Due to the fast development of IT, quick change of market demand and collaboration in business operation between companies, departments, and individuals, the concept of collaborative commerce has drawn much attention gradually. However, the tools of collaborative commerce used in the past, just like PDM and CPD, are merely used for control in a single stage; despite functions of data management and collaborative design are more capable of doing cross-function work. New PLM solutions can recover the disadvantages of past collaborative commerce tools in the new product development process, make the RD control link from spot to line, in order to control process effectively, establish operation standard, and accumulate experiences of new product design and manufacture. During the process of implementing IT, although not perfect in the beginning, enterprises will find the problems out only when users apply IT and find some problems which don¡¦t be found before implementing IT. It is just the purpose of enterprises to take advantage of implementing IT to review business processes. Technology and organization should make an adaptation in order to solve these problems and the key way to judge the IT to be successful or fail is to see whether IT and organization make a good adaptation. There are few successful cases applying PLM solution to support new product development process in Taiwan; moreover, manufacturing industry is the most representative of industries in Taiwan. For this reason, manufacturing enterprises which have implemented PLM solution and succeeded in closing the case are chosen for case studies, and based on adaptive structuration perspective to research the adaptation done by three structures of technology, organization, and task after PLM solutions are implemented into enterprises. Through this research to find that the adaptation degree is different in the interaction and appropriation between technology, organization, and task. Discrepancy events will also produced in the adaptation process. The key factors to decide whether enterprises take advantage of implementing IS to get advantage are the degree of solving discrepancy events by enterprises. In order to make enterprises get more competitive advantages through implementing PLM solution, the manager should realize more deeply that what changes are result from IT implemented in enterprises and what reason to make this change, so as to know well what advantages PLM solution make.

Abstract Under the trends of the globalization and symbol consumption, the creative industries from kownledge economy become the opportunity of Taiwan development in the future. Take a broad view of the evolution of Taiwan creative industries in recent years, although the name ' cultural industry ' based on the community build is close for 'creative industries' from Britain, these are two different development concept. Because of some misunderstands, it reduce effect of the industry popularize to cause, this becomes the proposition cared about most in this research too. The purpose of research is probes into Taiwan regional ' cultural industry ' and difference of ' creative industries '¡Bprobes into the characteristic of creative industries, and get the strategy of the new product development in the creativity industries. This research choose the craft industry, and the method is case study research , with the analysis of secondary data and the interview. The conclusion part, There are eight items in analysis including ' the industries with high risk '¡B' possess the plural skill group ', ' create the goods which accord with the market ', ' with high regular costs and low costs with making again ', ' people create for means getting scarce ', ' manage risk by means of the enterprise ', ' diversifying profit ', 'technology is key '.and the new product in development is ¡uMr. Bliss¡v.

Manufacturing companies are searching for new techniques day by day to launch qualified products with a competitive price to the market. Companies believe in the importance of teams which have members coming from different disciplines who use their knowledge, experiences, and creativity for achieving the goals of their teams. The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness of teamwork for successful product development process by focusing on the relationship between the team members &ndash / especially engineers&rsquo / and industrial designers&rsquo / relation. After a broad literature survey, a descriptive-survey study that aims demonstrating the relationship between engineers and industrial designers in manufacturing companies in Turkey is held in order to investigate the effectiveness of teamwork in product development process. A twelve item questionnaire which has four open-ended questions and eight Likert-scaled statements has been prepared. As the result of this study, a positive relationship is found between the performance of product development team and the effects of cooperation, social and professional communication, having clear and common goals, sharing knowledge and experiences, leadership, coordination and cooperative problem solving and decision making processes to the relationship between engineers and industrial designers.

Ecodesign is an approach for product development, which focuses on minimizing the environmental impacts of the product during the whole life cycle while maintaining the major concerns such as function, usability, aesthetic and ergonomic qualities. This approach is regarded as a fundamental step to achieve sustainable production, consumption and development. The thesis examines the current situation of ecodesign in Turkish Industry, in relation to design and manufacturing. First, it introduces the literature on ecodesign in general, and more specifically, it presents a comparative analysis of six international studies with an aim to explore internal and external stimuli for promoting ecodesign, as well as reflections on barriers that were encountered. Then, literature review on ecodesign activities in Turkish industry is discussed. To complement these findings, the results of the interviews conducted with three stakeholder groups (i.e. government, universities and industry) are presented. Finally, the results of a study that was conducted in Turkish packaging, and electric &amp / electronics sectors to understand approaches of environmentally-conscious product development, the drivers and the barriers of ecodesign implementation into these sectors are revealed. The level of ecodesign implementation is found to be strongly related with the economic situation of Turkish context, which is the most important determining factor for the drivers and barriers found in the study. Acquiring a more stable economic situation, ecodesign will become a considerable competitive advantage through: (i) reduction of manufacturing costs in the long term, (ii) innovational approach in the manufacturing process and product development, and (iii) increasing brand awareness.

