Este estudo foi uma pesquisa-intervenção em instituição da Odontologia por meio de um grupo com dez dentistas durante seis encontros, de aproximadamente uma hora e meia cada um, sobre as práticas odontológicas e relações com pacientes e acompanhantes. Sua proposta foi a investigação dos efeitos de uma análise institucional do discurso, método que vem sendo desenvolvido por Marlene Guirado. Foi feita uma análise concreta, em ato e na dimensão grupal, no que se refere à mobilização nos posicionamentos discursivos dos participantes e ao acompanhamento de possíveis movimentos nas relações entre agentes institucionais e clientela. No texto da tese, do ponto de vista teórico, inicialmente trilhamos um percurso pela Odontologia, depreendendo um lugar para o dentista num breve histórico dessa profissão. Posteriormente, apresentamos interfaces existentes na literatura especializada entre Psicanálise, Psicologia e Odontologia, pensando sobre os rumos dessas aproximações interinstitucionais. Então, debruçamo-nos sobre contribuições conceituais e trabalhos acerca de grupo, relevantes para nossa temática do que delineamos como nosso fio condutor de análise as relações institucionais em grupo. Diferenciamo-nos de uma visão de entidade ou mentalidade grupal comum nos meios psicológicos e psicanalíticos. O escrito sobre método é esclarecedor de nossas ideias e seus delineamentos procedurais. Com base nas análises da análise em ato, pudemos perceber efeitos no imaginário e na micropolítica das relações na Odontologia na ordem institucional das cenas e posições no discurso. Defendemos a tese de que a Análise Institucional do Discurso é uma estratégia de pensamento rica para além das entrevistas, seu modo operativo usual, especialmente para o trabalho em grupo, como será reconhecido no tocante à temática que propusemos. Sugerimos ainda que tal método seja referência para novos estudos de intervenção nas áreas da Psicologia e Psicanálise, não apenas em grupo. A fertilidade de tal recurso se refere a articular, na ruptura do instituído, tais áreas do conhecimento mencionadas com outros aportes epistemológicos, como a Análise do Discurso Francesa, a Análise de Instituições Concretas e o pensamento de Foucault. / The present study was an interventional research within the Dentistry institution which involved a group of ten dentists, during six meetings of approximately one and a half hour each, about dental practices and the relationships with patients and their companions. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of one institutional analysis of the discourse, a method which has been developed by Marlene Guirado. A concrete analysis was carried out both in action and in the group dimention, concerning the mobility of speech positions of the participants and about the observation of possible movements in the relationships between institutional agents and clientele. Within the thesis text, from a theoretical point of view, we started off by examining Dentistry itself, understanding the role of the dentist in a brief History of the aforementioned profession. Afterwards, we presented interfaces in the specialized literature concerning Psychoanalysis, Psychology and Dentistry, and we think about the trends of these interinstitutional approximations. That being the case, we focused on the conceptual contributions and studies concerning group, relevant to our theme and to what we drew as our main guideline for the analysis: the institutional relationships in group. We differ from a vision of group entity (or group mind) so common in the psychological and psychoanalytic fields. The writing about method is elucidative of our ideas and their procedural designs. Based on the analysis of the act analysis, it was possible for us to perceive effects in the imaginary and micropolitics of Dentistry relations in the institutional order of the discourse scenes and positions. We defend the thesis that the Institutional Discourse Analysis is a rich thinking strategy for beyond the interviews, its habitual operative style, to group work particularly as it will be recognized in the thematic proposed. We suggest, still, that such method be a reference for new interventional studies in both Psychology and Psychoanalysis fields, not just in a group. The fertility of this recourse concerns linking the aforementioned areas of knowledge with other epistemological bases such as the French Discourse Analysis, Concrete Institutional Analysis and Foucault\'s thoughts, overturning what is established.

