This research comprises a comparative examination of the transformation of Afrikaans and Dutch youth narratives into drama texts. Attention has been paid to the story elements embodied in various narratives and dramas, and, in addition, to aspects related to narrative and drama. By means of the comparison of the constants and variants with regard to the four texts, the possibility of creating a transformation model has been examined. The transformation model derived from the research, is applicable, firstly, to the narratives and drama texts upon which this study has been based. It is therefore presented as a conception for the conversion of a narrative text into a drama text, but the uniqueness of each separate narrative is taken into consideration; hence the model is not prescriptive, and it is assumed that the model may be adjusted in line with each adaptation. The comparison is effected between Afrikaans and Dutch texts, in view of the existence in the Low Countries of an established culture of bookshops, publishers and theatrical companies, focused on youth literature and theatre. Some publishers and bookshops, moreover, exclusively publish and sell youth narratives and dramas. Theatre productions aimed at children and young adults are plentiful, and attract a large percentage of young people. Should the fact that some theatres specialise in youth theatre productions be taken into account, also, the contrast and the gaps pertaining to the Afrikaans literary system are marked. The research in respect of the transformation of prose texts into drama texts has identified those procedures employed to adapt the narrative aspects (narrator, focalization, character, event, time and space) in such a way that it is reconcilable with the unique nature of the dramatic aspects (didascalia, dialogue, character, action, time and space). By virtue of the transformation of youth narratives into drama texts (with the purpose of the eventual performance thereof), the adolescent reader is made aware in a different manner of the value of narrative. / Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003

Thesis (M. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008 / The aim of the study was to determine radiation dose levels around the theatre table, on either side of the C-Arm, in order to establish if the radiation dose received by staff during back pain procedures fell within the limits set by the International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP). The question that arose from this goal was whether the stance of staff, in relation to the x-ray tube side of the C-Arm, influenced radiation dose levels. In order to apply the ALARA principle, the possibility of lowering the radiation dose in the neurological theatre was explored. The measurement methodology of the study was twofold: measurements were executed by means of TLD meters, as well as with an ionisation chamber. TLD meters were placed on the patient, the neurosurgeon and the radiographer during back pain procedures, and, more specifically, during fluoroscopy, to record the doses with the Image Intensifier (II) above the table as well as with the x-ray tube above the table, at the pelvis and the chest height of the staff. Ionisation chamber measurements were recorded in 25cm intervals around the theatre table with a phantom and the C-Arm positioned in the PA, oblique and lateral positions at 110cm and 133cm heights from the floor. The TLD results indicated that, when compared to the Image Intensifier side, the radiation dose was higher on the x-ray tube side of the C-Arm. The radiation dose was higher at the height closest to the x-ray source. The radiation dose received by the patient was higher with the x-ray tube positioned above the table (PA). The radiation dose to the surgeon’s hand and body was higher with the x-ray tube positioned above the table (PA). Radiation dose levels with the x-ray tube above the table during back pain procedures in the current theatre exceeded the occupational annual recommendation of 500mSv to the neurosurgeons hands, as recommended by the ICRP. The opposite is true with the II positioned above the table. The research question was answered positively in that the x-ray tube under couch orientation has the potential to limit dose levels during back pain procedures. The measurement values resulted in a proposed protocol in terms of positioning of staff and orientation of the C-Arm in order to apply the ALARA principle during back pain procedures. Constant revision of protocols is the responsibility of the radiographer in order to guarantee that the ALARA principle is implemented in every unique situation.

The shoulder joint is a multi-axis synovial ball and socket joint, by having a loose connection it provides a wide degree of freedom; however this means the joint lacks robustness and is prone to damage most commonly from shoulder dislocations. A rotator cuff tear causes major problems in allowing the arm to be lifted beyond a 90˚ abduction position. It is common that this insufficiency aggravates arthritis problems that may have occurred due the rotator cuff tear problem. The study focuses on investigating, describing and quantifying the implant geometric properties to evaluate the joint contact characteristics and use the outcome in redesign the implant. The investigation presents results of finite element analysis on a heavy loading condition on a Verso (reverse) shoulder implant which is validated using experimental data on the same prosthesis. The results are validated within a 5% error margin. A Verso implant is modelled using MIMICS (materialise) and imported into ABAQUS (Simulia, Providence, USA) to analyse the distribution of stress, strain and displacement across the Humerus and Scapula. Details of interaction, boundary conditions, loads and material properties are all obtained from research and applied to the model to portray realistic behaviour. The resulting stress, strain and displacement from this simulation are indicated to show the magnitude and distribution across the entire bone region. This validates the benefits of a Verso implant compared to conventional and long stemmed reverse shoulder implants, as well as provide a basis from which improved designs can be built upon and allow further accurate methods to be developed in analysing shoulder implants effectively.

