Cette recherche vise à proposer une approche intégrée permettant la prise en compte simultanée des paramètres Produits / process dans le cadre d’une fabrication par ajout de matière. Le développement produit est en profonde mutation, prenant en compte les contraintes de personnalisation, de temps de mise sur le marché de plus en plus court, la volonté d’une approche eco-responsable etc. Ce changement de paradigme conduit à s’intéresser au choix du couple matériau /process dès la phase de conception afin de prendre en compte les contraintes liées au procédé identifié. Cette approche multi critère s’intéresse à la fois au couple matériau procédé mais prend en compte les aspect fonctionnels de la pièce. Ainsi ce travail de thèse présente une méthodologie de décision générique, basée sur des outils de prise de décision multicritères, qui peut non seulement proposer une solution satisfaisant les contraintes liées aux matériaux, processus et processus par addition de matière, mais propose également de servir de guide aux concepteurs permettant un choix raisonné basé sur des combinaisons matériau-machine orientées conception et obtenu à partir d’une base de données de 38 fournisseurs internationaux de machine de fabrication par ajout de matière. / The doctoral research focuses to build an integrated approach that can simultaneously handle the product and process parameters related to additive manufacturing (AM). Since, market dynamics of today are constantly evolving, drivers such as mass customization strategies, shorter product development cycles, a large pool of materials to choose from, abundant manufacturing processes, etc., have made it essential to choose the right compromise of materials, manufacturing processes and associated machines in early stages of design considering the Design for AM guidelines. As several criteria, material attributes and process functionality requirements are involved for decision making in the industries, the thesis introduces a generic decision methodology, based on multi-criteria decision-making tools, that can not only provide a set of compromised AM materials, processes and machines but will also act as a guideline for designers to achieve a strong foothold in the AM industry by providing practical solutions containing design oriented and feasible material-machine combinations from a database of 38 renowned AM vendors in the world today.

The thesis analyses process of launching a new financial product of Conseq Investment Management, a.s. The new product is Investment mortgage. Theoretical part describes parts of the launching, process of adaptation and marketing mix. In practical part is introduced company Conseq Investment Management, a.s. and its basic products. There is described process of launching the product Investment mortgage. At the conclusion there are suggested a few recommendations for the company.

According to production process theory, customization is directly related to cost and inversely related to volume, efficiency, and productivity. However, customers generally desire products that are individually tailored to their wants and needs. For this reason, as residential contractors grow, they struggle to meet customers' demands for flexibility. This struggle to increase customization is not unique to the construction industry and many other industries have studied this problem in depth. While the inverse relationship between customization and cost is generally true, mass customization can enable increased customization with limited or no increased cost. The residential construction process employs many mass customization enabling principles, including modularity and product family design. However, the preconstruction process fails to employ these same principles. The purpose of this study was to explore how mass customization principles can simplify customization in the residential preconstruction process. Two rounds of interviews were conducted with residential construction industry preconstruction experts. Using their input, a process for implementing mass customization was developed. The results demonstrate that implementing mass customization principles can greatly simplify the purchasing, estimating, and option pricing processes for residential contractors. However, mass customization also significantly affects company structure, cost control strategies, trade relationships, and leanness. This research is enlightening to residential contractors struggling to manage customization. It also provides direction for software developers targeting the residential construction processes.

Yes / The paper contributes to development of RMS through linkage with external stakeholders such as customers and suppliers of parts/raw materials to handle demand fluctuations that necessitate information sharing across the supply chain tiers. RMS is developed as an integrated supply chain hub for adjusting production capacity using a hybrid methodology of decision trees and Markov analysis. The proposed Markov Chain model contributes to evaluate and monitor system reconfigurations required due to changes of product families with consideration of the product life cycles. The simulation findings indicate that system productivity and financial performance in terms of the profit contribution of product-process allocation will vary over configuration stages. The capacity of an RMS with limited product families and/or limited model variants becomes gradually inoperative whilst approaching upcoming configuration stages due to the end of product life cycles. As a result, reconfiguration preparation is suggested quite before ending life cycle of an existing product in process, for switching from a product family to a new/another product family in the production range, subject to its present demand. The proposed model is illustrated through a simplified case study with given product families and transition probabilities.