Orientador: Solange L'Abbate / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T05:47:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_RosanaAparecida_D.pdf: 5581875 bytes, checksum: 00e9d86de7ff28079b760ab5c21a818d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A Vigilância em Saúde é entendida aqui, como uma instituição - conceito base para a Análise Institucional (AI). Seu processo de institucionalização nos remete à história da Saúde Pública, impactando no atual modelo de gestão e nas ferramentas de trabalho utilizadas em sua contemporaneidade. Considerando que a Vigilância em Saúde tem raízes e processos a partir deste modelo conceitual, há um impacto na prática e estratégias utilizadas pelos sujeitos que dela fazem parte, marcada, muitas vezes, por modelos verticalizados e pouco participativos. O objetivo deste estudo foi estudar a trajetória da Vigilância em Saúde de Campinas (SP) na perspectiva da Análise Institucional sócio-histórica, buscando uma compreensão de sua gênese histórica, social e teórica e seu processo de institucionalização (duração, temporalidade e historicidade). Neste sentido, a proposta da análise institucional na vertente sócio-histórica fundamenta-se na necessidade de ampliação do conhecimento acerca de fatos no passado, mas que ainda possuem repercussão no presente. Foram utilizados alguns conceitos chave da Análise Institucional, como analisador, implicação e instituição ¿ desdobrando em seus momentos instituído, instituinte e institucionalização. Esse estudo teve natureza qualitativa, teórico e empírico, com base em entrevistas semiestruturadas e pesquisa documental. As entrevistas iniciais ¿ chamados de "entrevistas disparadoras" ¿ foram realizadas com os sujeitos que participaram dos processos iniciais de municipalização, descentralização e regionalização da Vigilância em Campinas. Em seguida foram entrevistados outros gestores e trabalhadores dos serviços de saúde que vivenciaram a história mais recente da Vigilância. A maioria das entrevistas foram gravadas e posteriormente transcritas e enviadas aos entrevistados para que acrescentassem ou retirassem o que julgassem importantes. Após a análise dos das entrevistas e de alguns documentos que trouxeram alguns eventos realizados pela Vigilância de Campinas, o grupo entrevistado foi convidado para duas oficinas de restituição para debate sobre os achados e construção do texto. O trabalho demonstrou que o modelo atual de Vigilância não insere o sujeito dentro de suas ações e nem considera seu contexto social. Tendo esse pressuposto como modelo, as estratégias utilizadas pela Vigilância são predominantemente normativas e administrativas, mais ligadas à tecnologia dura e dura-leve, ou seja, pouco se trabalha com as relações intersubjetivas que estão diretamente relacionadas com a missão da Vigilância. O modelo de Vigilância de Campinas, apesar do protagonismo dos sujeitos, mantem pouca articulação com a sociedade e controle social. Os desafios percebidos são relacionados a investir nas tecnologias leves (relacionais) no sentido de incluir os diferentes sujeitos no processo de Vigilância. A possibilidade de intercessão entre suas práticas e a sociedade, deve ser motivada por um desejo de dar autonomia aos sujeitos que protagonizarão mudanças dentro da instituição / Abstract: The Health Surveillance is understood in this thesis as an institution ¿ base concept for the Institutional Analysis. Its process of institutionalization refers to the history of Public Health, presenting an impact in the present model of management and in the work settings utilized in its contemporaneity. Since Health Surveillance has its roots and processes departing from this theoretical model, there is an impact in the practices and strategies used by the subjects who are part of it; this impact is marked very often by verticalized and non-participative models. The objective of this project was to study the journey of the Health Surveillance in Campinas (SP) in the perspective of the socio-historic Institutional Analysis, aiming at a comprehension of its historic, social and theoretical genesis and its process of institutionalization (duration, temporality and historicity). Thus, the institutional analysis purpose in the social-historical field is based in the need of spreading the knowledge about past facts but which still have repercussion until the present. Some key-concepts of the Institutional Analysis were used as analyzer, implication and institution ¿ reshaping its moments as instituted, instituter and institutionalization. This study has a qualitative, theoretical and empirical nature and it is based on semi-structured interviews and document research. The early interviews ¿ so called "triggering interviews" ¿ were made with the subjects who participated in the early processes of municipalization, decentralization and regionalization of the Health Surveillance in Campinas. Following this part other managers and health workers who lived the recent history were interviewed. Most of the interviews was recorded and then transcripted and sent to the interviewees for them to add or erase any information they could judge important. After the analysis of the interviews and some documents which brought up events made by the Health Surveillance, the interviewed group was invited for two restitution workshops for a debate about the discovers and the construction of the text. The work showed that the present model of Health