explain this scheme and then I will apply it on the problem of great cormorant in the Czech Republic. Aim of my thesis is to find a recommendation how organizations and institutions should be set in order to help to resolve this issue.

Uppsatsen granskar kritiskt Gøsta Esping-Andersens inflytelserika teori om västerländska välfärdsstatsregimer från boken Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Fokus ligger på den typologi som presenteras i boken. I synnerhet studeras det så kallade dekommodfieringsindex som Esping-Andersen använder som indelningsgrund. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om, och i sådana fall i vilken utsträckning, det finns empiriskt stöd för välfärdsstatsregimteorin. Regimteorin testas i uppsatsen genom ett antal olika kvantitativa metoder som fokuserar på regimernas stabilitet och deras interna koherens. Samma typ av data som Esping-Andersen grundade analysen i Three Worlds på används till analyserna i uppsatsen. Resultaten pekar på att huruvida det går att tala om empiriska belägg för välfärdsstatsregimerna beror på vilken detaljnivå som studeras. Om endast aggregerad generositet (dekommodifiering) hos välfärdsstaten är av intresse så erhåller regimteorin stöd i undersökningen. Studeras däremot välfärdssystemen något mer ingående så framstår resultaten som problematiska för teorin. Ett flertal länder har en synnerligen spretig karaktär och är svåra att foga in i de av Esping-Andersen definierade regimerna. Det finns lite väl många interna skillnader bland ländernas delsystem för att en sammantagen indelning i tre generella grupper ska te sig rimlig. Dessutom passar det ersättningssystem som Esping-Andersen menar är av speciell vikt, pensionssystemet, tämligen dåligt in i det förväntade mönstret enligt regimerna. Dessa faktum gör det enligt uppsatsförfattaren svårt att upprätthålla regimteorin i den form som Esping-Andersen förfäktar den i Three Worlds.

This work considers international cooperation or harmonization in patent law and analyzes the two main international patent law governance institutions: the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). A welfarist approach is adopted, proposing that international patent law should improve global welfare, subject to assumptions that the preferences of the world population are heterogeneous, that governments try to maximize the welfare of their citizens, and that international legal organization faces collective action problems. Normatively desirable patent law harmonization reconciles strong reasons for preserving diversity (including the static and dynamic satisfaction of local preferences and adapting to unpredictable change) with strong reasons for cooperation (reducing duplication in patent prosecution, and reconciling imbalanced national externalities, incentives to innovation and costs). The last reason leads to a system of national treatment and minimum standards. The risks presented by the skewed nature of invention are addressed in the international patent system through a form of regional insurance. These reasons for cooperation present two linked but separable collective action problems, supporting the existence of two international institutions to govern patent cooperation. WIPO is best positioned to address duplication in patent prosecution. The WTO is best positioned to address imbalanced national externalities, incentives and costs. However, both the WIPO and the WTO are needed to provide a comprehensive international governance system. Questions about the WTO dispute resolution system, the TRIPs Council, and the WTO’s legitimacy are addressed by advocating a trade stakeholders’ model. Whether international patent law should be seen as a multilateral obligation or a nexus of bilateral obligations is explored. Given diverse national preferences and high uncertainty surrounding the welfare effects of specific patent policies, the process of harmonization is inevitably a political process. This political aspect directly connects the topic of patent law harmonization with the institutional analysis of WIPO and the WTO. The implementation of welfare-enhancing patent law cooperation is best guarded by a process with a wide range of political inputs and transparency. Ultimately, only good international governance can deliver on the potential of the international patent system to promote international innovation, economic growth and world-wide prosperity.

This work considers international cooperation or harmonization in patent law and analyzes the two main international patent law governance institutions: the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). A welfarist approach is adopted, proposing that international patent law should improve global welfare, subject to assumptions that the preferences of the world population are heterogeneous, that governments try to maximize the welfare of their citizens, and that international legal organization faces collective action problems. Normatively desirable patent law harmonization reconciles strong reasons for preserving diversity (including the static and dynamic satisfaction of local preferences and adapting to unpredictable change) with strong reasons for cooperation (reducing duplication in patent prosecution, and reconciling imbalanced national externalities, incentives to innovation and costs). The last reason leads to a system of national treatment and minimum standards. The risks presented by the skewed nature of invention are addressed in the international patent system through a form of regional insurance. These reasons for cooperation present two linked but separable collective action problems, supporting the existence of two international institutions to govern patent cooperation. WIPO is best positioned to address duplication in patent prosecution. The WTO is best positioned to address imbalanced national externalities, incentives and costs. However, both the WIPO and the WTO are needed to provide a comprehensive international governance system. Questions about the WTO dispute resolution system, the TRIPs Council, and the WTO’s legitimacy are addressed by advocating a trade stakeholders’ model. Whether international patent law should be seen as a multilateral obligation or a nexus of bilateral obligations is explored. Given diverse national preferences and high uncertainty surrounding the welfare effects of specific patent policies, the process of harmonization is inevitably a political process. This political aspect directly connects the topic of patent law harmonization with the institutional analysis of WIPO and the WTO. The implementation of welfare-enhancing patent law cooperation is best guarded by a process with a wide range of political inputs and transparency. Ultimately, only good international governance can deliver on the potential of the international patent system to promote international innovation, economic growth and world-wide prosperity.

