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O discurso da Saúde Pública sobre a adolescente grávida: avatares / The discourse of public health on pregnant adolescent: avatarsAlberto Olavo Advincula Reis 22 June 1993 (has links)
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de estabelecer uma análise do discurso da Saúde Pública sobre a adolescente grávida no período de 1930 a 1989. Para tanto, foi apresentado, em primeiro lugar, o exame do contexto conceitual e dos determinantes da noção de adolescência. Em seguida, foi definido o perfil do discurso da Saúde Pública sobre a adolescente grávida através da identificação de suas diferentes temáticas. A idéia básica que orientou tal investigação foi derivada do entendimento de que os enunciados do discurso comportam uma dimensão condicionante que, embora implícita, é sucetível de apreensão e identificação, tanto no plano de seus conteúdos como no de sua organização. Uma vez evidenciados os principais aspectos do discurso da Saúde Púhlica sobre a adolescente grávida, discutiu-se, finalmente, seus limites e as alternativas a ele oferecidas. / The aim of this study was to establish an analysis of Public Health\'s discourse on pregnant adolescents from 1930 to 1989. The conceptual context as well as the main determinants of the concept of adolescent were innitially examined. Further, a profile of Public Health\'s discourse in relation to this question was defined through the identification of different themes envolving pregnant adolescents. The basic idea that has directed this investigation was derived from the understanding that discourse\'s stataments have a conditioning dimension. Such dimension, although implicit, can be aprehended and identified both in its contents and in its organization. Once classified the main aspects of Public Health\'s discourse about the pregnant adolescent, its limits and altematives were discussed.
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Coordination d'équipes et polycentricité : approche pratique d'une analyse institutionnelle de la coordination des équipes de secours d'urgence pré-hospitaliers de la Manche / Teams coordination and polycentricity : a practice based approach of an institutionnal analysis of La Manche pre-hospital emergency care teams coordinationLenesley, Pauline 21 November 2018 (has links)
Cette thèse étudie la coordination des équipes et la polycentricité en proposant une approche ératique d’une analyse institutionnelle de la coordination. En effet, la définition de la coordination n’est pas aisée même si le terme est utilisé quotidiennement dans différents domaines et tout particulièrement celui de la santé. La coordination s’appliquerait aujourd’hui aussi bien aux actions, qu’aux acteurs ou aux éléments d’une activité. Malone et Crowston (1994) relèvent que la coordination est tellement présente dans notre quotidien que nous ne la percevons principalement que lorsqu’elle est défaillante. Pour affiner la compréhension de la coordination étudiée à l’aide des théories des organisations et des théories des comportements organisationnels, de récentes contributions ont privilégié une analyse du caractère micro social, continu et situé de la coordination. Elles examinent les pratiques de coordination développées par les acteurs sur le terrain (par exemple, Faraj, Xiao 2006 ; Bechky, 2006; Kellogg et al., 2006; Jarzabkowski, et al., 2012; Harrison et Rouse, 2014; Schakel et al., 2016; Ben-Menahem et al., 2016; Wolbers et al., 2017 ; Bouty et Drucker-Godard, 2018). L’analyse de la coordination s’inscrirait ainsi dans l’examen des effets récursifs entre pratiques concrètes de coordination et influences institutionnelles. Pour autant, force est de constater que la littérature peine à démontrer ces influences réciproques. L’environnement institutionnel est complexe : de nombreux centres de décisions peuvent être identifiés et sont interdépendants (Ostrom V. et al, 1961). Pour investiguer ces environnements, OstromE (2005) proposent une conception polycentrique de la diversité institutionnelle qui permet de comprendre comment l’on peut mettre en lien l’organisation des moyens pour réaliser une action collective, coordonnée au niveau institutionnel aussi divers soit-il, et les pratiques des acteurs au sein d’arènes d’action. Cette thèse montre que l’approche pratique de l’analyse et développement institutionnel (ADI) proposée par Ostrom E. permet de combiner les différentes analyses de la coordination menées jusqu’à présent dans la littérature gestionnaire au sein d’un même modèle. A l’aide d’une recherche qualitative compréhensive de la coordination des équipes du secours d’urgence pré-hospitalier, nous proposons un cadre d’analyse de la coordination intégrant les différentes approches de la coordination développées en sciences de gestion. Nous détaillons ainsi un