La performance d'un projet de conception de produits manufacturés est souvent caractérisée par un ensemble d'indicateurs qui ne repose pas uniquement sur la performance du produit mais sur celle du triptyque produit processus et organisation (PPO). L’utilisation d’indicateurs de performance dans un projet de conception ne peut être efficace que si les liens de traçabilité entre les données sont formalisés. Durant le cycle de conception, de très nombreuses spécifications PPO, également appelées spécifications projet, sont déployées dans un environnement de conception collaborative. Ce déploiement consiste à transférer les spécifications de niveaux de détail donnés vers des niveaux de détail plus affinés (transfert interniveaux) et depuis des vues globales vers des vues particulières (transfert intervues). Ce travail propose de caractériser ces deux mécanismes de transferts, déjà introduits pour les spécifications géométriques, à l’ensemble des spécifications projet. La formalisation et la généralisation de ces mécanismes de transferts ont été identifiées pour un ensemble de modèles pour la conception collaborative (un modèle produit, deux modèles processus (un pour le système décisionnel et un pour le système technologique) et un modèle organisation). Ces modèles constituent ainsi un environnement PPO. Le système décisionnel et le système technologique y sont décrits comme deux aspects du système de conception : l’un s’intéressant à l’organisation et aux processus, l’autre travaillant sur le produit même au travers d’un processus de conception. Les transferts de spécifications y sont ainsi illustrés. La mise en place de perturbations dans un scénario de conception de turbine haute pression permet de mettre en évidence les liens de traçabilité entre les spécifications ainsi que les impacts des perturbations et des solutions censés les corriger. Un indicateur de performance énergétique ayant été défini, des perturbations sont simulées et des solutions sont proposées. La notion de compromis apparaît alors lorsque les solutions améliorent une caractéristique de l’indicateur de performance énergétique mais en dégrade une autre. / Design project performance of manufactured products is often characterised by a set of indicators which does not depend only on the product’s performance but also on that of the product process and organisation (PPO) triptych. The use of performance indicators in a design project can only be effective if the traceability links between the data are formalised. During the design cycle, a lot of PPO specifications, also called project specifications, are deployed in a collaborative design environment. This deployment consists in transferring the specifications from a given detail level towards finer ones (interlevel transfer) and from a global view towards particular ones (interview transfer). This work proposes to characterise these two mechanisms of transfers, already introduced for geometrical specifications, with the whole of project specifications. The formalisation and the generalisation of these mechanisms of transfers were identified for a set of models for collaborative design (one product model, two process models (one for the decision-making system and one for the technological system) and one organisation model). These models provide thus a PPO environment. The decision-making system and the technological system are described there as two aspects of design system: one concerned with the organisation and the processes, the other working on the product through a design process. Specifications transfers are thus illustrated there. The introduction of disturbances in a design scenario of a high-pressure turbine can highlight the traceability links between specifications and the impacts of the disturbances and the solutions to correct them. An energetic performance indicator has been defined, disturbances are simulated and solutions are proposed. The compromise notion appears then when the solutions go better a characteristic of the energetic performance indicator but degrade another one.

Architecture, Engineering, Construction (AEC) and Facilities Management (FM) involve domains that require a very diverse set of information and model exchanges to fully realize the potential of Building Information Modeling (BIM). Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) provides a neutral and open schema for interoperability. Model View Definitions (MVD) provide a common subset for specifying the exchanges using IFC, but are expensive to build, test and maintain. A semantic analysis of IFC data schema illustrates the complexities of embedding semantics in model views. A software engineering methodology based on formal specification of shared resources, reusable components and standards that are applicable to the AEC-FM industry for development of a Semantic Exchange Module (SEM) structure for IFC schema is adopted for this research. This SEM structure is based on engineering ontologies that are capable of developing more consistent MVDs. In this regard, Ontology is considered as a machine-readable set of definitions that create a taxonomy of classes and subclasses, and relationships between them. Typically, the ontology contains the hierarchical description of important entities that are used in IFC, along with their properties and business rules. This model of an ontological framework, similar to that of Semantic Web, makes the IFC more formal and consistent as it is capable of providing precise definition of terms and vocabulary. The outcome of this research, a formal classification structure for IFC implementations for the domain of Precast/ Prestressed Concrete Industry, when implemented by software developers, provides the mechanism for applications such as modular MVDs, smart and complex querying of product models, and transaction based services, based on the idea of testable and reusable SEMs. It can be extended and also helps in consistent implementation of rule languages across different domains within AEC-FM, making data sharing across applications simpler with limited rework. This research is expected to impact the overall interoperability of applications in the BIM realm.

