The problem of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of certain recommended procedures in the improvement of reading skills in a sixth-grade class in the Lewisville Elementary School, Lewisville, Texas.

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of the conflict settlement process on the degree of expressed organizational commitment of employees in a collective bargaining setting. The research was done in a basic industry in northern Alabama. The instrument included the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) developed by Mowday, Porter, and Steers. Demographic variables measured were education, age, and sex. Main effects variables were tenure; union membership; and self-described experience with and feeling toward grievance/arbitration as a category 1 grievant, category 2 grievant, witness, and supervisor. Data were analyzed with hierarchical multiple regression. No statistically significant results were found. Limitations included the economic climate of the region and the industrial relations climate of the company.

The study was designed to find a response on the behavioral level that would be an effective index across subjects for determining when conditioned aversive suppression of a response had been achieved. Ten male volunteers received shock during trials in which they had to smoke. Half of the subjects received a brief but more intense shock when they stopped smoking during a trial. A comparison of these subjects to the others showed their average amount of smoking suppression in pre- and post-treatment rates to be significantly (P < .025) greater. In addition, these subjects showed conditioned emotional responding. It was concluded that this behavioral level response was an effective index for determining when suppression of smoking would occur.

One of the most recent advancements in laser technology is the development of ultrashort pulsed femtosecond lasers (FSLs). FSLs are improving many fields due to their unique extreme precision, low energy and ablation characteristics. In the area of laser medicine, ophthalmic surgeries have seen very promising developments. Some of the most commonly performed surgical operations in the world, including laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK), lens replacement (cataract surgery), and keratoplasty (cornea transplant), now employ FSLs for their unique abilities that lead to improved clinical outcome and patient satisfaction. The application of FSLs in medical therapeutics is a recent development, and although they offer many benefits, FSLs also stimulate nonlinear optical effects (NOEs), many of which were insignificant with previously developed lasers. NOEs can change the laser characteristics during propagation through a medium, which can subsequently introduce unique safety concerns for the surrounding tissues. Traditional approaches for characterizing optical effects, laser performance, safety and efficacy do not properly account for NOEs, and there remains a lack of data that describe NOEs in clinically relevant procedures and tissues. As FSL technology continues to expand towards new applications, FSL induced NOEs need to be better understood in order to ensure safety as FSL medical devices and applications continue to evolve at a rapid pace. In order to improve the understanding of FSL-tissue interactions related to NOEs stimulated during laser beam propagation though corneal tissue, research investigations were conducted to evaluate corneal optical properties and determine how corneal tissue properties including corneal layer, collagen orientation and collagen crosslinking, and laser parameters including pulse energy, repetition rate and numerical aperture affect second and third-harmonic generation (HG) intensity, duration and efficiency. The results of these studies revealed that all laser parameters and tissue properties had a substantial influence on HG. The dynamic relationship between optical breakdown and HG was responsible for many observed changes in HG metrics. The results also demonstrated that the new generation of therapeutic FSLs has the potential to generate hazardous effects if not carefully controlled. Finally, recommendations are made to optimize current and guide future FSL applications.

This thesis examines the surgical treatment of obesity from the perspective of the patient. The theoretical portion deals with etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, complications, related illnesses, conservative and surgical treatments (definitions, overview and types, principles of basic bariatric approaches, as well as effects and indications, side effects, and results of treatment. It also includes the specifics of the pre-operative preparation, immediate and long- term post-operative care, psychological preparation and post-bariatric-surgery nutrition. The empirical portion consists of quantitative research in the form of a survey instrument with closed-end questions with the possibility of individual responses. The respondents were patients who had been diagnosed as morbidly obese or third-degree obesity and who had also been through surgery within the past three years. One hundred and fifty surveys were distributed, 125 were returned, and 10 of those were not used for incompleteness, and another 6 were not used because the respondents did not meet the criteria. One of the primary goals of the research was to ascertain the information that patients were missing before bariatric surgery and whether this information had a significant effect on the result of the bariatric approach. Another primary goal of...