élément central du cadre ADI d’Ostrom E. : l’arène d’action qui est le lieu de pratiques de coordination. La prise en compte de la diversité institutionnelle en action amène à repenser l’équipe en méta-collectif. Il est une formation spécifique faite d’interrelations entre de multiples participants d’arènes d’action intriquées. La déclinaison du concept de polycentricité en gestion nous permet également de concevoir des systèmes où un rapport à une ressource est la base d’un système fait d’interrelations vigilantes et responsables. Cette thèse montre également l’importance de composer avec la diversité institutionnelle pour faire face à l’ensemble des situations possibles dans des contextes complexes comme ceux du secours d’urgence pré-hospitalier. Nous proposons de sortir de la logique d’unification comme seule possibilité d’efficience tant les systèmes multi-institutionnels sont flexibles, résilients et sûrs notamment grâce aux retours d’expériences formalisés ou informels qu’il faut encourager. Cependant, dans ces contextes polycentriques un système de règles robuste et adaptable doit être préservé. Le système peut s’adapter de lui-même par modification régulière des dispositions pour agir. L’attention doit alors se porter sur le passage de « règles en usages » au stade « règles institutionnalisées » pour assurer la fiabilité du système. / This thesis studies team coordination and polycentricity by proposing a practical approach to an institutional analysis of coordination. Indeed, the definition of coordination is not easy even if the term is used daily in different areas and especially that of health. Coordination would apply today to actions, actors or elements of an activity. Malone and Crowston (1994) note that coordination is so much present in our daily lives that we only perceive it mainly when it is failing. To refine the understanding of the coordination, studied using organization theory or organizational behavior theory, recent contributions have recognized an analysis of the microsocial, continuous and situated nature of coordination. They examine the coordination practices developed by the actors in the field (e.g. Faraj, Xiao 2006 ; Bechky, 2006; Kellogg and al., 2006; Jarzabkowski, and al., 2012; Harrison and Rouse, 2014; Schakel and al., 2016; BenMenahem and al., 2016; Wolbers and al., 2017 ; Bouty and Drucker-Godard, 2018). The analysis of coordination would thus be part of the examination of the recursive effects between concrete practices of coordination and institutional influences. However, it is clear that the literature struggles to demonstrate these reciprocal influences. The institutional environment is complex, many decision centers can be identified and are interdependent (Ostrom et al, 1961). In order to investigate these environments, Ostrom (2005) propose a polycentric conception of institutional diversity which enables us to understand how we can link the organization of the means to achieve a collective action, coordinated at institutional level as diverse as it can be, and the practices of the actors within action arenas. This thesis shows that the practical approach of the analysis and institutional development framework (ADI) proposed by Ostrom makes possible the combination of the different coordination analyzes carried out so far in the management literature within the same model. Using a comprehensive qualitative research on the coordination of pre-hospital emergency teams, we propose a coordination analysis framework integrating the different approaches to coordination developed in management sciences. We detail a central element of Ostrom's IAD framework: the action arena which is the place of coordination practices. Taking into account institutional diversity in action, leads us to rethink the team in meta-collective. It is a specific training made of interrelationships between multiple participants of intricate action arenas. The concept of polycentricity in management also allows us to design systems where a relationship to a resource is the basis of a system of vigilant and responsible interrelationships. This thesis also demonstrates the importance of dealing with institutional diversity, to deal with all possible situations in complex contexts, such as pre-hospital emergency relief. We propose to leave the logic of unification as the only possibility of efficiency as the multi-institutional systems are flexible, resilient and safe, especially thanks to the formalized or informal feedback that must be encouraged. However, in these polycentric contexts a robust and adaptable rule system must be preserved. The system can adapt itself by regularly changing the provisions for action. Attention must then be turned to the transition from "rules in use" to the stage of "institutionalized rules" to ensure the reliability of the system.
