Orientador: Maria Rosa Rodrigues Martins de Camargo / Banca: Norma Sandra de Almeida Ferreira / Banca: Maria Augusta Hermengarda Wurthmann Ribeiro / Resumo: A presente pesquisa tem como preocupação básica acompanhar o processo de construção da escrita por crianças que ultrapassaram a fase convencionalmente chamada de alfabetização inicial, ou seja, alunos de uma 3ª série e série subseqüente, tendo como base alguns fundamentos da arte, buscando observar como se dá, como avança essa construção; como a criança, por intermédio da escrita, vai comunicando seus sentimentos, vai dando significação à sua relação com o mundo, com a arte, consigo mesma; como um trabalho tendo as artes como ponto de partida - na sua eminência enquanto ato criador - pode dotar a escrita de significado para as crianças e trazer resultados reveladores do engenho e da arte presentes em seu ato de escrever. Para tanto, ancora-se, basicamente, em dois propósitos: na criação de um espaço e de condições materiais (dentro de uma escola pública) que possibilitem uma aproximação e exercício, por parte da criança, de uma escrita que lhe seja significativa; e no acompanhamento de como se dá a construção da escrita, atentando para elementos que a fazem significativa, enquanto processo de construção. Organizado em cinco capítulos, o presente trabalho busca estabelecer um diálogo entre a teoria e a prática vivenciada pelas crianças - parceiras e co-autoras desta empreitada. Chama, para isso, pensadores, historiadores, filósofos, escritores proeminentes, revelando-se em seus atos de escrita; e deixa, no final, abertas as possibilidades de outras reflexões e de outros questionamentos, que permitam continuar a busca inesgotável de conhecer como se processa a construção da escrita / Abstract: The basic concern of this study is to follow the process of construction of writing of children who have passed the conventional phase known as initial literacy, i.e., students in the third grade and subsequent grade, using as a basis some fundamentals of art, seeking to observe what occurs, how this construction advances; how the child, through writing, communicates her feelings, giving meaning to her relation with the world, with art, with herself; how work that uses art as a starting point - in its eminence as a creative act - can give meaning to writing for children, with results that reveal the inventiveness and art present in their act of writing. It is rooted basically in two proposals: the creation of a space and material conditions (within a public school) that make it possible for the child to approximate and exercise writing that is significant for him; and in following how this construction occurs in the school, attending to elements that make it meaningful as a process of construction. Organized into five chapters, the study seeks to establish a dialogue between theory and the children's practice - partners and co-authors of this endeavor. Thinkers, historians, philosophers, prominent writers are called, revealing themselves in their acts of writing; and leaving open, in the end, possibilities for other reflections and further questioning, that allow a continuation of the inexhaustible search to know how the construction of writing is processed / Mestre

This thesis offers a comprehensive risk assessment methodology that provides a decision support tool, directed for Turkish construction organizations, which can be utilized through the bidding decisions for international construction projects. Within this context the analytic network process technique is implemented to develop a risk assessment model, which is used to derive the relative priorities of the risk factors associated with international construction projects. The findings of the risk assessment model have demonstrated that the most significant sources of risk are vagueness of contract conditions about risk allocation, client, and immaturity of legal system in the host country. Factors such as low % of advance payment, geographical distance, and bribery were found to be relatively insignificant. An international construction project risk rating software application is then developed. The application incorporates the derived priorities from the risk assessment model to calculate a risk rating for a given international construction project. To increase the credibility of the results a risk rating adjustment methodology was integrated into the application. Its purpose is to count for the potential influencing factors that may increase the risk level of a given project. The influencing factors which were considered are the company&rsquo / s experience, contract type, level of the available project data from the outset, and project delivery system. The application is also structured to enhance the organizational learning practices. It improves the process of the organizational memory formation with respect to postproject risk data by developing a database of risk information of the rated projects for future references. The reliability of the application was tested with post-projects risk data and was found to be satisfactory.

