Resumé This master thesis is focused on description and summary of information about Czech politics, geography, sport, culture and Czech character which may be met by foreigner in selected textbooks for foreigners. The goal is to determine whether and how these findings correspond to the research about Czech culture and differences between national cultures, done by some scientists. The aim is to provide information in which way are shown in selected textbooks topics as power distance, role of man an woman in society, how are in textbooks described people from the point of age, if there is taken shape of competitiveness or cooperation, how the Czech ethnics is described, view on own history, what is the image of foreigners in textbooks and how is presented Czech culture. Works wonders whether the manner and content of the information presented about Czech culture can be understood by a foreign ethnic group, which is currently living in the Czech Republic.

Resumé This master thesis is focused on description and summary of information about Czech culture and Czech character which may be met by foreigner in selected textbooks for foreigners. The goal is to determine whether and how these findings correspond to the research about Czech culture and differences between national cultures, done by some scientists. The aim is to provide information in which way are shown in selected textbooks topics as power distance, role of man an woman in society, how are in textbooks described people from the point of age, if there is taken shape of competitiveness or cooperation, how the Czech ethnics is described, view on own history, what is the image of foreigners in textbooks and how is presented Czech culture. Works wonders whether the manner and content of the information presented about Czech culture can be understood by a foreign ethnic group, which is currently living in the Czech Republic.

O presente estudo tem por objetivo contribuir para a compreensão do pensamento político de Cícero no contexto do Pro Milone. Analisar-se-ão, portanto, a construção retórica do discurso, evidenciando o modo como a conduta de Clódio justificaria a violência de Milão no intuito de preservar o Estado. Ao mesmo tempo, a partir de uma análise histórica da carreira de Clódio, pode-se refletir sobre os aspectos políticos do seu relacionamento com Cícero e Milão, contrapondo os argumentos apresentados no discurso. / This dissertation aims at contributing to the discussion and comprehension of Ciceros political thinking in the context of the Pro Milone. The speech rhetoric is analyzed, focusing on how Clodius would justify the Milan violence as a means to preserve the state. Based on analyzes of Clodiuss career, this dissertation focuses on the political aspects of Clodiuss relationship with Cicero and Milan, contrasting the arguments presented in the speech

This dissertation consists of four empirical papers analysing and discussing central bank policies in the post-crisis period. After the global financial crisis central bankers and other regulators have faced many new challenges, including a prolonged period of acommodative monetary policy, side effects of monetary policy easing on financial stability and interaction of macroprudential, microprudential and monetary policy. On top of that, policy makers must deal with uncertainty surrounding the transmission and the effectiveness of newly introduced macroprudential measures. The empirical analyses focus primarily on the Czech Republic and its banking sector, with an exception of the first essay. Using data for the Czech Republic and five euro area countries, the first essay shows that monetary tightening has a negative impact on the credit-to-GDP ratio and banks' capital-to-asset ratio, while these effects have strengthened considerably since mid-2011. This supports the view that accommodative monetary policy contributes to a build- up of financial vulnerabilities, i.e. it boosts the credit cycle. The second essay assesses the transmission of higher additional capital requirements stemming from capital buffers and Pillar 2 add-ons on banks' capital ratio, capital surplus and implicit risk weights. The results...

Analyzování rozdílů mezi jednotlivými metodami kvantifikace hodnoty pro zákazníka z praktického hlediska, interpretace výsledků a formulace výhod a nevýhod jednotlivých metod (aditivní, substrakční a poměrová metoda měření hodnoty pro zákazníka).

No dia 08 de abril de 52 a. C, quase três anos depois de terminar sua mais completa obra retórica, De oratore, Cícero retorna a sua atividade nos tribunais. Diante da aparência inusitada do fórum, cercado pela guarnição armada de Pompeu e lotado de um público hostil, o Arpinate comparece para defender o amigo e tribuno Tito Ânio Milão, acusado de assassinar o rival político Públio Clódio Pulcro. Fontes antigas atestam que, prejudicado por fatores externos, Cícero não se teria apresentado nesse dia com a costumeira efetividade. Embora não tenha vencido essa causa, a versão que mais tarde publicou do discurso em defesa de Milão, Pro Milone, tornou-se referência no âmbito da retórica judiciária e é considerado por muitos estudiosos uma obra prima do gênero. Nesta dissertação, apresentamos uma tradução anotada desse discurso em português, acompanhada de um estudo do respectivo processo de invenção (inventio): descoberta e exame das estratégias, argumentos e linhas de defesa destinados a persuadir. Estruturamos a tratativa da invenção de acordo com as divisões que Cícero estabelece para essa parte da retórica, ou seja, conforme os três modos de influenciar a mente dos ouvintes: docere (instruir), conciliare (cativar) e movere (comover) (cf. De orat. II, 115). Apoiando-nos fundamentalmente nas teorias expostas no De oratore, mas também em outras fontes antigas e modernas, procuramos identificar e descrever as estratégias retóricas empregadas no Pro Milone para dar conta de cada um desses meios de persuasão. / On April 8th, 52 B.C., nearly three years after finishing his most complete rhetorical work, De oratore, Cicero resumed his duties in the courts. Against the forums extraordinary backdrop, surrounded by the armed garrison of Pompeii and packed with a hostile audience, the Arpinate appeared there to defend his friend and tribune Titus Annius Milo, accused of assassinating rival politician Publius Clodius Pulcher. Ancient sources indicate that Cicero, undermined by external factors, did not exhibit his customary effectiveness on that day. Although he did not win the case, the subsequently published version of the speech in defense of Milo, Pro Milone, became a benchmark in legal rhetoric, deemed by many scholars to be a masterpiece of the genre. In this dissertation, we present an annotated Portuguese translation of the speech, accompanied by a study of the respective invention (inventio) process: discovery and examination of strategies, arguments and lines of defense intended to persuade. We have structured our discussion of invention according to Ciceros distinctions for this part of rhetoric, or rather, according to the three methods of influencing the listeners mind: docere (instruct), conciliare (win over) and movere (stir) (cf. De orat. II, 115). Drawing essential support from the theories set forth in De oratore, as well as from other ancient and modern sources, we seek to identify and describe the rhetorical strategies used in Pro Milone in order to account for each of these means of persuasion. Key Words:

Summary: While multiple organs are affected in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, chronic lung disease is the most severe clinical manifestation caused by chronic bacterial infection and concomitant airway inflammation. The sequence of events at the onset of pulmonary infection and inflammation is controversial and not fully characterized. The aim of this work was to highlight an early inflammatory state in CF airways before any infection and to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this intrinsic inflammation. We showed increased levels of pro-inflammatory proteins in the lungs of a CF fetus compared to the lungs of two normal fetuses. Using different CF cell models, we confirmed the over-production of numerous pro-inflammatory molecules. We then demonstrated that the transcription of these inflammatory genes is NF-kB and AP-1-dependent and that these transcription factors are activated through IKK and ERK kinase activation. We also identified that the IL-1b and bFGF inhibition, two pro-inflammatory proteins over-expressed in our CF models, decreased the expression of several pro-inflammatory genes. Among the molecules over-secreted by CF epithelial cells, chemokines such as IL-8, Gro-a, Gro-b, Gro-g and ENA-78 or growth factors such as VEGF and bFGF are know to be pro-angiogenic factors. We further demonstrated that conditioned media from CF epithelial cells were able to induce proliferation, migration and sprouting of cultured primary endothelial cells. Our data demonstrated that the absence of CFTR (CF transmembrane conductance regulator) at the plasma membrane leads to an intrinsic AP-1 and NF-kB activation. These activations lead to a pro-inflammatory state sustained through autocrine factor secretion and also through the angiogenic process induced by CF epithelial cells.

Pro forma EPS reporting is a fairly new accounting disclosure; it has since been modified in 2003 by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, to include additional disclosure and filing requirements. This “Regulation G” has been around for nearly a decade and since that time a major financial crises in the United States has occurred. This study attempts to analyze trends in pro forma EPS reporting within the S & P 500 constituents during the Great Recession, and speculate as to whether earnings management was apparent. This study provides evidence that there was a significant increase in the proportion of pro forma disclosers and magnitudes of those disclosers. Results also indicate that the presence of negative earnings and intangibles have a significant effect on the magnitude of these differences and that there appears to be a level of consistency in pro forma reporting among firms. Results allude to the possibility of short term and long term earnings management strategies during the Great recession among S & P 500 constituents.

Following study is about the anorexic behavior and the pro-ana movement, which is a web-based subculture where the followers of this, stands for anorexia as an identity position and lifestyle, rather than a disease. The purpose of this study was that, from a sociological perspective give possible interpretations of the anorexic behavior, and interpret why some anorexics choose to be a part of and identify oneself with the pro-ana movement. The reason has been to conduce more knowledge and understanding of the topics, but also to contribute with a deeper perspective and sociological approach to the former research that is already available. To conduct the study, qualitative research has been used, and the chosen methodology was document analysis/text analysis. The collected empirical data consisted material from two pro-ana forums, four blogs and six twitter accounts, where all the users of those claimed to be supporters of the pro-ana. The empirical data has been interpreted by Howard S. Becker's theory of deviance, Erving Goffman's theory of stigma and his dramaturgical theory. In addition, previous research has also been used as a support. The study has shown that anorexics by being stigmatized for their deviant behavior may take different consequences for their actions. These are in the form of social isolation, concealment of behavior and resistance from the rest of society etcetera. Furthermore, the study also revealed that the major reason that anorectics choose to be a part of the pro-ana is because they are in need of interaction with likeminded people. Through membership the anorectics may get the status and attention they need, and at the same time take part of a community where they are not questioned, but rather perceived as fully normal.

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