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Institutional Framework and Sustainable Development:A Case from Electricity Generationin BrazilReis Amorim, Lysianne January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
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Scale Matters: Institutional Dynamics and Scalar Politics of Conservation Governance in the Pacific IslandsGruby, Rebecca Lou Blasser January 2013 (has links)
<p>In an era of 'global' oceans crisis, marine conservationists have issued a resounding call to increase the spatial scale of ocean conservation. This dissertation examines the drivers and implications of recent efforts to scale up ocean conservation in places simultaneously celebrated for their revival of community-based conservation: the Pacific Islands region, the Micronesian sub-region, and the nation of Palau. Toward this end, this research engages and advances critical human geography theory on scalar politics and institutional theory on the governance of common pool resources to address the overarching questions: why and how are state and non-state actors rescaling ocean conservation, and with what social, political, and institutional consequences? These questions are approached empirically through a multi-sited case study that ethnographically tracks institutions, actors, funding, and agendas from the 10th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity to five Pacific Island nations and territories, revealing the links among macro and micro level processes in diverse political and geographical spaces. </p><p> This research conceptualizes the rescaling of ocean conservation as an integral component of social struggles for empowerment. Results illustrate how state and non-state actors pursue their contextually specific goals by working together to scale up the objects of ocean conservation. The means through which they achieve rescaling include discursive framings, performative acts, and institutional changes. Most significantly, these `scalar practices' have resulted in empowerment of environmental non-governmental organizations and Pacific Island governments within multi-level conservation governance processes; accumulation of international attention and funding at the regional level in Micronesia; and reduced local autonomy for conservation governance in Palau.</p><p> Overall, this work contributes an empirically grounded, theoretically engaged, and policy-relevant analysis of the scalar politics and institutional dynamics that are reshaping the actors, objectives, and institutions of contemporary ocean conservation across multiple levels of governance. Conclusions advance theory on the scalar dimensions of environmental governance by conceptualizing regions as strategically constructed tools of environmental politics; expanding understanding of the form and function of multi-level regimes for the governance of large common pool resources; and advancing constructive theoretical dialogue between critical human geographers and institutional theorists. This work may also inform policy discussions by illuminating complex tradeoffs that result from scalar rearrangements.</p> / Dissertation
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"Sea Water Fish in a Freshwater Pond:" An Institutional Approach to Understanding Cooperative Scarcity in the United StatesMalone, Caroline E 01 January 2014 (has links)
There is remarkable cooperative organization scarcity in the United States. Particularly in the credit union and worker cooperative sectors, this scarcity is not satisfactorily explained by neo-classical economic models that assume competitive conditions and profit-maximizing organizations. This paper supplements the conventional economic understandings of credit union and worker cooperative scarcity with an institutional analysis. Mechanisms of coercive, mimetic, and normative institutional isomorphism developed in DiMaggio and Powell’s theory of organizational isomorphism are applied to provide greater understanding of credit union and worker cooperative scarcity in the US. It appears that these forces of isomorphism work in conjunction with one another, as well as with competitive forces of isomorphism, to cyclically reproduce the scarcity of credit unions and worker cooperatives which prevails in the US.
