頻繁的產品傷害危機（product-harm crisis）以及隨之而來的產品召回已經引起了公眾的廣泛關注。在此背景下，企業一方面應該有效的應對產品召回，另外一方面應該提高產品品質，從而避免產品傷害事件的發生。然而，由於品質問題已經超越了企業自身的範疇，傳統的以企業為中心的品質管理理論對管理供應鏈品質不具有指導意義。 / 在第一個研究中，我們通過深入案例研究來鑒別供應鏈品質管理體系的關鍵組成部分，在經過嚴格的案例對比分析後，我們識別出了供應鏈品質管理體系的6個重要組成部分，並提出了供應鏈質量管理的定義，以及一個完整的供應鏈品質管理模型。 / 第二個研究主要是分析在上一個研究中提出的供應鏈品質管理模型的有效性。通過實證的方法證明該模型的有效性對於該理論的發展具有重要的意義。通過分析400份基於中國製造商的問卷調查資料，我們發現供應鏈品質管理模型有助於提高企業的品質績效。 / 第三個研究主要側重于從消費者的角度探討不同產品召回策略的影響。具體來說，此研究在組織合法性理論（organizational legitimacy theory），服務主導邏輯（service-dominant logic）和雙因素理論（two-factor theory）的基礎上，探討產品召回主動性和補償策略如何影響消費者感知的組織合法性和再次購買傾向。通過實驗驗證，我們發現產品召回的主動性和補償策略對消費者感知的組織合法性及再次購買傾向具有顯著直接影響和交互作用影響。同時，消費者感知的組織合法性在召回策略（召回主動性和補償策略）和再次購買傾向關係中起到仲介作用。 / 總體上來說，本論文促進了供應鏈品質管理理論的發展，加深了對不同召回策略有效性的理解。同時，本論文也將為企業建立有效的供應鏈品質管理和產品召回系統提供指導。 / In the context of frequent product-harm crisis and product recalls, on the one hand, companies should make efforts to handle the recalls effectively; on the other hand, they should improve quality to prevent the recurrence of product-harm crises. However, as the quality issue goes beyond the scope of the organization, the traditional firm-centric quality management theory has limited implications for managing supply chain quality. / In the first study, we identified the six key components of SCQM and proposed a definition of SCQM and a holistic SCQM framework through in-depth case studies. The second study strived to empirically test the effectiveness of SCQM system that we proposed by analyzing the 400 survey samples collected from manufacturing companies in Mainland China. The results showed that SCQM system could help companies to achieve high quality performance. The third study investigated the effectiveness of different product recall strategies (recall proactiveness and compensation) from the consumers’ perspective, based on the organizational legitimacy theory, service-dominant logic and two-factor theory. Through the scenario experiment, we found significant main effect and interaction effect of recall proactiveness and compensation on consumers’ perception of organizational legitimacy and repurchase intention. Moreover, the perceived organizational legitimacy will mediate the relationship between recall strategies (proactiveness and compensation) and repurchase intention. / In summary, this dissertation will advance the development of supply chain quality management theory and enrich understanding of the effectiveness of different product recalls strategies. In addition, it will provide guidelines for companies to establish the supply chain quality management and product recalls system. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Hu, Haiju. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-140). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.I / ABSTRACT (CHINESE) --- p.III / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.V / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.VI / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.VIII / LIST OF TABLES --- p.IX / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Research Motivations and Research Questions --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research Objectives --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of Dissertation --- p.7 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- Quality Management --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- Supply Chain Quality Management --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Product Recalls --- p.22 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Conceptualization of Supply Chain Quality Management --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2 --- Research Methodology --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3 --- Within-case Analysis --- p.34 / Chapter 3.4 --- Cross-case Analysis --- p.43 / Chapter 3.5 --- Definition of Supply Chain Quality Management --- p.60 / Chapter 3.6 --- Supply Chain Quality Management Framework --- p.61 / Chapter 3.7 --- Conclusions and Discussion --- p.65 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Effects of Supply Chain Quality Management on Quality Performance --- p.67 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2 --- Research Hypotheses --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3 --- Research Methodology --- p.84 / Chapter 4.4 --- Analysis and Results --- p.88 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusions and Discussion --- p.99 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Effects of Different Recall Strategies on Consumer Reaction --- p.103 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.103 / Chapter 5.2 --- Theoretical Background and Research Hypotheses --- p.104 / Chapter 5.3 --- Research Methodology --- p.110 / Chapter 5.4 --- Analysis and Results --- p.112 / Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusions and Discussion --- p.117 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Summary --- p.119 / Chapter 6.1 --- Overview --- p.119 / Chapter 6.2 --- Theoretical Contributions --- p.120 / Chapter 6.3 --- Managerial Contributions --- p.121 / Chapter 6.4 --- Limitations and Future Research Directions --- p.121 / Chapter Appendix 1 --- Measurement Instrument for Chapter 4 --- p.123 / Chapter Appendix 2 --- Measurement Items for Chapter 5 --- p.127 / Reference --- p.129