Surveillance is not inclusive in its actions nor considers peoples social contexts. Having this assumption model, the strategies used by the Health Surveillance are mainly based on rules and administration and are more connected to the hard and hard-soft technology, that means that very few works are done about the inter-subjetive relations that are directly related to the mission of the Health Surveillance. The model of Health Surveillance, although its subjects are protagonists, keeps few articulation with the society and its control. The challenges observed are relational to investing in soft technologies (related) in a way that it includes different subject in the process. The possibility of interception between its practices and society must be motived by a desire of giving independence to the subjects who were protagonists in the changes inside of the institution / Doutorado / Ciências Sociais em Saúde / Doutora em Saúde Coletiva

In the tourism literature, seasonality issues are widely existing in almost every destination and well documented particularly in some case located where it is peripheral, and cold-weather. Hotels and entrepreneurs attracted most attention due to the negative effects of seasonality on their business. This is problematic actually the non-profit making actors play a significant role in supplying touristic resources and marketing a destination. Therefore, museums’ responses to seasonality make sense. This thesis, therefore, applying an institutional analysis, examines seasonal patterns of the museums and their knowledge of tourism seasonality, investigates positive and negative effects of seasonality on the museums, and finds out how they tackle seasonality. The aim is to improve understanding and increase knowledge of tourism seasonality and complement the previous research on tourism seasonality with museum perspective. Both descriptive statistics and interviews are applied to serve the aim. The analysis of statistics supplies a statistical seasonal pattern of the study location while four informant interviews were conducted with respondents from tourism organizations and museums. The results show that the seasonal pattern of museums is highly relevant to the seasonal pattern in Umeå. For the museums the negative effects varied from one to another but outweighed the positive ones for all of them. Three strategies are addressed in the way that these museums tackled seasonality. Institutional performance is evaluated in the discussion chapter followed by suggestions for future work.

Cette thèse en cotutelle vise à analyser le processus d'institutionnalisation des accouchements par césarienne au Brésil et en France selon une démarche socio-clinique institutionnelle. Le cadre théorique et méthodologique, dans son caractère dialectique entre institué et instituant, permet d’approcher le processus d'institutionnalisation. Par conséquent, la naissance est comprise comme un analyseur des institutions de « santé maternelle et infantile » et d’« éducation en santé ». La présente recherche est issue d'une étude plus vaste sur la naissance au Canada, en France et au Brésil. Les données sur lesquelles s’appuient cette thèse ont été produites entre 2016 et 2019, au Brésil et en France. Ceci lors de groupes de discussion de parents et de professionnels, d'entretiens individuels avec des professionnels de la santé maternelle et infantile et des participants à un Comité de surveillance des décès maternels et infantiles), ainsi qu’avec des mères et des pères ayant vécu l'accouchement. Un journal de recherche a également été tenu tout au long de la recherche. Les groupes de discussion étaient composés de professionnels des services traditionnels et alternatifs, de parents issus de milieux sociaux différents. Chaque groupe s’est réuni trois fois, ceci pour un total de 12 réunions qui ont été transcrites. Les aspects éthiques de la recherche avec des êtres humains ont été respectés. Une analyse croisée a été effectuée entre les différents types de données, entre les services, entre les groupes et entre les pays, ceci de façon continue, à partir des matériaux produits. Trois axes d’analyse ont été retenus : 1) Naissance par césarienne: un analyseur - de la condition féminine face à la médicalisation, 2) des pratiques professionnelles et des discours, et 3) de l'institutionnalisation de la naissance. Les transcriptions ont fait l’objet d’une analyse thématique. Des synthèses transversales des entrevues ont été réalisées pour chacun des groupes interviewés. L'analyse a également été produite lors de restitutions aux participants. De façon générales, la démarche d’analyse des matériaux était basée sur l'approche d'analyse thématique des auteurs Mucchielli et Paillé. Le Brésil et la France suivent des processus distincts concernant l’institutionnalisation de la césarienne. Le Brésil est le champion des accouchements chirurgicaux sans indication. La France, en revanche, présente une autre réalité, où les naissances sont essentiellement vaginales. Chacun des pays étudiés a sa propre structure sanitaire et éducative mais les deux sont imprégnés par une construction socio-historique et économique marquée par le patriarcat et la soumission féminine. La Nouvelle Gestion Publique influe sur les deux contextes nationaux, précarisant l’offre sanitaire dans un discours ou prédomine les impératifs économiques. En termes d'éducation et de santé, dans tous les pays, la grossesse est essentiellement