New product development is a challenging process which plays a significant role for the rise of the competitiveness of a firm. This process benefits from cooperative relations in the supply network of the firm, such as the collaboration in buyer- supplier relations. The automotive industry presents a good example for studying buyer supplier relations. The positive effects of supplier involvement in product design and development process have been discussed intensely in the literature due to the exceptional success of OEMs &ndash / Original Equipment Manufacturers- in the Japanese automotive industry. This study analyzes the role of suppliers in the automotive sector, the buyer-supplier interface and relations, and new product development process specific to the automotive industry in order to highlight the outcomes of supplier involvement in product development process especially during the design phase. A descriptive questionnaire study on the Turkish automotive supplier industry was conducted. The questionnaire was completed by 25 supplier firms who are members of the Association of Turkish Automotive Parts &amp / Components Manufacturers (TAYSAD) and 5 OEM firms. The questionnaire results show that the level of supplier involvement in the product design phase is low compared to the other project phases such as introduction to the project, prototype production, pre-launch, and mass production. Following this preliminary study, two in-depth interviews were conducted with one OEM and one supplier representatives, and more detailed information on suppliers&rsquo / involvement in product design was gathered. Keywords: Supplier Involvement, Automotive Industry, Product Development, Collaborative Design

The mobile communication market in Taiwan is blooming developing, and the number of mobilephone users is growing up. Nowadays, over 90% of having-a-mobilephone users in Taiwan, even this number are tending toward saturation at present. Therefore, the telecommunication providers expect mobile value-added service can increase the revenue by taking advantage of 3G high-speed transfer rate. But lacking of the ¡§Killer App¡¨, this service doesn¡¦t attract people to use. The ARPU (average revenue per user) doesn¡¦t improve much as we anticipated. The purposes of this study are to realize present situation of mobile value-added service¡¦s development and to develop acceptable content that can be implemented. The study collected literatures and documents to analyze progress of mobile communication system¡¦s development and present situation of mobile value-added service¡¦s development, furthermore, make the development strategy of mobile value-added service according to the new product development procedure, then test user acceptance by TAM. The study proposes ¡§User-generated Content¡¨ as the new mobile value-added service. This service has 6 characters: ¡§highly personalized¡¨, ¡§timely¡¨, ¡§ease of use¡¨, ¡§rich information¡¨, ¡§highly integrated¡¨, ¡§cross platform¡¨. The result of TAM questionnaire proves that ¡§perceived usefulness¡¨ is positive influenced by ¡§timely¡¨, ¡§mobility¡¨, ¡§personalization¡¨, ¡§perceived ease of use¡¨, and ¡§attitude toward using¡¨ is positive influenced by ¡§perceived usefulness¡¨, ¡§perceived ease of use¡¨, ¡§relatives and friends¡¦ influence¡¨, ¡§price¡¨.

Human beings¡¦ attire evolves, starting from having the functions of providing comfort and keeping warm in the primary stage, and then it is for looking good and fashion; then, attire becomes the symbol of demonstrating personal taste, fashion and social identity; finally, it evolves into the tendency to demonstrate personal value¡X the value performance of health tendency, environmental protection appeal, and green consumption. As the era evolves, consumers¡¦ demand and preferences have different tendencies. Under the planning of market segmentation, aiming at the attire materials based on health appeal, we hope to understand further: in such an era with fast changes in upgraded techniques, consumers¡¦ preferences and prices, what factors make consumers choose and buy? Hence, when companies are making product and marketing plans further, they can make them exquisite and conform to trendy fashion. Therefore, this study has explored the key success factors aimed at developing attire of healthful materials. Through questionnaire surveys for experts and scholars on the study of the key success factors aimed at developing attire of healthful materials, this study had made two times of analyses of AHP verification and statistics, in order to verify and extend the gained results by AHP. The study results in the second time have been adopted, and the following viewpoints have been proposed at the same time: 1. As for the study on the key success factors for developing attire of healthful materials, through two times of AHP data analyses, this study is of the opinion that the key factors are the six items: ¡§physiological comfort¡¨, ¡§functionality capability¡¨, ¡§manufacturing quality and craft techniques¡¨, ¡§style and design, ergonomics¡¨, ¡§user experience¡¨ and ¡§price¡¨. 2. In the evaluation indicators chosen for the third-layer reference plan in the structure of this study, when the direction is based on developing attire of healthful materials, obviously silk material is superior to organic cotton, while organic cotton is superior to bamboo-carbon fiber. 3. Under different considerations, silk material possesses considerably large advantage in the four key factors: ¡§physiological comfort¡¨, ¡§manufacturing quality and craft techniques¡¨, ¡§user experience¡¨ , and ¡§declaring personality and personal value¡¨. Organic cotton also possesses considerable advantage in the factors of ¡§style and design, ergonomics¡¨, and ¡§brand¡¨. Bamboo-carbon material has advantage of product development in the three items: ¡§price¡¨, ¡§trendy fashion¡¨, and ¡§functionality capability¡¨.