Atsižvelgiant į tai, kad organizuojant statybą vienas iš svarbiausių uždavinių yra tinkamai paskirstyti riziką bei atsakomybę tarp statybos proceso dalyvių, magistro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjamas atsakomybės tarp užsakovo, rangovo ir subrangovo pasiskirstymo statybos procese klausimas siejant jį su sutartinių teisinių santykių, susiklostančių vykdant statybą statybos rangos būdu, analize. Darbe išnagrinėta statybos proceso samprata, sutartinė atsakomybė tarp užsakovo, rangovo ir subrangovo, pateikti atsakomybės tarp užsakovo ir rangovo pasiskirstymo variantai atskirose statybos rangos santykių sferose, išanalizuota subrangos teisinių santykių specifika, labiausiai akcentuojant atsakomybės už statybos darbų kokybę pasiskirstymo bei apmokėjimo už statybos darbus atsakomybės klausimus. Autorė, analizuodama teismų praktiką, teisės doktriną bei teisės aktus, reglamentuojančius statybos procesą, ypatingą dėmesį skirdama LR CK, atskleidžia statybos rangos teisinių santykių reglamentavimo problemas bei prieina prie išvados, kad atsakomybės tarp užsakovo, rangovo ir subrangovo pasiskirstymo vienokį ar kitokį modelį sąlygoja konkrečios statybos rangos sutarties sąlygos bei šalių elgsena. / In accordance with the fact that sharing of the risk and liability is one of the most significant tasks in organizing the construction project this study deals with the question of the sharing of the liability between owner, contractor and subcontractor in the sphere of construction process. This question mostly is analyzing in connection with the legal relationships of construction contracting. The study comprises of the concept of the construction process, contracting liability of the owner and contractor as well as the analysis of subcontracting relations mostly emphasizing the questions on liability for the quality of the construction works and payment problems. Models of the alternatives of the sharing of the liability in different aspects also are presented in the work. The author concerning courts jurisprudence, the doctrine and the legal acts that regulates the process of construction especially pointing the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania, discovers the problems of the legal regulation and makes the conclusion as follows – the conditions of construction contract and the behaviour of the parties determine the certain model of the sharing the liability between the owner, contractor and subcontractor.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-03-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:51:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rios_mtr_me_rcla.pdf: 1497758 bytes, checksum: 98e7a93cf14f7feabb6ca41834ac5272 (MD5) / A presente pesquisa tem como preocupação básica acompanhar o processo de construção da escrita por crianças que ultrapassaram a fase convencionalmente chamada de alfabetização inicial, ou seja, alunos de uma 3ª série e série subseqüente, tendo como base alguns fundamentos da arte, buscando observar como se dá, como avança essa construção; como a criança, por intermédio da escrita, vai comunicando seus sentimentos, vai dando significação à sua relação com o mundo, com a arte, consigo mesma; como um trabalho tendo as artes como ponto de partida - na sua eminência enquanto ato criador - pode dotar a escrita de significado para as crianças e trazer resultados reveladores do engenho e da arte presentes em seu ato de escrever. Para tanto, ancora-se, basicamente, em dois propósitos: na criação de um espaço e de condições materiais (dentro de uma escola pública) que possibilitem uma aproximação e exercício, por parte da criança, de uma escrita que lhe seja significativa; e no acompanhamento de como se dá a construção da escrita, atentando para elementos que a fazem significativa, enquanto processo de construção. Organizado em cinco capítulos, o presente trabalho busca estabelecer um diálogo entre a teoria e a prática vivenciada pelas crianças - parceiras e co-autoras desta empreitada. Chama, para isso, pensadores, historiadores, filósofos, escritores proeminentes, revelando-se em seus atos de escrita; e deixa, no final, abertas as possibilidades de outras reflexões e de outros questionamentos, que permitam continuar a busca inesgotável de conhecer como se processa a construção da escrita. / The basic concern of this study is to follow the process of construction of writing of children who have passed the conventional phase known as initial literacy, i.e., students in the third grade and subsequent grade, using as a basis some fundamentals of art, seeking to observe what occurs, how this construction advances; how the child, through writing, communicates her feelings, giving meaning to her relation with the world, with art, with herself; how work that uses art as a starting point - in its eminence as a creative act - can give meaning to writing for children, with results that reveal the inventiveness and art present in their act of writing. It is rooted basically in two proposals: the creation of a space and material conditions (within a public school) that make it possible for the child to approximate and exercise writing that is significant for him; and in following how this construction occurs in the school, attending to elements that make it meaningful as a process of construction. Organized into five chapters, the study seeks to establish a dialogue between theory and the children's practice - partners and co-authors of this endeavor. Thinkers, historians, philosophers, prominent writers are called, revealing themselves in their acts of writing; and leaving open, in the end, possibilities for other reflections and further questioning, that allow a continuation of the inexhaustible search to know how the construction of writing is processed.

My diploma thesis I have divided on two parts – theoretical and practical. The goal of my work is to show the method how to project in construction and demonstrate it in a particular construction company and illustrate a solution to a specific order. I would like to describe and handle two different contracts, focus on the selection process, form of processing some data, contractual arrangements or necessary resources.