comprise comme un processus physiologique et donne lieu à de nombreuses interventions sur le corps féminin. Les dimensions techniques et organisationnelles prédominent en soulignant la division intellectuelle et sociale du travail et des connaissances en santé. Les pratiques et les discours des professionnels (dans le processus de travail) influencent le choix (ou non) de pratiquer la césarienne. La progression ou la régression de ce phénomène est liée au degré de mise en œuvre des actions médicales dans les actions de santé. Au moment de la réalisation de cette recherche doctorale, au Brésil, il y a une lutte entre l'institutionnalisation de l'accouchement par césarienne et sa désinstitutionnalisation. En France, en ce qui concerne les césariennes, une discussion sur la «césarienne active» apparait. Celle-ci exprime-t-elle le mouvement d'institutionnalisation de l'accouchement par césarienne dans ce pays ?Mots-clés: césarienne ; accouchement ; éducation à la santé; santé ; éducation, analyse institutionnelle / This is a double titled thesis that aims to analyze the process of institutionalization of cesarean deliveries in Brazil and France from the perspective of institutional social-clinical. The theoretical-methodological framework, in its dialectical character between institute and instituinte, unfolds in the process of institutionalization. Therefore, birth is understood as an analyzer of "maternal and child health" and "health education" institutions. The present research comes from a larger study on births in Canada, France and Brazil. In this thesis, data were produced between 2016 and 2019, in Brazil and France, through focus groups, individual interviews with maternal and child health professionals (and the Brazilian Maternal and Child Death Surveillance Committee), with mothers and fathers who lived the experience of childbirth and the research journal. The focus groups were composed of professionals from traditional and alternative services, parents from different social backgrounds. There were 3 meetings making a total of 12 meetings. The ethical aspects regarding research with human beings were respected. A cross-analysis was carried out between the different types of data, between services, between groups and between countries, on a continuous basis, based on the materials produced. The polished thematic axes were: Birth by cesarean section: an analyzer of the female condition in face of medicalization, of professional practices and discourses, and of the institutionalization of birth. These were arranged in analytical frameworks and organized by group of interviewees and scenarios studied. Afterwards, horizontal summaries of the interviews were carried out, by groups interviewed. The analysis was also produced during the time of restitution to the participants and was based on the thematic analysis approach of the authors Mucchielli and Paillé. Brazil and France demarcate distinct processes. Brazil is the champion in surgical deliveries without indication. France, on the other hand, presents another reality, in which births are mostly vaginal. It was possible to learn that although each of the countries studied has its peculiar sanitary and educational structure, they are marked by a sociohistorical-economic construction outlined by the patriarchy and female subjugation. The marks of New Public Management are present in both contexts and reveal a precariousness of offers and actions supported by a discourse of economic fragility. In terms of education and health, in any of the countries, pregnancy is understood as a physiological process and developed with numerous interventions on the female body. There is an appreciation of the technical and organizational dimensions pointed out by an intellectual and social division of work and knowledge in health. The practices and discourses of professionals (in their work process) influence the occurrence (or not) of cesarean delivery. The progression or regression of this is related to the degree of implementation of medical actions in health actions. In this way, in Brazil there is a struggle between the institutionalization of cesarean delivery in comparison with its deinstitutionalization. In France, in relation to cesarean sections, there is a discussion on "active cesarean section". Would this be the movement of institutionalization of cesarean delivery in this country?Keywords: cesarean section; childbirth; health education; health; education

The United States’ electric macro-grid provides electricity for all people to sustain our lifestyle. The current governing institutions that generate our electricity limit community representation, causing procedural injustice particularly to communities of color. This thesis is a contribution to the Energy Democracy literature, describing a community-based electricity model that includes two components: property and people. I argue to include an in-depth study of John Locke’s theories on property, in addition to Elinor Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development Framework to promote local knowledge in understanding how physical space and governing bodies strengthen the Energy Democracy movement. In addition, I utilize the works from Karl Marx and Grace Lee Boggs to describe the process of local self-reliance to community empowerment. This Energy Democracy approach centering property and people aims to revolutionize a system that promotes equity and democracy.