Aquest treball de tesis doctoral tracta de la Optimització de la fase d'engreix. L'objectiu és determinar les condicions d'enviament a sacrifici d'un lot d'animals des d'un punt de vista operatiu. En primer lloc es fa una anàlisi de la cadena de producció de carn porcina, resaltant-ne els canvis del sector que han influit en la fase d'engreixament. La conclusió d'aquesta anàlisi és el plantejament d'un model per prendre decisions degut al canvi de paradigma que s'evidencia: els productors de porcs en la fase d'engreix cal que orientin la gestió del paràmetres operatius i els productes finals a les exigències i gustos dels seus clients. Seguidament, es presenta el sistema d'ajut a la decisió basat en un model biològic que explica l'evolució de les variables productives (pes i consum de pinso). A més també prediu les variables associades a característiques de la canal, com són el percentatge de magre, la proporció de peces, el rendiment i el greix intramuscular. El sistema té en compte tres mercats de carn porcina alternatius: 1) basat en pes viu, 2) basat en mèrits de la canal (percentatge de magre) y 3) basat en el valor de les peces nobles resultants de l'especejament de l'animal. L'objetiu del sistema és determinar la millor estratègia d'enviament per a cadascun dels genotips que s'han estudiat (alternatives de producció) depenent del mercat on seran enviats els animals. A més, també ha estat estudiat l'efecte de la variabilitat biològica dels animals dins del lot sobre els valors econòmics. També s'ha considerat l'opció d'enviar els animals en diverses etapes per tal d'homogeneitzar el pes dels animals enviats. Aquest problema ha estat estudiat seguint l'enfocament de programació dinàmica. En els darrers capítols es presenten quatre aplicacions del model que s'han desenvolupat al llarg del treball. En un futur els mercats de carn porcina tindran la tendència a ser més definits, per tant la producció en la fase d'engreixament porcí hauria d'integrar i tenir en compte les demandes i les exigències del consumidor. / This PhD Thesis is related to optimisation of pig fattening phase under an operative point of view. Firstly it has been an analysis of the Pork Chain in order to establish a framework. The objective is to highlight the changes in the sector which have influenced on fattening phase. The result was the necessity of satisfying the consumer demands. In the following chapters a Decision Support was developed based on the consumers requirements. Based on a biological model, a managerial model has been developed to analyse the fattening phase. The decision support system takes into account three alternative pig meat markets: Live body weight pricing, carcass merit pricing, and components or cuts pricing system. Apart from the alternatives markets, its objective is to determine the best marketing strategy for each different genotypes (production alternatives) depending on the market where they will be sent. In addition, the effect of animal variability on economic figures has been studied. Also it has been considered the option of marketing the animals in different stages in order to homogenise the weight of animal sent. This problem has been treated under dynamic programming framework. In near future pig meat markets are going to be more defined, therefore the fattening phase of pork production must take consumer demands into account.