O presente trabalho pretende mostrar, as principais etapas de projeto de uma obra portuária, mais especificamente, um terminal de contêineres (cais e retroárea). Para tanto, foi feita uma pesquisa dos tipos estruturais existentes para entender melhor a evolução das estruturas ao longo do tempo e quais tipos adequam-se melhor em cada situação. Para cada função a que o porto se destina, existe um conjunto de ações e combinações muito particulares a considerar. Assim, um terminal de contêineres é muito diferente de um terminal petroleiro. Portanto, procurou-se mostrar os tipos de carregamentos mais importantes num terminal de contêineres, que é objeto deste trabalho, levando-se em conta critérios das Normas NBR-9782 e NBR-8681. Outro fator de grande peso nos projetos portuários e que não poderia ficar de fora, está ligado às fundações, principalmente aos problemas geotécnicos envolvidos. Para tanto, procurou-se dar uma visão geral dos principais problemas até hoje encontrados e comentar algumas soluções em cada caso. Por fim, foi proposto um método de modelagem simplificado para um tipo estrutural muito utilizado hoje em dia (sistema de lajes e vigas premoldadas solidarizadas apoiadas sobre estacas) através de um conjunto de modelos planos e um modelo espacial de checagem. / The present paper intends to show the main stages of port design, particularly, a container terminal (quay and back area). Therefore, it was done a research about the current structures types so it can be better to understand the development process of these structures during the years and which types are more appropriate to each condition. For each function of the port there are particulars actions and combinations to consider. However, a container terminal is very different from a petroleum one. Therefore, it intended to show the most important types from a container terminal, which is the aim of this research, considering the NBR-9782 and NBR-8681 rules recommendations. Another important fact, which has to be mentioned, is about the foundations, especially those related to geotechnical issues involved. Therefore, it was intended to present a general view of the main problems found so far and discuss some solutions for each case. Finally, it was suggested a method to model a kind of structure very used nowadays (a marble slab system and premolded beams settled over piles) through a group of model plans a checking space model.

O presente trabalho pretende mostrar, as principais etapas de projeto de uma obra portuária, mais especificamente, um terminal de contêineres (cais e retroárea). Para tanto, foi feita uma pesquisa dos tipos estruturais existentes para entender melhor a evolução das estruturas ao longo do tempo e quais tipos adequam-se melhor em cada situação. Para cada função a que o porto se destina, existe um conjunto de ações e combinações muito particulares a considerar. Assim, um terminal de contêineres é muito diferente de um terminal petroleiro. Portanto, procurou-se mostrar os tipos de carregamentos mais importantes num terminal de contêineres, que é objeto deste trabalho, levando-se em conta critérios das Normas NBR-9782 e NBR-8681. Outro fator de grande peso nos projetos portuários e que não poderia ficar de fora, está ligado às fundações, principalmente aos problemas geotécnicos envolvidos. Para tanto, procurou-se dar uma visão geral dos principais problemas até hoje encontrados e comentar algumas soluções em cada caso. Por fim, foi proposto um método de modelagem simplificado para um tipo estrutural muito utilizado hoje em dia (sistema de lajes e vigas premoldadas solidarizadas apoiadas sobre estacas) através de um conjunto de modelos planos e um modelo espacial de checagem. / The present paper intends to show the main stages of port design, particularly, a container terminal (quay and back area). Therefore, it was done a research about the current structures types so it can be better to understand the development process of these structures during the years and which types are more appropriate to each condition. For each function of the port there are particulars actions and combinations to consider. However, a container terminal is very different from a petroleum one. Therefore, it intended to show the most important types from a container terminal, which is the aim of this research, considering the NBR-9782 and NBR-8681 rules recommendations. Another important fact, which has to be mentioned, is about the foundations, especially those related to geotechnical issues involved. Therefore, it was intended to present a general view of the main problems found so far and discuss some solutions for each case. Finally, it was suggested a method to model a kind of structure very used nowadays (a marble slab system and premolded beams settled over piles) through a group of model plans a checking space model.

Diploma thesis deals with design and assessment of bracing the excavation during the construction of subway in the route Dejvická – Motol. The introduction presents possible methods of bracing. The next part is design and assessment of the chosen option, which ensure this construction. It consists of considering of engineering-geological conditions, static design, technological process of building and construction plans.

Aus der Einleitung: "Bedingt durch eine geforderte, lokale Präsenz eines global agierenden Unternehmens gegenüber weltweiten Kunden sowie durch global verteiltes Engineering, Produktion und Service sind Unternehmen zunehmend in der Pflicht, sich global zu positionieren. Auch die Verlagerung von Engineeringaufgaben zu externen Zulieferern und Partnern erfordern organisatorische sowie prozesstechnische Maßnahmen, die durch eine entsprechende informationstechnische Unterstützung flankiert werden müssen. Für diese Unterstützung können sogenannte PLM-Systemumgebungen genutzt werden, die sich auf PDM-Systemen abstützen."

Historic towns and historic buildings are important witnesses of the past cultures and civilizations. Their sustainability and transfer to the next generations require continuous maintenance and repair interventions which should be compatible with their original construction techniques, details and materials. In order to define proper interventions to a historic building, it is necessary to understand how and from what it is built. Therefore, traditional construction materials, detailings and techniques should be well understood prior to any kind of intervention to a historic building. The objective of this study is, first of all, to provide a body of knowledge on traditional construction process and techniques / then, to store, structure, process, represent and share this knowledge in a systematic and controlled way by means of a web based GIS portal. In this respect, traditional timber framed houses of Tarakli in Sakarya has been chosen as the case study, on account of being one of the significant historical towns in our country where the tissue together with historical building is still conserved. For this study, among the applications of GIS technology, Web-based GIS has been determined as the most effective and functional tool in order to develop an online information portal for storing, displaying the collected raw data and sharing with other users as utilizable information.