Operations strategies, whether prompted by competitive or regulatory forces, can greatly impact firm performance. While operations strategies cover a wide spectrum of issues - supply chain management, technology choice, capacity allocation, etc. - this dissertation focuses on two such issues, namely, sustainability and product development. The thesis comprises three essays. The first essay (Chapter 2) examines a regulatory aspect of sustainability strategy, product take-back, a form of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). With a stylized model, we analyze the trade-offs between assigning full responsibility for product recovery to a single echelon in a multi-echelon supply chain versus sharing responsibility between echelons. We demonstrate how the sharing of EPR program costs between the echelons can move the supply chain closer to the coordinated profit benchmark. The second essay (Chapter 3) examines a voluntary aspect of sustainability from an empirical perspective. We investigate the impact from various types of corporate environmental initiatives and environmental awards and certifications on the market value of the firm. We find that the market is selective in reacting to environmental performance, with certain types of initiatives and awards even valued negatively. The third essay (Chapter 4) is an empirical examination of the shareholder value effects that result from the restructuring of firms' product development activities. We find that, on average, the stock market reacts positively to product development restructuring, and that the reaction is dependent on the firm's prior financial performance, restructuring objective, R&D expenditures, and size.

<p>Globalization creates for companies’ new opportunities for business development, as well as new challenges. One of the most prevailing challenges is the ability to create new products and services in accordance to diverse customer needs and requirements, as well as implementation of new technologies in future lines of products. Therefore, companies realize the importance of the Marketing and Sales (M&S) and Product Development (PD) departments. The interface between those two departments plays a decisive role in realization of customer needs and requirements, and application of the right technologies in new products. The speed and accuracy with which the information between the M&S and PD department is exchanged directly influences success of one’s products on the market. Consequently, companies strive to achieve greater level of cross-functional integration within the interface, by overcoming barriers to integration, and improving the quality of internal services by utilizing computer based Information Systems (IS). The role of IS in supporting cross-functional work environment is growing, thus companies of all size make investment in IS. Nonetheless, these investments very often fail or not bear expect results, due to lack of alignment of the investment with the business.</p><p>This thesis documents a diagnosis undertaken for the Case Company. In recent years the Case Company experienced rapid international expansions and fast growth, which in turn exposed a whole new range of problems. The existing work routines turned out to be inadequate to maintain international expansion and growth. A great deal of these problems was enrooted directly in the interface between the M&S and PD departments. Therefore, the company realized a need to isolate and eliminate them, and further foster the cross-functional integration and information flows within the interface by implementation of a computer based Information System.</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to enhance the understanding of the integration and communication process within the M&S and PD departments at the Case Company. In order to fulfil the purpose the Enterprise Knowledge Development modelling technique was employed. This allowed tracing the problems to their roots, by mapping business processes, goals, rules, actors, as well as clarification of concepts. As a result an objective snapshot of the current cross-functional integration between the M&S and PD departments was created. Further, this snapshot was compared against a great body of literature in the field of Product Development and Management and Process Management. The comparison made it possible to indicate areas for potential future improvements. The proposed change needs aimed at enhancing the internal customer satisfaction. Last but not the least in deep analysis of the current cross-functional relations within the interface made it feasible to suggest (with literature assistance) initial vital functions of a computer based Information System to enhance the integration and information flows within the studied interface at the Case Company. The proposed functionality corresponds to the current, as well as anticipated needs of the interface that has been derived based on requirements of the actors to fulfil goals and satisfy organizational processes.</p>

<p>Problem</p><p>Knowledge is becoming ever more vital in today’s economy and organisations are realising the need to act on the advantages it provides. Knowledge is complex and contradictory, making it difficult to be created and managed by organisations.</p><p>Purpose</p><p>The purpose of this research is to see how knowledge is created and subsequently managed within an environment characterised by progress and innovation, and to identify the most problematic areas in knowledge creation processes as well as suggest improvements.</p><p>Method</p><p>Overall, qualitative methods were used in this study. In-depth interviews were conducted with management level within three product development units, two of these were only used for support to the third and main case, Robotic Mowers. Issues of trustworthiness and ethical implications were confronted in order to provide the most advantageous method to conduct the study.</p><p>Result</p><p>Knowledge creation at Robotic Mowers originates from both external and internal sources. The most important external source and activity to create knowledge are suppliers/consultants and the most important internal sources is the use of tests. Further, the unit has a highly informal approach to the creation of knowledge and the management of it. Support to knowledge creation is mainly found in cultural aspects.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The unit’s knowledge creation is dependent on informal and unstructured interaction among group members and to external parties. Overall, low managerial control is exercised and the group has developed a strong culture that enhances informal ways of knowledge creation and its management. The main problem of knowledge creation is that the group fails to realise a long-term need, which is revealed through inadequate efforts in trying to turn tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge.</p>