This thesis examines decision optimization of product recalls. Product recalls in recent years have shown unprecedented impact on both immediate economic and reputational damage to the company and long-lasting impact on the brand and industry. Admittedly, imperfect product quality makes recalls inevitable. Thus, we explore from three perspectives to elicit business insights regarding better management and risk control. Chapter 1 introduces the topic of product recall management optimization and its real-world motivation. Chapter 2 views the decision making of "when to initiate a product recall" as a dynamic process and takes the feedback of customer returns to update the product defect rate. Updating is simplified by the conjugate properties of beta distribution and Bernoulli trials. We develop the optimal stopping model to find the thresholds of total product returns above which initiating recall is optimal. We implement dynamic programming to solve the model optimally. For large-size problems, we propose a simulation method to balance computation time with solution quality. Chapter 3 allows the company to control the recall risk by investing in quality. We adopt the one-stage stochastic newsvendor model and add quality-dependent recall risk. The resulting model is not concave in production quantity and quality levels. The parametric analysis reveals several interesting features such as the optimal ordering quantity and quality level have a conflicting relationship. We further extend our model from internal supply to external supply from multiple sources. Chapter 4 examines managing product recalls from the closed-loop supply chain management and disruption management perspectives. We model the location and allocation decisions of both manufacturing plants and reprocessing facilities where facilities are built after the recalls. Numerical experiments show the costs of overlooking potential recalls vary greatly, indicating the necessity of considering recalls in initial designs and the importance of accurate recall probability prediction. Chapter 5 summarizes. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This study was concerned with the capability of food processors to conduct a product recall, when necessary, with the least time and cost expenditures. An evaluation was made of the effectiveness of the procedures, policies, and organization by which food processors have conducted or would conduct a product recall. Based upon this assessment, a model product recall program was designed to enhance the ability of food processors to conduct product recalls more efficiently. The study concludes that product recalls are very costly to conduct, and, therefore, every effort should be undertaken to prevent situations from occurring which require product recalls. The use of stringent quality control procedures and packaging improvements are thus recommended. Food processors are encouraged to adopt product recall programs in order to reduce the cost of conducting a product recall. If food processors do not take the initiative in these areas, consumerists will likely continue to pressure Congress for more stringent federal regulation of the food industry.

Complex foodborne threats to public health and safe food supplies are increasing with each passing day, serving as a great challenge to food corporations today. This thesis, selecting the Mengniu Dairy milk scandal as the subject of the study, is aimed to examine how newspapers reported and evaluated Mengniu milk crisis and crisis management in the 2008 Chinese milk scandal and to provide suggestions to Mengniu Dairy's crisis management, as well as the Chinese food industry in general. It is a significant step towards exploring the crisis management strategy of a food company in a non-Western setting under a circumstance in which crisis responsibility is ambiguous. To accomplish this, a content analysis of 253 articles ranged from September 11, 2008, to September 10, 2009, on 10 Chinese newspapers' Web sites was conducted. The results of the coding supported an argument that apology and product recall were not good enough for the milk crisis and identified the significant role of the Chinese government in food crisis management. Two suggestions are offered by the study. First, building a good external relationship and cooperating with the local government. Second, being proactive and addressing public safety during the pre-crisis stage. Further, recommendations for further study are enclosed.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- Mississippi State University. Department of Finance and Economics. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

<p>FDA has long served as the front safeguard to the U.S. citizen public health, is also perceived as one of the world-leading drug regulators. Despite the tremendous efforts and progress have been made to promote the public health, FDA was criticized for putting the agency’s trust icon at stake and was questioned of its ability to serve the agency’s ultimate mission to protect the public. In the wake of the arousing concerns, FDA sought the transformation the oversight model of the medicinal products. One of the actions is to launch quality metrics program. However, this program has been unanimously opposed by the industry. Instead of the current conventional approach, which is constrained by the high dependence on industry cooperation, we try to explore</p><p>the measurement of company and product quality risk with public domain data, try to help in visualizing quality and risk. To that end, we develop conceptual frameworks for both company and product quality, examine some of the factors (education, local authority intensity, historical inspection results, physiochemical, physiological, formulation factors, etc.), further developed a warning letter and product recall prediction model with machine learning method referenced to the data analysis outcome.</p>