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A invenção do Padre: genealogia da subjetivação clerial em seminários católicos / The invention of the Father: genealogy clerial subjectivity in Catholic seminariesMarcio José de Araujo Costa 18 July 2008 (has links)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A presente pesquisa investiga a produção de subjetividade em seminários católicos. Por meio de diversos teóricos, girando em torno do eixo conceitual da Análise Institucional (em sua vertente socioanalítica e, principalmente, esquizoanalítica), pesquisou-se um importante seminário católico diocesano na região Sudeste, um dos primeiros fundados no Brasil. Um seminário é a instituição de internato em que muitos homens vivem, estudam e trabalham, durante oito anos em média, para se tornarem padres. Nossa pesquisa de campo utilizou-se da observação participante, oriunda da antropologia e sociologia, em diversas visitas ao estabelecimento, durante as quais fomos autorizados a participar de todas as atividades dos 110 seminaristas internos. Em seguida, alguns seminaristas, de todas as etapas da formação, e todos os 5 padres formadores foram entrevistados. Recorremos a entrevistas abertas de história de vida, segundo os procedimentos da História Oral italiana. Guiados pela distinção da filosofia de Spinoza de três gêneros de conhecimento, buscamos dramatizar a formação clerical em três níveis de compreensão: os Signos ou afectos, as Noções ou conceitos, as Essências ou perceptos. Por meio dessa trajetória, constatamos o predomínio da dimensão do instituído e de uma modelização homogeneizadora de tipo romana, resultando em que os clérigos ali formados se fechem em uma identidade sacerdotal claramente identificável e encapsulada na obediência aos centros de poder eclesiais: a Cúria romana, a Mitra diocesana e a Paróquia. Busca-se, na formação, reproduzir a subjetividade serializada segundo um Modelo sacerdotal institucionalizado, no qual as dimensões litúrgica e disciplinar são ressaltadas, em detrimento das dimensões místico-políticas sendo a perseguição à Teologia da Libertação um importante analisador dessa característica. A constante vigilância da pureza doutrinal, litúrgica, organizacional e teológica indicou-nos a pressão em reprimir a dimensão místico-profética, que range, querendo se expressar. Em vista disso, bem como de inúmeros outros analisadores, conceitos e personagens produzidos ao longo da pesquisa, pudemos constatar que o desejo clerical, modulado na formação seminarística, oscila entre dois pólos: um pólo sacerdotal-romano-paranóico e um pólo profético-libertador-esquizo. No primeiro, há redução à identidade hegemônica nascida nos centros de poder eclesiais, fechando-se à diferença, na busca de um projeto de imortalidade frente às intempéries da vida e transformações da História, produzindo práticas hierárquicas a partir de um pensamento de caráter transcendente, representativo. No segundo pólo, há busca de singularização, nascida do seguimento a Jesus, o conseqüente compromisso com os menores e excluídos dentro e fora da Igreja e o processo inerente a esta produção de sentido, criando-se, em conseqüência, uma radical imanentização da vida cristã e de seus pólos e transcendências: material/espiritual, fé/vida, Igreja/Mundo, mística/política. O seminário pesquisado, indicador das transformações micropolíticas da Igreja contemporânea, produz hegemonicamente um desejo sacerdotal-romano-paranóico, forjando funcionários do poder da Igreja, burocratas do aparelho de Estado romano, aplicadores de suas rubricas litúrgicas e normas doutrinais e morais, e não profetas do Reino de Deus, máquinas de guerra libertadoras quanto a tudo o que oprime a potência da vida e suas inauditas expressões singulares. / The present search investigates the production of subjectivity at catholic seminaries. Through several theorics, turning around the Institutional Analysis concept axis (in its socianalytical source and, mainly, schizoanalytical), a important diocesan catholic seminary at Southeastern region, one of the first founded in Brazil, was explored. A seminary is a boarding institution where many men live, study and work, during eight years on average, to become priests. Our field research used participant observation, from anthropology and sociology, in sundries visits to the establishment, during which we were allowed to participate in all seminarians activities. Afterwards, some seminarians, all training stages, and all trainers priests were interviewed. By the life history open interviews recourse, according to the italian Oral History procedures. Guided by the Spinozas philosophys distinction of three knowledge genders, we look for dramatize the clerical training in three understanding levels: the Signs or affects, the Notions or concepts, the Essences or percepts. Through this path, we caught the predominance of the instituted dimension and of the roman type homogenization standart, resulting that the clegyrmen who take degree there get close in to a clearly identifiable