This dissertation analyses whether the rights of indigenous people are being recognised, respected and upheld when the state awards prospecting and mining rights on land owned and lawfully occupied by indigenous people in South Africa. This analysis is based on the fact that most prospecting and mining rights in South Africa are awarded on or around communal lands where rural communities and, in some instances, indigenous people reside. Through the Constitution, the NEMA, the MPRDA and other environmental sector-specific legislation examples, it is established that the state tends to prioritise economic development that alienates indigenous peoples' right to live in a healthy and safe environment as a result of the on-going mining operations. A sustainable approach which appreciates the balance between economic, social and environmental sustainability is proposed as a means and step towards realisation of South Africa's mineral wealth, the right of communities to live in a healthy environment and community, as well as prior consultation when prospecting and mining rights are awarded on communal lands. The approach of the Bengwenyama-ye-Maswati Constitutional Court decision pertaining to the rights of local communities and indigenous people when mining takes place in South Africa is adopted to link the three sustainability pillars to the realisation of the rights of these local communities. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This dissertation analyses whether the rights of indigenous people are being recognised, respected and upheld when the state awards prospecting and mining rights on land owned and lawfully occupied by indigenous people in South Africa. This analysis is based on the fact that most prospecting and mining rights in South Africa are awarded on or around communal lands where rural communities and, in some instances, indigenous people reside. Through the Constitution, the NEMA, the MPRDA and other environmental sector-specific legislation examples, it is established that the state tends to prioritise economic development that alienates indigenous peoples' right to live in a healthy and safe environment as a result of the on-going mining operations. A sustainable approach which appreciates the balance between economic, social and environmental sustainability is proposed as a means and step towards realisation of South Africa's mineral wealth, the right of communities to live in a healthy environment and community, as well as prior consultation when prospecting and mining rights are awarded on communal lands. The approach of the Bengwenyama-ye-Maswati Constitutional Court decision pertaining to the rights of local communities and indigenous people when mining takes place in South Africa is adopted to link the three sustainability pillars to the realisation of the rights of these local communities. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The MNC literature treats the (parent) HQ as entirely benevolent with respect to their perceived and actual intentions when they intervene at lower levels of the MNC. However, HQ may intervene in subsidiaries in ways that demotivate subsidiary employees and managers (and therefore harm value-creation). This may happen even if such intervention is benevolent in its intentions. We argue that the movement away from more traditional hierarchical forms of the MNC and towards network MNCs placed in more dynamic environments gives rise to more occasions for potentially harmful intervention by HQ. Network MNCs should therefore be particularly careful to anticipate and take precautions against "intervention hazards". Following earlier research, we point to the role of normative integration and procedural justice, but argue that they also serve to control harmful HQ intervention (and not just subsidiary opportunism). (authors' abstract)