Thesis (MMus (Music))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / The relationship between music and mathematics has been subjected to debate for centuries. There are two schools of thought with the one viewpoint holding that the relationship between mathematics, which is conceived as an abstract and cold discipline, compared to music, which is rich with emotion, must be very limited. Arguments for this view draws, for example, on recent research which indicates that musical talent is not inherently linked to mathematical capability. On the other pole of the debate is the belief that although music and mathematics contribute to different parts of society, there is a very important inter-relationship between the two fields. Of great interest to the latter is the Greek composer Iannis Xenakis whose musical aesthetics incorporates this philosophy. As composer, Xenakis used mathematical theories as basis for his musical works. He not only incorporated well known mathematical principles such as the Golden Section into his compositions but went further and, for instance, utilized Boolean Algebra, Probability theory and Stochastic processes in his music. His composition method based on these mathematical principles became known under the term Stochastic music and forms the focus of this thesis. The research project concentrates on the early part of Xenakis’ life in order to provide insight into the development of his composition methods. The mathematical principles at the centre of his stochastic compositions receive specific rationalisation. In doing so, the most significant probability distributions (Linear, Exponential, Poisson and Normal distribution) are defined in terms of their properties and Xenakis’ use of them. The application of these distributions is considered by looking at the early works Metastaseis (in which Xenakis confronted most of his musical problems and which formed the basis for his musical style) and Achorripsis (where he fully developed their implementation). An in-depth examination of the construction of Achorripsis is performed while scrutinizing Xenakis’ calculations. Specific attention is drawn to alterations and adjustments made to the calculations. His implementation of them into the final score is furthermore examined and it is shown where he deviated between the calculations and score. The thesis concludes by considering the extent and significance of the adjustments made by the composer in the name of artistic freedom.

Auditory processing is the ability of the brain to manipulate and utilise the neural output of the ear based on the frequency, intensity, and temporal features of the incoming acoustic signal. An auditory processing disorder (APD) is a deficiency in this ability. One category of tests that examine auditory processing ability are the various versions of the "filtered words test" (FWT), whereby a monaural, low-redundancy speech sample is distorted by using filtering to modify its frequency content. Due to the richness of the neural pathways in the auditory system and the redundancy of acoustic information in spoken language, a normal listener is able to recognize speech even when parts of the signal are missing, whereas this ability is often impaired in listeners with APD. One limitation of the various versions of the FWT is that they are carried out using a constant level of low-pass filtering (e.g. a corner frequency of 1000 Hz), which is prone to ceiling and floor effects. The purpose of this study was to counter these effects by modifying the FWT to use a computer-based adaptive procedure, to improve the sensitivity of the test over its constant-level counterparts. The University of Canterbury Monosyllabic Adaptive Speech Test (UC MAST) was performed on 23 normal adults, and 32 normal children (7 to 11 years of age). The child participants also underwent the SCAN-C test for APD in Children (Revised). Findings indicated a significant maturational effect on the UC MAST. Adult participants performed significantly better on the UC MAST in comparison to the child participants. In addition, adult participants performed the UC MAST more reliably than their younger counterparts. No correlation was found between performance on the UC MAST and SCAN-C test. The development of the UC MAST is discussed and the clinical implications of the findings are explored.