priesthood identity and encapsulated in obedience to the ecclesiastic power centers: the roman Curia, the diocesan Mitra and the Parish. The purpose, during the training, is to play the serialized subjectivity according to a established priesthood Model, in wich the liturgical and disciplinary dimensions are highlighted, over mystical-politics damaged dimensions the persecution to the Liberation Theology is an important analyser of this feature. The constant surveillance of doctrinal, liturgical, theological and organizational purity indicated us the pression on repress the mystical-prophetic dimension, and its creaks, wishing for express itself. In view of that, as well as numberless others analysers, concepts and characters produced along the survey, we could see that the clerical desire, modulated in the seminaristic training, oscillates between two poles: a priesthood-roman-paranoid pole and a prophetic-liberating-schizo pole. In the first, there is the reduction to the hegemonic identity borned in the ecclesiastics power centers, shutting off the difference, in the search way for a immortality project in face of the lifes storms and Historys changes, producing hierarchical practices from a thought of trancendent, representative kind. In the second pole, there is the search for singling, derived from the Jesus following, the concomitant commitment to the minors and excluded from within and outside the church and the inherent process in this sense production, creating, as consequence, a radical magnetization of Christian life and also of its poles and transcendencies: material/spiritual, faith/life, Church/World, mystical/ politics. The examineted seminary, a contemporary church micropolitical changes indicator, produces in a hegemony way a priesthood-roman-paranoid wish, forging Church power officials, roman state apparatus bureaucrats, its liturgical rubrics applicants and doctrinal and moral rules, and not Gods Kingdom prophets, wars machines setting life power and its unheard singular expression free from everything that oppress them.
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The Semiotic Nature of Power in Social-Ecological SystemsJanuary 2017 (has links)
abstract: Anderies (2015); Anderies et al. (2016), informed by Ostrom (2005), aim to employ robust
feedback control models of social-ecological systems (SESs), to inform policy and the
design of institutions guiding resilient resource use. Cote and Nightingale (2012) note that
the main assumptions of resilience research downplay culture and social power. Addressing
the epistemic gap between positivism and interpretation (Rosenberg 2016), this dissertation
argues that power and culture indeed are of primary interest in SES research.
Human use of symbols is seen as an evolved semiotic capacity. First, representation is
argued to arise as matter achieves semiotic closure (Pattee 1969; Rocha 2001) at the onset
of natural selection. Guided by models by Kauffman (1993), the evolution of a symbolic
code in genes is examined, and thereon the origin of representations other than genetic
in evolutionary transitions (Maynard Smith and Szathmáry 1995; Beach 2003). Human
symbolic interaction is proposed as one that can support its own evolutionary dynamics.
The model offered for wider dynamics in society are “flywheels,” mutually reinforcing
networks of relations. They arise as interactions in a domain of social activity intensify, e.g.
due to interplay of infrastructures, mediating built, social, and ecological affordances (An-
deries et al. 2016). Flywheels manifest as entities facilitated by the simplified interactions
(e.g. organizations) and as cycles maintaining the infrastructures (e.g. supply chains). They
manifest internal specialization as well as distributed intention, and so can favor certain
groups’ interests, and reinforce cultural blind spots to social exclusion (Mills 2007).
The perspective is applied to research of resilience in SESs, considering flywheels a
semiotic extension of feedback control. Closer attention to representations of potentially
excluded groups is justified on epistemic in addition to ethical grounds, as patterns in cul-
tural text and social relations reflect the functioning of wider social processes. Participatory
methods are suggested to aid in building capacity for institutional learning. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2017