La conception de produits de marque nécessite de considérer en même temps les aspects qui concernent la perception du produit (lié à l'évaluation et les émotions des consommateurs et les valeurs de la marque), ainsi que les aspects techniques et d'ingénierie, comprenant les fonctionnalités, les performances, le coût du produit et sa fabricabilité. Dans un contexte pluridisciplinaire, les designers de produits et les ingénieurs doivent collaborer et communiquer entre eux pour obtenir un produit satisfaisant qui plaise émotionnellement aux consommateurs et qui réponde techniquement aux performances attendues et qui est faisable à fabriquer. Cependant, cette collaboration entre les designers et les ingénieurs est difficile à cause de leurs différentes connaissances, approches et responsabilités au cours du processus de conception. Cette recherche s’intéresse aux questions du comment soutenir la communication entre les designers et les ingénieurs de produits et comment soutenir l'intégration de point de vue l'ingénierie au plus tôt dans le processus de conception de produit de marque. Les résultats de cette recherche contribuent à la proposition d'une approche pour intégrer le point de vue de l'ingénierie au point de vue de design (émotions et esthétique). Une proposition et évaluation de trois approches pour soutenir la communication entre les designers et les ingénieurs est étudiée dans cette recherche. De même une approche d'intégration est proposée suivant des trois étapes de modélisation, transformation et intégration des connaissances d'ingénierie à la connaissance de design. Par notre travail, nous avons contribué au projet SKIPPI, dans le développement d'un logiciel d'aide à la génération d'idées et à la prise de décision dans les phases amont de la conception. / Design of branded products involves consideration of both perceptual aspects of the product appearance (related to consumers’ evaluation and emotions and the brand values) as well as the technical and engineering aspects including manufacturing feasibility, performances, and cost. Within a multidisciplinary design context, product designers and engineering designers need to collaborate and communicate together to achieve a satisfactory product that is emotionally appealing to the consumers and is technically performing the intended functions, and is feasible to manufacture. However, such collaboration between product designers and engineering designers is difficult due to their different knowledge background, work approaches and responsibilities during the design process. This research deals with the questions of how to support the communication between product designers and engineering designers and how to support the integration of the engineering viewpoint earlier in the design process of branded product. Proposition and evaluation of three potential approaches to support communication between product designers and engineering designers is investigated in this research. Likewise an integration approach is proposed following the three steps of modeling, transforming and integrating the engineering knowledge to design knowledge. The results of this research contribute to the SKIPPI project, in the development of a software to support idea generation and the decision-making in the upstream design phase.

This Master's thesis deals with the optimization of the material flow between two areas of the production plant of the selected company. At the beginning of the thesis there is shown theoretical framework which is needed for subsequent analysis and determination of the proposals to improvement. In this part there is pointed out to the understanding of the process and the various concepts related to the process management. Furthermore, for the purposes of the application part there are selected and analyzed specific tools of lean manufacturing. These include for example the spaghetti diagram, the product / process matrix and the value stream mapping as the essential tool of this thesis. All this is complemented by ABC analysis. After that these methods are also applied in the practical part for solving the current project in the selected company. At first in solving the project there is dealt with the determination of the most problematic material flow between two areas of production plant. Then there is suggested the optimization solutions and all of this is also complemented by the economic evaluation of the whole project.

Le déploiement d’un système informatique de type PLM assure, pour les entreprises du secteur agroalimentaire, une amélioration du pilotage du développement de leurs produits et de leurs projets. Toutefois, un projet de ce type reste structurant pour les organisations et peut être parfois mal perçu dans une entreprise dite « libérée », à la structure organisationnelle déhiérarchisée et avec des acteurs ayant la sensation d’avoir une grande autonomie dans leurs activités. Cette thèse présente une démarche pour accompagner les projets de déploiement de solution PLM dans de telles entreprises. Après avoir décrit l’ensemble des phases et des activités de la démarche nous mettons en évidence l’importance du rapport humain, de l’échange et de la pédagogie avec l’ensemble des acteurs dès le départ du projet de déploiement en vue de l’acception de l’outil. Ceci nous conduit à faire évoluer les approches classiques de déploiement, en particulier au cours de la phase d’analyse des besoins préliminaires à l’implémentation d’une solution PLM. Notre contribution se place dans une dynamique de recherche d’amélioration de la définition des modèles de processus, de produit et d’organisation en vue de l’implémentation d’une solution PLM dans le cadre d’une entreprise « libérée ». Cette démarche a été construite et mise en oeuvre dans le cadre d’une collaboration avec le groupe industriel biscuitier Poult, les résultats de ce cas d’étude réel sont aussi présentés dans ce manuscrit. / Deployment of a PLM solution in companies of the agri-food sector improves management of their products and projects of development. However, this type of project remains structuring for the organizations and can sometimes be badly perceived in a freedom-form company, with the non-hierarchized organizational structure and with actors feel to have a great autonomy in their activities. This thesis presents an approach to support PLM solution deployment projects in such companies. After describing all the phases and activities of our approach, we highlight the importance of the human relationship, the exchange and the "explanation" with all the actors from the start of the deployment project to favor acceptance of the PLM software tool. This leads us to evolve traditional deployment approaches, especially during the analysis of needs phase prior to the implementation of a PLM solution. Our contribution is placed in a dynamic of research of improvement of process, product and organization models to implement a PLM in a freedom-form company. This approach was built and implemented as part of a collaboration with the Poult biscuit industrial group, results of this real case study are also presented in this manuscript.