9 pp. / As today's dairy industry consolidates, cows are being milked more rapidly through larger milking parlors on larger dairies than ever before. Because milk is the primary commodity and source of income for producers, the harvesting of milk is the single most important job on any dairy. Producing high-quality milk to maximize yields and economic value requires effective parlor management, an enormous challenge for producers. Managing large parlors includes managing labor, milking equipment, as well as monitoring and evaluating parlor performance. Decisions concerning the milking center are some of the most complicated decisions a dairy producer has to make. Milking procedures, herd size, milking interval, the milk market, and the equity position of a producer influence these decisions. Producers will have to make the following decisions before they can select or develop management protocols for a milking parlor: 1. How many cows will be milked through the parlor? 2. What milking procedure will be used (minimal or full)? 3. If a full milking routine; how much contact time do you want (strips per teat)? 4. Which milking routine will be used (sequential, grouping, or territorial)? 5. Are you willing to train teams of milkers to operate large parlors?

Darbo tikslas - sukurti programą kuri vizualizuotų slenkstinio(TA) ir modeliuojamojo atkaitinimo (SA) algoritmų optimalaus sprendinio paieškos procesą. Pasirinktais įrankiais buvo sukurta specializuota programa, kuri trimatėje erdvėja atvaizduoja funkcijas ir gautų algoritmų paieškos procesą. Programos pagalba, galima nustatyti per kiek žingsnių slenkstinis(TA) ir modeliuojamojo atkaitinimo(SA) algoritmai suranda geriausias optimalaus minimumo reikšmes. / The aim of the study – to create a program which would optimize the process of the optimal solution search of threshold (TA) and simulated annealing (SA) algorithms. With the help of tools the dedicated program, that renders functions and the process of received algorithms search in the three-dimensional space, has been created. With the help of the program it may be set through how many steps threshold (TA) and simulated annealing (SA) algorithms find the best values of optimal minimum.

The work undertaken within this thesis is towards the development of a representative set of sequence driven features for the prediction of structural classes of proteins. Proteins are biological molecules that make living things function, to determine the function of a protein the structure must be known because the structure dictates its physical capabilities. A protein is generally classified into one of the four main structural classes, namely all-α, all-β, α + β or α / β, which are based on the arrangements and gross content of the secondary structure elements. Current methods manually assign the structural classes to the protein by manual inspection, which is a slow process. In order to address the problem, this thesis is concerned with the development of automated prediction of structural classes of proteins and extraction of a small but robust set of sequence driven features by using the amino acid indices. The first main study undertook a comprehensive analysis of the largest collection of sequence driven features, which includes an existing set of 1479 descriptor values grouped by ten different feature groups. The results show that composition based feature groups are the most representative towards the four main structural classes, achieving a predictive accuracy of 63.87%. This finding led to the second main study, development of the generalised amino acid composition method (GAAC), where amino acid index values are used to weigh corresponding amino acids. GAAC method results in a higher accuracy of 68.02%. The third study was to refine the amino acid indices database, which resulted in the highest accuracy of 75.52%. The main contributions from this thesis are the development of four computationally extracted sequence driven feature-sets based on the underused amino acid indices. Two of these methods, GAAC and the hybrid method have shown improvement over the usage of traditional sequence driven features in the context of smaller and refined feature sizes and classification accuracy. The development of six non-redundant novel sets of the amino acid indices dataset, of which each are more representative than the original database. Finally, the construction of two large 25% and 40% homology datasets consisting over 5000 and 7000 protein samples, respectively. A public webserver has been developed located at http://www.generalised-protein-sequence-features.com, which allows biologists and bioinformaticians to extract GAAC sequence driven features from any inputted protein sequence.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how our selected municipalityaddressed theirpreventive work regarding threat and violence among social workers, what strategies social workers have to overcome intimidating situations, and also what level of education social workers have. Previous research shows that education for social workers inthis topicoften is neglected. The study was conducted by one focus group interview with social workersall working inchild and familywelfarein our selected municipality. The main result of the study is that social workers experience that the municipalitysinternal agenda against threat and violence works well and gives support in their work. Despite this,the social workers expressed a desire to get morerelevant education about threats and violence to be able toavoid risk-taking behavior and be able to perform a more secure job. According to the social workers some of the strategies that affected the safety in their profession was the possibilityto have a direct and clear communication with the client to try and make the meeting between client and social workers more relaxed. / Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att undersöka hur den utvalda kommunen hanterade det förebyggande arbetet angående hot och våld bland socialarbetare, vilka strategier socialarbetare har för att bemästra hotfulla situationer, samt vilken utbildningsnivå socialarbetare har. Tidigare forskning visaratt utbildning för personalen inom detta område ofta är eftersatt. Undersökningen genomfördes via en fokusgruppsintervju med socialarbetare som alla var kopplade till individ och familjeomsorgen (IFO) i vår undersökta kommun. Studiens huvudresultat visade att socialarbetarna upplever att kommunens handlingsplan gällande hot och våld är välfungerande och ger dem stöd i deras arbete. Dock ansåg socialarbetarna att mer relevant utbildning inom hot och våld skulle var önskvärt för att undvika riskbeteenden samt kunna utföra ett säkrare arbete. Några av de strategier som enligt socialarbetarna påverkade tryggheten i yrket var att ha en rak och tydlig kommunikation med klienten samt att försöka avdramatisera mötet mellan klient och socialarbetare.