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Os mecanismos de mudança isomórfica e respostas estratégicas aos processes institucionais: estudo em organizações hospitalares do município de Taquaritinga-SPSilva, Gislaine Aparecida Gomes da 30 January 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-01-30 / The evolution of the concept of hospital has provoked changes on the focus of the provision of health services and, consequently, on its management (STUMPF, 1996). As a result of these changes, it is important to understand the construction of the institutional arrangements of the medical organizations from the evolution of the concepts of Organizational Theory and, particularly, of the concepts of the new institutionalism. Machado-da-Silva and Gonçalves (1999) state that in parallel to the stage of institutionalization there is the need to consider the mechanisms of isomorphic change and the influence exerted by the environment. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms of change that compete for the isomorphism in two hospital organizations in the town of Taquaritinga-SP as well as identify the strategic responses that are undertaken by such organizations in the face of institutional pressures, from the constructs of DiMaggio and Powell (1983), in organizational level, and Oliver (1991). Questionnaires and interviews were used as data collection technique, characterized as qualitative-quantitative research. In order to understand the significant transformations that impact hospitals, a case study was carried out to evaluate the counterpoints and limitations of theoretical approaches in the structure of the organizations analyzed, comparing the results obtained, what contributed substantially to the description of the institutionalization of hospital practices focused. The mechanisms of isomorphism were established, which were present in different intensities in both organizations and was also noted the divergence between them related to strategies against such practices. Considering the limits of the survey, it was concluded that although there is no total homogeneity in the way both organizations studied behave in the face of changes, hospital practices are partially institutionalized. / A evolução do conceito de hospital tem provocado mudanças no foco da prestação dos serviços de saúde e, consequentemente, em sua gestão (STUMPF, 1996). Em decorrência dessas mudanças, é importante a compreensão da construção dos arranjos institucionais das organizações hospitalares a partir da evolução dos conceitos da Teoria Organizacional e, particularmente, dos conceitos do neoinstitucionalismo. Machado-da-Silva e Gonçalves (1999) afirmam que em paralelo à questão do estágio de institucionalização há necessidade de se considerar os mecanismos de mudança isomórfica e a influência exercida pelo ambiente. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em elucidar quais são os mecanismos de mudança que concorrem para o isomorfismo em duas organizações hospitalares do município de Taquaritinga-SP bem como identificar as respostas estratégicas que são empreendidas por tais organizações frente às pressões institucionais, a partir dos construtos de DiMaggio e Powell (1983), em nível organizacional, e Oliver (1991). Foram utilizados como técnica de coleta de dados questionários e entrevistas, caracterizando-se como pesquisa qualitativo-quantitativa. Para compreensão das significativas transformações que impactam os hospitais, foi realizado estudo de caso no intuito de avaliar os contrapontos e limitações das abordagens teóricas na estrutura das organizações analisadas, comparando-se os resultados obtidos, o que contribuiu substancialmente para a descrição da institucionalização das práticas hospitalares enfocadas. Foram equacionados os mecanismos de isomorfismo, que se fizeram presentes em intensidades diferentes em ambas as organizações e verificou-se também a divergência entre elas relacionada às estratégias frente a essas práticas. Considerando-se os limites da pesquisa, concluiu-se que embora não haja total homogeneidade na forma como ambas as organizações estudadas se comportam frente às mudanças, as práticas hospitalares apresentam-se semiinstitucionalizadas.
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Os mecanismos de mudança isomórfica e respostas estratégicas aos processes institucionais: estudo em organizações hospitalares do município de Taquaritinga-SPSilva, Gislaine Aparecida Gomes da 30 January 2014 (has links)
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6158.pdf: 1353914 bytes, checksum: 0b7552d4d8812d5fa3c09ed45af7d121 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014-01-30 / The evolution of the concept of hospital has provoked changes on the focus of the provision of health services and, consequently, on its management (STUMPF, 1996). As a result of these changes, it is important to understand the construction of the institutional arrangements of the medical organizations from the evolution of the concepts of Organizational Theory and, particularly, of the concepts of the new institutionalism. Machado-da-Silva and Gonçalves (1999) state that in parallel to the stage of institutionalization there is the need to consider the mechanisms of isomorphic change and the influence exerted by the environment. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms of change that compete for the isomorphism in two hospital organizations in the town of Taquaritinga-SP as well as identify the strategic responses that are undertaken by such organizations in the face of institutional pressures, from the constructs of DiMaggio and Powell (1983), in organizational level, and Oliver (1991). Questionnaires and interviews were used as data collection technique, characterized as qualitative-quantitative research. In order to understand the significant transformations that impact hospitals, a case study was carried out to evaluate the counterpoints and limitations of theoretical approaches in the structure of the organizations analyzed, comparing the results obtained, what contributed substantially to the description of the institutionalization of hospital practices focused. The mechanisms of isomorphism were established, which were present in different intensities in both organizations and was also noted the divergence between them related to strategies against such practices. Considering the limits of the survey, it was concluded that although there is no total homogeneity in the way both organizations studied behave in the face of changes, hospital practices are partially institutionalized. / A evolução do conceito de hospital tem provocado mudanças no foco da prestação dos serviços de saúde e, consequentemente, em sua gestão (STUMPF, 1996). Em decorrência dessas mudanças, é importante a compreensão da construção dos arranjos institucionais das organizações hospitalares a partir da evolução dos conceitos da Teoria Organizacional e, particularmente, dos conceitos do neoinstitucionalismo. Machado-da-Silva e Gonçalves (1999) afirmam que em paralelo à questão do estágio de institucionalização há necessidade de se considerar os mecanismos de mudança isomórfica e a influência exercida pelo ambiente. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em elucidar quais são os mecanismos de mudança que concorrem para o isomorfismo em duas organizações hospitalares do município de Taquaritinga-SP bem como identificar as respostas estratégicas que são empreendidas por tais organizações frente às pressões institucionais, a partir dos construtos de DiMaggio e Powell (1983), em nível organizacional, e Oliver (1991). Foram utilizados como técnica de coleta de dados questionários e entrevistas, caracterizando-se como pesquisa qualitativo-quantitativa. Para compreensão das significativas transformações que impactam os hospitais, foi realizado estudo de caso no intuito de avaliar os contrapontos e limitações das abordagens teóricas na estrutura das organizações analisadas, comparando-se os resultados obtidos, o que contribuiu substancialmente para a descrição da institucionalização das práticas hospitalares enfocadas. Foram equacionados os mecanismos de isomorfismo, que se fizeram presentes em intensidades diferentes em ambas as organizações e verificou-se também a divergência entre elas relacionada às estratégias frente a essas práticas. Considerando-se os limites da pesquisa, concluiu-se que embora não haja total homogeneidade na forma como ambas as organizações estudadas se comportam frente às mudanças, as práticas hospitalares apresentam-se semiinstitucionalizadas.
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A invenção do Padre: genealogia da subjetivação clerial em seminários católicos / The invention of the Father: genealogy clerial subjectivity in Catholic seminariesMarcio José de Araujo Costa 18 July 2008 (has links)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A presente pesquisa investiga a produção de subjetividade em seminários católicos. Por meio de diversos teóricos, girando em torno do eixo conceitual da Análise Institucional (em sua vertente socioanalítica e, principalmente, esquizoanalítica), pesquisou-se um importante seminário católico diocesano na região Sudeste, um dos primeiros fundados no Brasil. Um seminário é a instituição de internato em que muitos homens vivem, estudam e trabalham, durante oito anos em média, para se tornarem padres. Nossa pesquisa de campo utilizou-se da observação participante, oriunda da antropologia e sociologia, em diversas visitas ao estabelecimento, durante as quais fomos autorizados a participar de todas as atividades dos 110 seminaristas internos. Em seguida, alguns seminaristas, de todas as etapas da formação, e todos os 5 padres formadores foram entrevistados. Recorremos a entrevistas abertas de história de vida, segundo os procedimentos da História Oral italiana. Guiados pela distinção da filosofia de Spinoza de três gêneros de conhecimento, buscamos dramatizar a formação clerical em três níveis de compreensão: os Signos ou afectos, as Noções ou conceitos, as Essências ou perceptos. Por meio dessa trajetória, constatamos o predomínio da dimensão do instituído e de uma modelização homogeneizadora de tipo romana, resultando em que os clérigos ali formados se fechem em uma identidade sacerdotal claramente identificável e encapsulada na obediência aos centros de poder eclesiais: a Cúria romana, a Mitra diocesana e a Paróquia. Busca-se, na formação, reproduzir a subjetividade serializada segundo um Modelo sacerdotal institucionalizado, no qual as dimensões litúrgica e disciplinar são ressaltadas, em detrimento das dimensões místico-políticas sendo a perseguição à Teologia da Libertação um importante