Payments for ecosystem services (PES), or conservation incentives, are an increasingly popular approach to encouraging natural resources conservation on private lands. The goal of PES approaches is to motivate conservation by private landowners that would not otherwise take place by providing an economic incentive. To achieve this goal, incentive programs must be available to landowners who can provide the desired services; supportive policy structures must be in place; landowners must be willing to participate as sellers of ecosystem services; and the program itself must have an institutional structure that effectively regulates the production, sale, and maintenance of targeted ecosystem services. This dissertation uses a combination of case study and comparative research methods to develop new knowledge and tools for assessing each of these necessary conditions for success. The potential development of an incentive program to conserve habitat for endangered jaguars in southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico is used as a case study to understand the attitudes of ranchers toward participation in PES programs and related policies and regulations. Results show that ranchers have strong intrinsic conservation motivations unrelated to economic incentives, coupled with significant concerns about the impacts of government regulations that could accompany participation in a PES program. Comparative research of the institutional structures of existing PES programs is carried out using the Institutional Analysis and Development framework. Focusing on water quality trading, one of the most common types of PES program, a classification system for PES program institutional arrangements is developed and the utility of the classification system for analyzing institutional diversity is demonstrated. Together, the case study and comparative research provide a means of linking empirical assessment of PES governance models with the preferences of targeted participants, increasing the likelihood of successful conservation outcomes.

At the end of 2008, the sector of secondary raw materials, as well as a major part of other sectors of economy, has been hit by a global economical recession. In comparison with usual incidences as sales, employment or payment problems, the recession had here, nevertheless, one specificity -- impact upon environment. The secondary raw materials are used to be employed by the manufacturers to the production of goods provided their price is lower than this of primary commodities. However, in the said period, consumer demand and production decreased, and in this consequence also prices of primary raw materials diminished heavily. Thereby the market of secondary raw materials practically stopped. But it was not possible to stop also their production, because recycling, process of secondary raw materials manufacture, is compulsory in the EU countries. Due to this situation, fears on the collapse of the whole system of waste separation occurred, but also different proposals for solutions of this problem appeared. Although the situation on the market for secondary raw materials in the latest months starts to be stabilized, this problem is always actual and that's why it became also theme of this dissertation. Thus, this diploma paper's objective is to make an attempt to characterize the current situation in the market for secondary raw materials with the exploitation of the institutional analysis and, subsequently, to examine its changes evoked by the introduction of the "anti-crisis" measures. The practical part of these theses is based on the application of the method developed by proprietress of the Nobel Prize for economy for 2009, Elinor Ostrom, and her colleagues at Indiana University, so-called IAD Framework -- Institutional Analysis and Development Framework. This selected research method is relatively unknown in our place and so a quite new and authentic view at this whole matter can be therefore expected.

O objetivo deste trabalho é confrontar duas formas de tratamento para autismo muito reconhecidas na área da psicologia: a psicanálise e a análise do comportamento aplicada (ABA). O método que instrumentou a pesquisa, desde a formulação de seus objetivos, foi a Análise Institucional do Discurso, de Marlene Guirado. Foram analisados os discursos dos profissionais de cada uma das abordagens, de modo a configurar o lugar do paciente, da família e do analista. Os resultados da análise das entrevistas, corpus discursivo do estudo, foram até certo ponto surpreendentes: não se observaram apenas diferenças no modo como psicanalistas e analistas do comportamento veem a criança com autismo, a família, seu próprio trabalho e o alcance do método de tratamento, como se poderia esperar pela história de divergências teórico-técnicas e epistemológicas entre essas disciplinas do conhecimento, da pesquisa, e da prática profissional. Foram, então, traçadas aproximações e distinções entre os discursos. Tanto as analistas do comportamento quanto as psicanalistas se relacionaram com a criança e com o autismo tal como antecipados pela teoria e pelo método que suportam sua ação. Do mesmo modo, aproximam-se no que diz respeito ao lugar atribuído à criança. Distanciam-se no que diz respeito à confiança mostrada sobre o alcance de mudanças, à objetividade com que definem pontos de partida e de chegada pelos trabalhos clínicos e às certezas quanto aos resultados e à eficácia dos procedimentos terapêuticos e à inserção programada dos pais no tratamento. O estudo