Bakgrund: Barn behöver ibland uppsöka sjukvård för att genomgå vårdprocedurer av olika slag. Barns reaktioner på oro och rädsla styrs av ålder, förståelse, fantasi och verklighetsuppfattning. Barn behöver därför förberedas inför obehagliga ingrepp som ska hända till exempel: smärtsamma undersökningar, venpunktion eller injektioner. Dessa undersökningar kan skapa oro och rädsla hos barn. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva olika icke farmakologiska avledande metoder och dess effekter vid procedursmärta hos barn. Samt att beskriva undersökningsgrupperna i de inkluderade artiklarna. Metod: En deskriptiv design användes för att besvara litteraturstudiens syfte och frågeställningar. Studien baserades på tretton vetenskapliga artiklar. De vetenskapliga artiklarna söktes i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Artiklarna var publicerade mellan åren 2006-2016. Huvudresultat: Studien påvisar att icke farmakologiska avledande metoder som till exempel: blåsa såpbubblor, titta i ett kalejdoskop, lyssna på musik eller använda ”Buzzy” har haft lindrande effekt på barns rädsla, oro och smärta. Effekterna har skattats med hjälp av olika skalor genom sjuksköterskors, forskare och föräldrars observationer. Barnen har själva fått skattat effekterna av de icke farmakologiska avledande metoderna. Slutsats: I resultatet i föreliggande studie har författarna kommit fram till att icke farmakologiska avledande metoder kan lindra barnens rädsla, oro eller smärta vid olika omvårdnadshandlingar. Författarna har även kommit fram till slutsatsen att de avledande metoderna som undersökts kan användas i det vardagliga arbetet inom barnsjukvården. / Background: Children sometimes need to seek medical help in order to undergo treatment procedures of various kinds. Children's reaction to anxiety and fear are governed by age, understanding, imagination and perception of reality. Children therefore need to be prepared for unpleasant procedures that they will undergo, such as: painful examinations, venipuncture or injections. These procedures can create anxiety and fear in children. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the various non - pharmacological istraction methods and its effects on procedural pain in children. And to describe the study groups in the included articles. Method: A descriptive design was used to answer the literature studies experimental purpose and questioning. The study was based on thirteen scientific articles. The papers were searched in databases Cinahl and PubMed. The articles were published between the years 2006-2016. Result: The study demonstrates that non - pharmacological distraction methods for example: playing with soap bubbles, looking through a kaleidoscope, listen to music and use a “Buzzy” have had a soothing effect on children’s fear, anxiety and pain. The effects have been estimated using different scales by nurses, researchers and parents' observations. The children themselves have been estimating the effects of the non - pharmacological distraction methods. Conclusion: In the results of the present study, the authors concluded that non-pharmacological distraction methods can ease children's fear, anxiety or pain at different nursing actions. The authors have also come to the conclusion that the distraction methods investigated can be used in everyday work in pediatric care.

In networked MNCs where knowledge and power are distributed, corporate strategy processes benefit from input arising from many different levels of the organization. Recently, the regional (i.e., supra-national) level has been emphasized as an important additional source of knowledge and input, and as a bridge between local subsidiaries and global corporate headquarters. This paper builds theory on the antecedents to regional headquarters' influence on corporate decisions (i.e., organizational, behavioral, and motivational). Based on a survey of regional headquarters in Europe and their relations with MNC headquarters, we provide empirical evidence that a regional headquarters' autonomy and signaling behavior have significant effects on its influence on corporate strategy. Furthermore, we find support for our hypothesis that the regional headquarters' charter moderates such bottom-up influence. (authors' abstract)

The technology principle in the Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (NCTM, 2000) states that technology plays an important role in how teachers teach mathematics and in how students learn mathematics. The purpose of this sequential explanatory mixed-methods study was to examine the impact of interactive applets on students’ understanding of parameter changes to parent functions. Students in the treatment classes were found to have statistically significantly higher posttest scores than students in the control classes. Although the data analysis showed a statistically significant difference between classes on procedural understanding, no statistically significant difference was found with regard to conceptual understanding. Student and teacher interviews provided insight on how and why the use of applets helped or hindered students’ understanding of parameter changes to parent functions.

Political scientists have conducted much work examining a court's decision on the merits of a case. We have concluded that ideology has a strong influence on the outcome on the merits of a decision. Furthermore, courts seek to render a decision that is closest to their own policy preferences. However, federal circuit courts within the judicial hierarchy are constrained by other actors according to the strategic model. There is an abundance of evidence showing that superior actors constrain courts' ideological preferences when such courts render decisions on the merits. However, there is a dearth of scholarship regarding judicial decision making on threshold issues. I argue that federal circuit courts set their judicial agendas by transforming their mandatory appellate jurisdiction into one that is discretionary. They achieve this goal by controlling the type of litigants who gain access to the courts by deciding cases on threshold grounds. I also argue that federal circuit courts are responsive to changes in Congress's ideology because Congress has power to control threshold issues through various mechanisms. I seek to establish that the grounds upon which as case is dismissed -- jurisdictional, justiciable, and procedural -- defines the parameters that constrain federal circuit courts.