Introducción: La anatomía de la fisura labial bilateral es diferente para cada paciente y varios autores han descrito modificaciones de técnicas tradicionales en la búsqueda de obtener un diseño más individual con mejores resultados. Las técnicas de Millard y Mulliken son probablemente las técnicas quirúrgicas más usadas por los cirujanos alrededor del mundo en el manejo de la fisura labial bilateral, sin embargo existen algunas limitaciones en esta técnica en casos bilaterales con asimetría. En ese sentido, se ha diseñado la presente técnica que busca corregir la asimetría en la fisura bilateral. Esta técnica se basa en un doble avance y rotación lateral localizando las cicatrices sobre las líneas naturales del labio entre las unidades estéticas del mismo. Material y Métodos: Este es un estudio retrospectivo del tipo de serie de casos. Este artículo presenta una nueva técnica para el tratamiento quirúrgico de la fisura labial bilateral usada por el autor en 125 pacientes a manera de estudio retrospectivo descriptivo. Esta técnica está basada en el concepto de doble avance y rotación lateral permitiendo el alargamiento del segmento labial lateral más corto. Estas incisiones son ubicadas sobre las líneas naturales del labio, entre las subunidades estéticas del labio superior, en su mayoría. Se evaluaron los resultados obtenidos con esta técnica considerando el número de malos resultados observados a través del seguimiento de los pacientes en un plazo mayor a un año a través del examen físico directo y el análisis de las fotos postoperatorias estandarizadas. Resultados: Desde 2009 al 2011 esta técnica ha sido usada en 125 fisuras labiales bilaterales. Se obtuvo un buen resultado estético y funcional del labio superior y la nariz con esta técnica. Se observaron 15 / 125 (12 %) de malos resultados. Estas son cirugías que necesitaron revisión secundaria mayor. Conclusiones: Una nueva técnica para el tratamiento de formas asimétricas de fisura labial bilateral se describe aquí. Esta es una técnica que permite alargar el segmento labial lateral más corto de la fisura con buenos resultados estéticos en la reconstrucción del labio superior y nariz de la fisura labial bilateral. / Introduction: The anatomy of bilateral cleft lip is different for each patient, and many authors have described modifications of the traditional repairing techniques in order to achieve more individualized designs and better results. The techniques described by Millard and Mulliken are probably the most commonly used all over the world for repairing bilateral cleft lip; however, there are some short-comings when trying to repair asymmetric forms of bilateral cleft lip. So, we designed this technique aiming to correct asymmetry in bilateral cleft lip. This technique is based on a double advancement and lateral rotation concept placing the scars over the natural lines between the esthetic subunits of the upper lip. Matherial and Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study based on a case series. We present a new technique used for surgical repair of bilateral cleft lip in 125 patients. The technique is based in the double advancement and lateral rotation concept which allows lengthening of the shortest lateral lip segment. Most of the incisions are performed on the natural lip landmarks, between the aesthetic subunits of the upper lip. Results were assessed considering the number of failures observed after following up patients for more than one year, performing physical examination and analyzing standardized postoperative pictures. Results: This technique has been used in 125 procedures for repairing cleft lip. We obtained good functional and esthetic outcomes for both nose and lips using this technique. The rate of poor results was 15/125 (12%). These latter procedures had to undergo major secondary surgical revisions. Conclusions: We describe a new technique for surgical repair of asymmetric bilateral cleft lip. This technique led to the elongation of the shortest lateral labial segment, allowing us to achieve good esthetic and functional results on upper lip and nose reconstruction in cases of bilateral asymmetric cleft lip.