aponta, também, para a dimensão institucional de tais práticas de tratamento: o problema da direção e da sustentação do olhar é uma marca da cena terapêutica, e não propriamente, ou apenas, da criança. ABA e psicanálise buscam estender seus âmbitos de ação sobre o autismo, como seu objeto institucional. Nesse jogo, a criança, observada, interpretada, relatada, permanece sem lugar de enunciação / The objective of this study is to confront two forms of treatment for autism very recognized in psychology: Psychoanalysis and Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). The method that instrumented the research, from formulation of their goals, was the Institutional Analysis of Discourse, Marlene Guirado. We analyzed the speeches of professionals of each approach in order to configure the place of the patient, family, and analyst. The results of the interviews, the discursive corpus of this study, were to some extent surprising: there were not only differences in how psychoanalysts and behavior analysts \"see\" the child with autism, their family, their work and the scope of the method treatment, as one might expect, considering the history of the epistemological, theoretical, and technical differences among these disciplines of knowledge, research, and professional practices. Were then traced the similarities and distinctions between speeches. Both behavior analysts as the psychoanalysts were related to the child and autism with an \"anticipated\" image given by the theory and the method that support its action. Similarly, they approximate in respect to the place assigned to the child. They distance, as to the certainty of outcomes and efficacy of therapeutic procedures; certainties regarding the planned inclusion of parents in treatment, trust shown on the scope of changes and in the objectivity with which they define points of departure and arrival for clinical work. The study also points to the institutional dimension of such treatment: the problem of gaze direction and support is a trademark of therapeutic scene and, not exactly, or only, child. ABA and Psychoanalysis seek to extend their spheres of action on autism, as their institutional object. In this game, the child, observed, interpreted, reported, there remains with no place of enunciation

Este trabalho estuda os modos de produção discursiva do que se denomina, na atualidade, deficiência. Vale-se da análise institucional do discurso, proposta por Marlene Guirado, como referência teórico-metodológica em todas as etapas da pesquisa, em especial para a análise das entrevistas realizadas. Estas trazem à cena o discurso de quatro pessoas (re)conhecidas como pessoas com deficiência e de seus familiares; todas as quatro matriculadas na rede municipal de ensino de uma cidade próxima à cidade de São Paulo. O período de realização das entrevistas (2008-2010) coincide com o momento em que as práticas vinculadas ao modelo tradicional de ensino ofertado àqueles alunos (educação especial) passam a ser substituídas por práticas enunciadas como visando outro modelo de ensino, denominado educação inclusiva. Também é analisado o discurso de seis educadores e seis profissionais de outras áreas, todos eles ligados direta ou indiretamente às quatro pessoas com deficiência e em contato direto ou indireto entre si, no cotidiano profissional. Analisadas uma a uma, as entrevistas são agrupadas primeiramente pela sua origem, a saber: pessoas e familiares; educadores e terapeutas. São analisadas as singularidades que se destacam em cada entrevista e as regularidades que se desenham pela repetição de termos e expressões no entrecruzamento desses discursos. Obtêm-se, dessa forma, categorias que não só constituem o campo discursivo específico do conjunto de entrevistas como indicam os gêneros discursivos e os modos particulares de dizer e colocar em circulação um discurso da deficiência. Assim efetivada, a análise permite afirmar que a deficiência, dita como falta, limitação, dificuldade; mostrada como imperfeição, doença, bloqueio, também é associada, pela negação, à capacidade/incapacidade dos sujeitos. A transitividade dos termos enunciados não é complementada senão com termos vagos e gerais, como artigos e pronomes indefinidos. Contrastada, no discurso, com as narrativas de experiências e histórias concretas de vida, em especial na fala das pessoas com deficiência e de seus familiares, a dimensão conceitual e abstrata da categoria deficiência parece não ter destaque na enunciação, dando lugar ao inefável da experiência humana / This is a study of modes of discourse production of the currently so-called disability. The institutional analysis of discourse as proposed by Marlene Guirado was used as a theoretical and methodological reference of the research study in all phases of this study, particularly in the analysis of the interviews. The interviews conveyed the discourses of four individuals known as people with disabilities and their families. The individuals were public school students from a town near the city of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. The study was conducted during a transition period when the traditional model of special education was replaced with inclusive education. All interviews were carried out between 2008 and 2010. The discourses of six educators and six providers from other areas were also analyzed. They worked directly or indirectly with the individuals in study and maintained direct or indirect relationships between themselves during their daily work. The interviews were analyzed one