The performance of mathematics and physical science students are very low in South Africa. These students lack algebraic knowledge and skills in physics education. They tend to treat mathematics and science as separate entities; to them the two subjects are not related. Even the teachers seem not to realise the interrelationship of the two subjects, because according to the research, they perpetuate this attitude. A possible reason could be that they are unfamiliar with common objectives and applications. Knowledge of science is enhanced by the application of mathematics, but the role of mathematical knowledge and skills in the understanding of physical science is uncertain. Even in the new National Curriculum Statement (NCS) of South Africa the relationship between mathematics and physical science is not clearly indicated. Algebraic language is a main tool used in physics, but students still display a lack of understanding of mathematical concepts and problem solving skills. The study was aimed at identifying the mathematical knowledge and skills that would enable students to solve physics problems in grades 11 and 12. The aim was also to identify the specific problems experienced by students in applying these skills and knowledge in physics at grades 11 and 12 level. The empirical study was conducted amongst a group of 120 students in four schools in the Rustenburg Region, North- West Province, South Africa and 28 teachers of which 10 were from these schools and 18 were teachers participating in the Sediba project of the North-West University. The investigation was done by means of a self constructed test and questionnaires. The results indicate that the biggest problem lies with a lack of conceptual knowledge, especially with a basic understanding of proportional reasoning. Other problems were identified and possible remedies proposed. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Organisations are constantly dealing with challenges to stay on competitive and doing well, that induces organisations to consistently reassess their plans, formations, course of actions, procedure, and development to remain cost-effective and retain effective workforce. To keep employees highly motivated, content, and effective is however a focal and major issue in the domain of employee job satisfaction because of enormous human involvement. Consequently human resource managers are keen to find the strategies to keep their workforce fully motivated and dedicated to their jobs. In this study dissimilar from prior studies researcher has applied work attributes (Herzberg, 1968; Adams, 1963) and personality aspects (Judge etal, 2001) to examine the relationship of work attributes and personality disposition with job satisfaction. In current era of Information technology revolution organisations across the globe confronting several challenges on different counts including to keep workforce motivated and effective to gain maximum from their skills. Keeping workforce motivated to reduce tardiness, absenteeism, misuse of resources, and turnover are major issues of concern in the domain of employee job satisfaction and human resources management. Therefore, human resources management practitioners, managers, and policy makers are enthusiastically concerned to know about the factors that may help to make workforce effective, motivated and contend with work. The aim of this Doctoral thesis was to study the determinants of employee job satisfaction. The objectives were to explore the organisational work attribute factors and employee personality aspects in Public healthcare sector of Pakistan Where various reforms introduced after implementation of new health policy called Health for All(HFA) lately. This study was categorised in seven parts staring with introduction stating the setting of the study which covers background of this empirical study and supplies the transparent context information. In second phase systemic carefully carried literature review led to theoretical frame work and hypotheses development in third phase. Onwards Survey Questionnaires were administrated to General physicians working in public hospitals for data collection purpose. Descriptive statistics, multi analysis of variance, and exploratory factor analysis with the help of Statistical package for social science (SPSS) was applied to analyse the data, hypotheses testing and confirmatory factor analysis were done with the help of structural equation modelling(SEM). Outcome generated discovered that perception of procedural justice, on job training, working conditions, esprit de corps (team work) and personality aspects self esteem, and self efficacy belief, were significantly and affirmatively correlated and neuroticism personality aspect negatively correlated with employee job satisfaction. However, employee job clarity, task significance perception and personality aspect of locus of control orientation were not found to be related with job satisfaction. Implications and recommendation of research for employee job satisfaction are also discussed.

As video games continue to become larger, more complex, and more costly to produce, research into methods to make game creation easier and faster becomes more valuable. One such research topic is procedural generation, which allows the computer to assist in the creation of content. This dissertation presents a new algorithm for the generation of Sokoban levels. Sokoban is a grid-based transport puzzle which is computational interesting due to being PSPACE-complete. Beyond just generating levels, the question of whether or not the levels created by this algorithm are interesting to human players is explored. A study was carried out comparing player attention while playing hand made levels versus their attention during procedurally generated levels. An auditory Stroop test was used to measure attention without disrupting play.