Ces travaux de thèse, menés dans le cadre du projet FUI Traçaverre, visent à optimiser le rappel pour un processus qui n'est pas de type batch avec une traçabilité unitaire des articles produits. L'objectif étant de minimiser le nombre d'articles rappelés tout en s'assurant que tous les articles avec défaut sont rappelés. Pour cela, nous avons proposé un processus de rappel efficient qui intègre, d'une part, les possibilités offertes par la traçabilité unitaire et, d'autre part, utilise une fonction de diagnostic devenue indispensable avant le rappel effectif des produits. Dans le cas des systèmes industriels complexes pour lesquels l'expertise humaine est insuffisante et dont nous n'avons pas de modèle physique, la traçabilité unitaire offre une possibilité pour mieux comprendre et analyser le procédé de fabrication par une reconstitution de la vie du produit à travers les données de traçabilité. Le couplage des données de traçabilité unitaire produit/process représente une source potentielle de connaissance à mettre en oeuvre et à exploiter. Ces travaux de thèse proposent un modèle de données pour le couplage de ces données. Ce modèle de données est basé sur deux standards, l'un dédié à la production et l'autre portant sur la traçabilité. Après l'identification et l'intégration des données nécessaires, nous avons développé une fonction de diagnostic à base de données. La construction de cette fonction diagnostic a été réalisée par apprentissage et comprend l'intégration des connaissances sur le système pour réduire la complexité de l'algorithme d'apprentissage. Dans le processus de rappel proposé, lorsque l'équipement à l'origine du défaut nécessitant le rappel est identifié, l'état de santé de cet équipement au voisinage de l'instant de fabrication du produit contrôlé défectueux est évalué afin d'identifier les autres produits susceptibles de présenter le même défaut. L'approche globale proposée est appliquée à deux études de cas. La première étude a concerné l'industrie verrière. Le second cas d'application a porté sur le process benchmark Tennessee Eastman / This thesis, which is part of the Traçaverre Project, aims to optimize the recall when the production process is not batch type with a unit traceability of produced items. The objective is to minimize the number of recalled items while ensuring that all items with defect are recalled. We propose an efficient recall procedure that incorporates possibilities offered by the unitary traceability and uses a diagnostic function. For complex industrial systems for which human expertise is not sufficient and for which we do not have a physical model, the unitary traceability provides opportunities to better understand and analyse the manufacturing process by a re-enactment of the life of the product through the traceability data. The integration of product and process unitary traceability data represents a potential source of knowledge to be implemented and operate. This thesis propose a data model for the coupling of these data. This data model is based on two standards, one dedicated to the production and the other dealing with the traceability. We developed a diagnostic function based on data after having identified and integrated the necessary data. The construction of this diagnosis function was performed by a learning approach and comprises the integration of knowledge on the system to reduce the complexity of the learning algorithm. In the proposed recall procedure, when the equipment causing the fault is identified, the health status of this equipment in the neighbourhood of the manufacturing time of the defective product is evaluated in order to identify other products likely to present the same defect. The global proposed approach was applied to two case studies. The first study focuses on the glass industry. The second case of application deals with the benchmark Tennessee Eastman process

The paper consists of two essays, both associating customer sentiment with firm performance. The first essay investigates the power of User-Generated Content (UGC) in explaining firm product and financial market performances. The second essay examines how brand equity can moderate a product recall's impact on the announcing firm and its competitors in the financial market. In the first essay, we utilize a high involvement durable product category (i.e. automobiles) as our sampling framework, and our findings confirm UGC's predictive power and help resolve existing ambiguities in existing UGC research. We use a market share attraction model to investigate how UGC contribute to firms' success in the product market. We also investigate the impact that UGC communications exert on the firm's financial performance, by inspecting its influence on firm idiosyncratic stock returns, Overall, We find that UGC communications have a direct effect on firms' success in the financial market. Furthermore, we find that for both the product and financial markets, long term owner reviews influence market responses more decisively than new owners' reviews. For the second essay, we examine the role of customer-based brand equity in moderating the impact of a product recalls on the firms' short-term abnormal stock returns. We construct a sample of all (non-automobile) product recalls announced between January 2001 and December 2006 by three Government agencies, Dow Jones Newswire, and The Wall Street Journal and match these product recall events with firm-level customer-based brand equity measures from the EquiTrend© database. Supporting previous studies we find that product recalls result in sizeable short-term negative abnormal stock returns for the announcing firms. More importantly the results suggest that strong brand equity attenuates the negative impact of these recalls for these firms, while potentially benefiting their competitors. By decomposing the brand equity into brand familiarity and brand quality, the study finds that brand quality is alleviating the focal firms from negative impact of a product recall, while brand familiarity is the driving force behind the benefits of a strong brand for competitors. Overall, these two studies advance marketing knowledge and our understanding of how market intelligence impacts the firm's performance, both on the product and financial marketplaces.

Business leaders lack transformational leadership strategies to promote the use of digital communication in the electricity supply industry. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore transformational leadership strategies to promote the use of digital communication to mitigate electricity-related shutdowns and other electricity-related product recalls. The conceptual framework for this study aligns with general systems theory. The participants recruited in the study were business leaders, key account electricity consumers, and electricity consumers located in Johannesburg, South Africa. The rationale for the target population was their success in implementing transformational leadership strategies to promote the use of digital communication to mitigate the risk of electricity-related shutdowns. Data collection included semistructured interviews, direct observations with 14 participants, archival records/materials, and documents. Saldana's sequence of coding and data analysis technique using thematic coding and content analysis were used to determine specific themes and patterns derived from the 3 data sources. Based on methodological triangulation, 4 emergent themes evolved: business sustainability, digital media, electricity-related product recall crisis, and leadership efficacy that would assist leaders in growing a sustainable business in the electricity supply industry. The results of this study may contribute to positive social change by providing leaders with transformational leadership strategies for embracing digital media to ensure the industry's sustainability. This in turn would encourage improved economic activity, broad-based black economic empowerment, investments in health, education, environmental issues, and business opportunities for small businesses.