by one and then grouped by their origin: individuals and their families; educators and therapists. Notable distinctive features and common characteristics of discourses evidenced by word repetition and use of similar expressions were examined. This analysis produced categories that not only marked specific discursive areas but also identified discourse genres and particular ways of expressing and conveying a discourse of disability. This analysis showed that disability articulated as lack, limitation, difficulty, and shown as imperfection, disease, and restraint is associated by denial with the subjects ability/inability. The transitivity of the terms used is complemented only with vague, general words such as articles and indefinite pronouns. The abstract conceptual dimension of the disability category contrasting with narratives of experiences and stories of real life, especially in the discourse of those with disabilities and their families, seems to have no highlight in the enunciation, giving rise to the inexpressible human experience

O presente trabalho consiste na realização de uma análise institucional do discurso do texto Introdução ao Narcisismo (Freud, 1914/2010), configurando assim uma pesquisa sobre o conceito de narcisismo que, ao tomá-lo por sua contextualização na obra freudiana, visa a um estudo que considere a especificidade de sua emergência no âmbito institucional da psicanálise e seu impacto no corpo da teoria freudiana. Busca-se, nesse sentido, pensar o narcisismo não apenas em referência ao seu conteúdo como conceito, mas principalmente em referência à sua qualidade de acontecimento no âmbito do pensamento freudiano, de modo que seja possível, a partir do texto em análise: traçar os sentidos adquiridos pelo conceito em relação ao seu contexto de produção e suas condições de possibilidade; procurar os pontos de tensão e ruptura na teoria; problematizar as verdades produzidas em relação àquilo que pretendem responder. Todo o trabalho circunscreve-se no domínio da Análise Institucional do Discurso (Guirado, 2010), a estratégia metodológica que permitiu o levantamento da questãotítulo, que dispõe as hipóteses norteadoras da pesquisa, que delimita os procedimentos de análise. Pela atenção ao contexto que se mostra no texto, ao modo como Freud faz a introdução desse conceito, às interlocuções travadas nessa introdução, as análises puderam configurar o narcisismo: como um saber que parece demarcar fronteiras institucionais ao reiterar, no âmbito da legitimidade da produção de conhecimento psicanalítico, a sexualidade; como um saber que parece instaurar pontos de tensão na teoria freudiana (desde a teoria das pulsões até a concepção de psiquismo e neurose) precisamente pelos efeitos do conceito de narcisismo como modo de enunciação; como um saber que parece introduzir um novo modo de falar/tratar do conceito de pulsão que dá foco aos seus movimentos de direção e localização entre o Eu e o objeto, e não à sua qualidade ou conteúdo , desenhando-se, a partir disso, o narcisismo como ponto de partida e condição de possibilidade de relação, no início da vida, e de formação de uma censura ao Eu real, no decorrer do desenvolvimento; como um saber que, pelas aberturas do discurso de Freud, mostra-se na tensão entre método e verdade / This work consists of making an institutional analysis of discourse of the text Introduction to Narcissism (Freud, 1914/2010), thus setting a research on the concept of narcissism that, taking it for its contextualization in Freud\'s work, aims at a study that considers the specificity of its emergence within the institutional framework of psychoanalysis and its impact on the body of Freudian theory. It seeks, in that sense, to think narcissism in reference not only to its content as a concept, but mostly in reference to its quality of event within the Freudian thought, so that it is possible, from the text analysis: to trace the senses acquired by the concept in relation to its context of production and its conditions of possibility; to look for the points of tension and rupture in the theory; to question the truths produced in relation to what they intended to respond. This work is limited in the field of Institutional Analysis of Discourse (Guirado, 2010), the methodological strategy that enabled the lifting of the question-title, that disposes the guiding hypotheses of the research, that delimits the analysis procedures. By paying attention to the context that is shown in the text, to how Freud introduces this concept, to the interlocutions made in this introduction, the analyses were able to configure the narcissism: as a knowledge that seems to demarcate institutional frontiers by reiterating, at the scope of legitimacy of production of psychoanalytic knowledge, the sexuality; as a knowledge that seems to place points of tension in Freudian theory (from the theory of the drives up to the conception of psyche and neurosis) precisely by the effects of the concept of narcissism as mode of enunciation; as a knowledge that seems to introduce a new way to talk/to deal with the concept of drive that gives focus to its movements of direction and location between the Self and the object, not to its quality or content , in a manner that the narcissism is placed as starting point and condition of possibility to relation, in the beginning of life, and to the formation of a censorship to the real Self, in the course of development; as a knowledge that, by the openings in Freuds discourse, presents itself in the tension between method and truth