analisador dessa característica. A constante vigilância da pureza doutrinal, litúrgica, organizacional e teológica indicou-nos a pressão em reprimir a dimensão místico-profética, que range, querendo se expressar. Em vista disso, bem como de inúmeros outros analisadores, conceitos e personagens produzidos ao longo da pesquisa, pudemos constatar que o desejo clerical, modulado na formação seminarística, oscila entre dois pólos: um pólo sacerdotal-romano-paranóico e um pólo profético-libertador-esquizo. No primeiro, há redução à identidade hegemônica nascida nos centros de poder eclesiais, fechando-se à diferença, na busca de um projeto de imortalidade frente às intempéries da vida e transformações da História, produzindo práticas hierárquicas a partir de um pensamento de caráter transcendente, representativo. No segundo pólo, há busca de singularização, nascida do seguimento a Jesus, o conseqüente compromisso com os menores e excluídos dentro e fora da Igreja e o processo inerente a esta produção de sentido, criando-se, em conseqüência, uma radical imanentização da vida cristã e de seus pólos e transcendências: material/espiritual, fé/vida, Igreja/Mundo, mística/política. O seminário pesquisado, indicador das transformações micropolíticas da Igreja contemporânea, produz hegemonicamente um desejo sacerdotal-romano-paranóico, forjando funcionários do poder da Igreja, burocratas do aparelho de Estado romano, aplicadores de suas rubricas litúrgicas e normas doutrinais e morais, e não profetas do Reino de Deus, máquinas de guerra libertadoras quanto a tudo o que oprime a potência da vida e suas inauditas expressões singulares. / The present search investigates the production of subjectivity at catholic seminaries. Through several theorics, turning around the Institutional Analysis concept axis (in its socianalytical source and, mainly, schizoanalytical), a important diocesan catholic seminary at Southeastern region, one of the first founded in Brazil, was explored. A seminary is a boarding institution where many men live, study and work, during eight years on average, to become priests. Our field research used participant observation, from anthropology and sociology, in sundries visits to the establishment, during which we were allowed to participate in all seminarians activities. Afterwards, some seminarians, all training stages, and all trainers priests were interviewed. By the life history open interviews recourse, according to the italian Oral History procedures. Guided by the Spinozas philosophys distinction of three knowledge genders, we look for dramatize the clerical training in three understanding levels: the Signs or affects, the Notions or concepts, the Essences or percepts. Through this path, we caught the predominance of the instituted dimension and of the roman type homogenization standart, resulting that the clegyrmen who take degree there get close in to a clearly identifiable priesthood identity and encapsulated in obedience to the ecclesiastic power centers: the roman Curia, the diocesan Mitra and the Parish. The purpose, during the training, is to play the serialized subjectivity according to a established priesthood Model, in wich the liturgical and disciplinary dimensions are highlighted, over mystical-politics damaged dimensions the persecution to the Liberation Theology is an important analyser of this feature. The constant surveillance of doctrinal, liturgical, theological and organizational purity indicated us the pression on repress the mystical-prophetic dimension, and its creaks, wishing for express itself. In view of that, as well as numberless others analysers, concepts and characters produced along the survey, we could see that the clerical desire, modulated in the seminaristic training, oscillates between two poles: a priesthood-roman-paranoid pole and a prophetic-liberating-schizo pole. In the first, there is the reduction to the hegemonic identity borned in the ecclesiastics power centers, shutting off the difference, in the search way for a immortality project in face of the lifes storms and Historys changes, producing hierarchical practices from a thought of trancendent, representative kind. In the second pole, there is the search for singling, derived from the Jesus following, the concomitant commitment to the minors and excluded from within and outside the church and the inherent process in this sense production, creating, as consequence, a radical magnetization of Christian life and also of its poles and transcendencies: material/spiritual, faith/life, Church/World, mystical/ politics. The examineted seminary, a contemporary church micropolitical changes indicator, produces in a hegemony way a priesthood-roman-paranoid wish, forging Church power officials, roman state apparatus bureaucrats, its liturgical rubrics applicants and doctrinal and moral rules, and not Gods Kingdom prophets, wars machines setting life power and its unheard singular expression free from everything that oppress them.
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