Bakgrund: Antal personer med fetma i världen har dubblerats mellan åren 1980 - 2014. I Sverige lever nu 14% av befolkningen med fetma. Enligt Folkhälsomyndigheten är fetma en av de sjukdomar som ökar mest i vårt samhälle. Detta är en patientgrupp som är och kommer bli större inom vården. I dagens samhälle finns det en smalhetsnorm där personer med fetma anses som avvikande och det har negativa konsekvenser för primärvården. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka sjuksköterskors sätt att arbeta med patienter med fetma inom primärvården. Metod: Litteraturstudien innehåller 8 artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Databaserna som har använts är främst Cinahl och PubMed. Respektive artikel har granskats, analyserats och sammanställts med inspiration av innehållsanalys. Resultat: Sjuksköterskornas sätt att arbeta grundade sig i många olika aspekter. Litteraturstudiens resultat har sammanställts i 3 huvudkategorier: samhällsnormens inverkan på sjuksköterskans roll, sjuksköterskans individuella uppgifter och när resurserna inte räcker till. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskorna i primärvården beskriver svårigheter i arbetet med patientgruppen och detta resulterar i en försämrad vård. Ökad utbildning och implementering av riktlinjer i primärvården hade stärkt sjuksköterskornas roll i deras arbetssätt. Nyckelord: fetma, arbetssätt, sjuksköterska, primärvård.

Master of Science / Department of Statistics / Perla Reyes / Heterodera glycines, or the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), is a parasite that targets and damages the roots of soybean plants. It is the most yield-limiting pathogen of soybean in the U.S. and the reliable detection and accurate estimation of population densities is crucial to research and management of this pathogen. A study was performed to understand the effects of crop rotation on the prevalence of SCN. Standard sampling procedures in the plant pathology community dictate taking soil samples from potentially infected fields, processing them and counting the number of eggs in one 1 mL subsample via microscope. Suspecting the traditional procedure may lead to invalid results, false negatives in particular, the researcher created and implemented a sampling procedure based on his knowledge of sampling methods and constraints of sampling in the field. Using the data collected, we will discuss the strengths and limitations of the procedure in estimating the population density of SCN in the field. In addition, a simulation study informed by the data will be conducted to determine a sampling strategy that will yield accurate results while still considering the conditions in the field. Knowledge on how the different stages of the sampling procedure for SCN affect the accurate detection of the pathogen would extend to experimental designs and sampling methodologies for other soil dwelling organisms.

Each year in the United States, approximately 81 million individuals receive surgeries in which .1% to .2% (20,000 to 40,000/20 million) experience Anesthesia Awareness (AA). More than 50% of the AA cases result in mental distress or Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Because the percentage of AA cases among surgeries makes it appear to be a rare occurrence, and because it has received rather limited research attention, I decided to undertake an interpretative phenomenological analysis to discover AA clients’ perceptions of their counseling experience, and encourage development of therapeutic interventions to meet their needs. The broad research question for my study was how do clients perceive their experience of counseling for trauma related to AA? The context was provided by a review of the literature which focused on trauma and PTSD, AA, clients’ perceptions of counseling, counseling for trauma, and counseling for PTSD. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data which then was coded to identify emerging themes which were then clustered. The clustered themes were used to answer the broad and specific research questions. Based on the findings of my study, the theme of relational factors of counselors most often emerged as helpful to counseling (e.g., Rogerian- congruence, unconditional positive regard, accurate empathic understanding), whereas, the therapy process, external barriers, and PTSD symptoms most often emerged as hindering to counseling. Implications for counselors and counselor educators include increased understanding and insight regarding AA survivors and the role of relationship when counseling this population which may lead to more effective interventions and expanded professional roles to work with this population.

Theoretical part writes down an audit history from the beginning till its present form, world trend and present legislation in Czech Republic. First part is also focused on definition and description of external and internal audit and their comparison. General auditing procedures for verifying financial statements are described within theoretical part too. Practical part focuses on particular auditing procedures for verifying receivables and payables which were applied by auditor for real company.

The thesis focuses on the problematic of financial statements auditing. In the first chapter historical development on auditing in highly developed countries in Europe and in the Czech Republic is characterized. The second part describes legal and ethical auditing requirements in the Czech Republic. In the third chapter auditors' procedures and techniques which are in progress from accepted contracts to issued auditors' report are explicated. The final part is focused on concrete auditors' procedures by verifying accounts receivables and inventories in a practical application in the case of two real companies.