Many studies have investigated Nigeria’s experiences of river basin management. Despite the acceptance of IWRM by the Nigerian Government, findings from the literature demonstrate that there remain significant water management challenges in Nigeria. However, reported research which exposes the forces influencing the implementation of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in Nigeria remains sparse. This thesis exposes these forces, and most importantly, the environments within which they are embedded by drawing upon theoretical and empirical evidence on the processes required to transfer IWRM from theory to practice. The retroductive logic of enquiry was adopted as a guide and a conceptual framework was developed to illustrate the forces influencing IWRM implementation at the river basin level in Nigeria and the environments within which they are embedded. The conceptual framework formed the basis for the development of the research questions and also informed the choice of neo-institutional theory as a guide to proffer answers to the research questions. The research process employed a qualitative social science approach to provide answers to the research questions and realise the study’s main aim. The study’s theoretical framework followed a string of hermeneutics, phenomenology, and interpretivists philosophies and a case study research strategy to explore issues related to IWRM implementation in both Ogun-Oshun River Basin and Benin-Owena River Basin from different perspectives using multiple sources of evidence – documents, semi-structured interviews, and direct observations. Interviews were conducted with the staff of the River Basin Development Authorities (RBDAs) and other water-related national and international organisations in the selected case river basins in Nigeria. The data obtained were first analysed using textual approach and then followed by variance institutional approach. Findings clearly illustrate that: (i) there were weaknesses in IWRM implementation in Nigeria, and (ii) both institutional (that is, regulative, normative, cognitive, and cultural) and technical (that is, water infrastructure) elements which are located within the macro and the operational environments were the forces that contributed to the weaknesses in IWRM implementation at the river basin level in Nigeria. Consistent with the institutional analysis perspective, to improve IWRM implementation in practice in Nigeria, the study proposed improvements to the regulative institutions to serve as a shock. This study contributes to IWRM and reinforces the importance of institutional and technical elements as potent forces that can enable or constrain the implementation of a water management approach, IWRM.

Water eutrophication is a major problem of pollution of water resources, which is caused by excessive nutrient inputs to the water. This study deals with the organization of institutions around the water source as possible cause of the decreasing status of water quality. The method of institutional analysis IAD framework examines the control, disposition and execution of the actors' rights in the Macha Lake in regard to the possible application of community ownership approach. The applied method shows that the administration of the Macha Lake is fragmented into many stages, where each individual has limited powers that are in the approval process depending on other actors. However, here we encounter a major moral attitude of the local community. Further analysis finds that any made efforts to improve the quality of the water are only focused in the treatment of the water of the lake and not in the correction and 6 more regulation of his sources. The cause of the eutrophication and subsequent steps must be performed at the level of the entire watershed, not just locally.

Flood events have become more frequent in Europe, and the adaptation to the increasing flood risks is needed. The Flood Directive set up a series of measures to increase European resilience, establishing Flood Risk Management Plans (FRMPs) at the level of the river basin district as one relevant action. In order to efficiently fulfil this objective, the involvement of stakeholders as well as the analysis of their roles, responsibilities, and demands has been considered to be crucial to develop FRMPs. As a result, the hypothesis tested in this paper is that a consensus solution for the 2021 update Austrian Flood Risk Management Plan is feasible. To demonstrate this, both in-depth interviews and questionnaires to key Austrian stakeholders are implemented. The information collected in both participatory techniques are then used to run a conflict prevention analysis. The results show that (a) improving the coordination among regions and including better land-use planning approaches are preferable to a hypothetical business as usual scenario; and (b) a consensus solution for the 2021 update Austrian FRMP might be achievable on the basis of both a deep discussion on the state-of-the art and green infrastructure development.

The UN and NATO have implemented separate approaches to civilian-military cooperation. Central in both approaches is a need for information sharing between civilian and military actors. Without shared information, cooperative planning becomes impossible. For military actors secret information makes sharing difficult and for civilian actors, principles hinder close cooperation. Scholars in the field of intelligence study have identified that states and organizations share information if the benefits of such, outweigh costs and risks. This thesis examines institutional differences between the UN mission MINUSMA in Mali and NATO mission ISAF in Afghanistan, in order to better understand how institutional factors, affect sharing of information. With an outset in Rational Choice Institutionalism and by use of Elinor Ostrom’s Institutional Development and Analysis Framework, an analytical instrument is designed. Through inductive review of interviews, first-hand accounts and reports; factors that drive, enable and hinder civilian-military sharing are indicated. The thesis indicates that the institutional framework of MINUSMA forms interdependency between civilian and military actors, while sharing in ISAF was enabled only when common goals were agreed upon. Military and civilian actors, in both MINUSMA and ISAF point to unclear mandates and vague goals as primary barriers to civilian-military sharing.